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作物杂志,2021, 第4期: 152–158 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.023

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

香稻专用肥料类型对香稻产量、品质和香气的影响

佟天一(), 蔡健旋, 张集胜, 李林, 马林, 何柔静, 唐湘如()   

  1. 华南农业大学农学院,510642,广东广州
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-17 修回日期:2020-10-27 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 唐湘如
  • 作者简介:佟天一,研究方向为水稻栽培与生理,E-mail：tongty@stu.scau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31971843)

Effects of Fertilizer Types on Yield, Quality and Aroma of Fragrant Rice

Tong Tianyi(), Cai Jianxuan, Zhang Jisheng, Li Lin, Ma Lin, He Roujing, Tang Xiangru()   

  1. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2020-08-17 Revised:2020-10-27 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Tang Xiangru

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摘要：

旨在探求不同形态的香稻专用肥对香稻产量、品质和香气的影响。在大田条件下,以常规香稻品种美香占2号和象牙香占为材料,设置香稻专用固体肥（T1）和香稻专用液体肥（T2）处理,不施肥（T0）为对照。结果表明,与T0比,施用2种类型的肥料可以提高香稻的产量,提升香稻的加工品质,籽粒中2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉（2-AP）含量增加;与T1处理比,T2处理可以使香稻的有效穗数提高9.88%,产量平均提高10.88%,糙米率和精米率显著提高,通过增加香气前体物质脯氨酸的含量,使2个品种香稻籽粒2-AP含量平均提高12.59%。由此可得,香稻专用液体肥能增产提香,表现出很好的增产调优效果。

关键词: 香稻, 液体肥, 固体肥, 产量, 品质, 香气

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different types of special rice fertilizers on the yield, quality, and aroma of fragrant rice. The conventional fragrant rice varieties Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan were used as the materials, and the special solid rice fertilizer (T1) and the special liquid rice fertilizer (T2) treatments were designed, with no fertilizer (T0) as a control. The results showed that comparing with T0, the application of two types of fertilizer could increase the yield of fragrant rice, improve the processing quality of fragrant rice, and increase the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) in grains. Compared with T1, T2 could increase fertile panicle of fragrant rice by 9.88%, increase the yield by 10.88%, and significantly increase the brown rice rate and milled rice rate of fragrant rice. By increasing the content of proline, a precursor of aroma, the content of 2-AP in grains at maturity was increased by 12.59%. The special liquid fertilizer for fragrant rice could increase the yield and improve the fragrance, showing a good effect of increasing production and adjusting quality.

Key words: Fragrant rice, Liquid fertilizer, Solid fertilizer, Yield, Quality, Aroma

图1

肥料类型对不同品种香稻茎蘖动态的影响

表1

肥料类型对香稻产量及其构成因素的影响

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数 (穗/m2)
Fertile panicle (panicle/m2)		 穗粒数
Grain numbers per panicle		 结实率
Filled grain rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (t/hm2)
美香占2号 T0 295.12±1.07c 98.46±8.41c 77.32±2.21c 17.85±0.23b 4.74±0.17c
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 335.22±2.11b 127.63±8.54a 80.94±6.57b 18.00±0.33b 5.94±0.25b
T2 370.43±1.16a 101.19±4.06b 82.29±1.19a 19.54±0.16a 6.89±0.26a
象牙香占 T0 315.98±2.88c 68.37±4.22c 69.81±4.41b 18.06±0.29b 4.26±0.15b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 375.11±0.55b 97.67±5.08b 79.83±4.30ab 19.03±0.26a 5.84±0.43a
T2 410.12±1.59a 109.23±12.36a 80.43±3.88a 18.98±0.21a 6.06±0.19a

表2

肥料类型对香稻籽粒2-AP的影响

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 齐穗后15d
15d after heading		 成熟期
Maturity
美香占2号 T0 208.79±14.23b 309.51±6.46c
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 295.55±19.97a 349.03±18.74b
T2 296.21±13.49a 391.76±16.68a
象牙香占 T0 176.13±5.81b 210.47±1.20c
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 220.05±16.54a 240.98±2.98b
T2 224.62±7.85a 272.16±12.74a

表3

肥料类型对香稻叶片中游离脯氨酸含量的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 21.71±1.86c 23.21±2.32c 19.79±0.96b 3.89±1.54c 2.69±0.44b
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 30.79±2.82b 32.21±1.53b 24.88±0.23a 5.32±1.59b 2.93±1.50b
T2 33.16±0.96a 37.13±2.52a 23.97±0.12a 8.00±1.51a 6.12±1.88a
象牙香占 T0 31.73±1.00a 28.68±2.75a 23.14±0.53b 5.93±0.01b 2.93±0.01b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 33.75±3.57a 22.15±1.29b 32.14±4.00a 10.39±2.42a 8.39±2.42a
T2 32.14±2.37a 27.08±0.87ab 33.94±4.23a 11.68±4.21a 9.68±4.21a

表4

肥料类型对香稻茎鞘中游离脯氨酸含量的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 14.53±1.24b 3.11±0.03c 2.50±0.06b 2.13±0.01c 0.47±0.46b
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 9.68±3.01c 5.15±0.05b 2.17±3.11b 4.59±0.01b 1.60±0.01a
T2 17.73±2.56a 10.21±2.26a 3.88±0.78a 5.21±3.98a 1.67±0.87a
象牙香占 T0 10.76±2.6a 4.08±0.01c 1.20±0.06c 2.34±0.33b 0.60±0.01b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 8.86±0.33b 5.12±0.08b 3.01±1.00b 2.45±0.01b 0.23±0.14b
T2 10.29±1.09a 7.07±0.85a 5.77±1.80a 4.85±0.21a 2.83±0.22a

表5

肥料类型对香稻叶片中鸟氨酸转氨酶活性的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 185.81±3.60b 196.32±0.41a 196.72±2.86b 188.66±4.39b 84.85±0.43a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 191.03±0.63a 196.51±4.02a 199.54±2.56ab 192.94±1.71ab 85.74±2.72a
T2 191.72±2.19a 195.95±2.65a 203.82±3.26a 198.18±3.12a 83.28±3.65a
象牙香占 T0 186.02±4.30b 204.39±1.19a 197.29±2.97b 192.26±4.17a 85.77±3.36a
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 195.24±1.56a 199.82±3.97a 193.25±2.45b 195.98±2.44a 84.37±2.28a
T2 196.56±4.25a 202.19±0.74a 206.36±0.01a 196.46±1.17a 84.92±2.32a

表6

肥料类型对香稻茎鞘中鸟氨酸转氨酶活性的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 204.73±1.43a 153.01±1.39b 186.82±2.78b 104.31±1.08c 83.01±2.57a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 201.33±0.92a 168.21±3.88a 197.01±0.99a 145.83±3.91a 82.66±1.08a
T2 187.06±3.45b 165.66±4.33a 190.21±3.24b 123.47±1.53b 83.06±3.55a
象牙香占 T0 195.49±1.76b 150.89±1.99b 183.54±3.66a 106.34±1.47c 80.38±0.96a
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 201.63±2.09a 188.07±1.37a 186.22±2.87a 111.32±0.24b 81.73±3.26a
T2 195.55±3.34b 145.72±4.02b 185.93±4.07a 135.62±2.59a 80.64±1.95a

表7

肥料类型对香稻叶片吡咯啉-5-羧酸含量的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 2.04±0.15b 4.04±0.34a 3.58±0.06b 3.85±0.16b 5.32±0.31a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 2.73±0.11ab 4.34±0.04a 3.83±0.24ab 4.21±0.19a 5.29±0.68a
T2 2.88±0.07a 3.92±0.19a 4.02±0.27a 3.82±0.15b 5.72±0.30a
象牙香占 T0 2.57±0.08a 3.69±0.14c 3.68±0.26b 4.02±0.08b 4.47±0.74a
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 2.67±0.09a 4.34±0.16b 3.77±0.13b 4.28±0.25b 4.73±0.44a
T2 2.78±0.16a 4.81±0.13a 4.29±0.17a 5.34±0.19a 4.89±0.29a

表8

肥料类型对香稻茎鞘吡咯啉-5-羧酸含量的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 1.91±0.04a 1.87±0.04b 1.97±0.12b 2.09±0.04b 2.72±0.13a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 1.76±0.09a 1.98±0.03a 1.99±0.05b 2.28±0.14b 2.45±0.09b
T2 1.73±0.21a 2.01±0.08a 2.26±0.09a 2.66±0.11a 2.92±0.11a
象牙香占 T0 1.76±0.05ab 1.92±0.07b 2.02±0.13a 2.14±0.15a 2.38±0.07b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 1.69±0.11b 2.08±0.09a 1.96±0.03a 2.06±0.05a 3.09±0.21a
T2 1.88±0.09a 1.94±0.04ab 2.06±0.03a 2.08±0.11a 2.45±0.09b

表9

肥料类型对香稻叶片中1-吡咯啉含量的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 14.71±1.51b 17.43±2.55a 22.01±0.88c 11.48±0.33c 15.02±1.67b
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 15.48±1.15ab 13.88±0.51b 23.11±1.33b 14.22±0.35b 19.77±1.18a
T2 17.32±0.65a 19.37±0.29a 25.63±0.61a 17.61±1.82a 19.22±1.78a
象牙香占 T0 14.07±0.59b 10.71±0.51b 20.43±0.56c 14.63±0.95b 15.63±2.51b
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 15.37±0.85ab 18.82±0.77a 23.71±0.86b 14.31±0.43b 17.75±2.73ab
T2 16.29±0.45a 18.08±1.11a 31.19±1.36a 24.52±1.63a 21.01±2.78a

表10

肥料类型对香稻茎鞘1-吡咯啉含量的影响

品种Variety 处理Treatment 分蘖盛期Tillering 孕穗期Booting 齐穗期Heading 齐穗后15d 15d after heading 成熟期Maturity
美香占2号 T0 10.55±0.21b 11.08±0.88a 16.12±0.21b 11.52±0.39c 8.21±0.35a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 13.82±2.13a 10.45±0.91a 16.99±0.72ab 14.46±0.89b 8.41±0.11a
T2 11.29±0.56ab 9.68±0.21a 18.05±0.54a 17.99±1.89a 8.72±0.41a
象牙香占 T0 10.19±1.71a 9.67±0.46a 15.44±2.86b 14.57±0.45b 8.25±0.16a
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 9.81±0.32a 10.48±0.69a 15.72±0.06b 15.18±1.51b 8.49±0.08a
T2 10.09±0.19a 10.17±0.44a 20.12±0.63a 24.27±1.22a 8.96±0.15a

表11

肥料类型对香稻品质的影响

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 糙米率
Brown rice rate (%)		 精米率
Milled rice rate (%)		 整精米率
Head rice rate (%)		 蛋白质
Protein (%)		 直链淀粉
Amylose (%)		 碱消值
Akali
美香占2号 T0 77.04±0.21b 63.64±0.85b 51.34±0.59b 6.91±0.01b 18.11±0.17b 6.82±0.11a
Meixiangzhan 2 T1 77.81±0.15a 64.36±0.21a 54.91±0.42a 6.93±0.06b 18.57±0.15a 6.73±0.21a
T2 78.21±0.03a 64.95±0.68a 53.74±0.07a 8.07±0.06a 18.41±0.17ab 6.97±0.12a
象牙香占 T0 74.21±1.33c 56.79±2.36c 49.25±1.11c 6.87±0.06b 18.17±0.12a 6.77±0.06ab
Xiangyaxiangzhan T1 75.88±0.19b 60.51±0.95b 51.42±0.47b 6.51±0.01c 18.13±0.12a 6.72±0.21b
T2 77.57±0.13a 61.72±0.62a 51.68±0.46a 7.37±0.01a 18.23±0.06a 7.22±0.02a
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