冷等离子体对作物种子处理效应的研究进展

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冷等离子体处理作为一种环境友好、操作简单、安全性高的现代农业物理技术,具有较大的研究潜力和应用前景。本文总结了不同压强和放电方式组合下冷等离子体的性质、冷等离子体对作物种子处理效应的研究进展及展望。归纳发现冷等离子体处理能够改变作物种皮结构,提高种子代谢水平,改善作物的表型、产量等生产性能,并在一定程度上提高植株的抗逆能力。目前对冷等离子体处理效应的报道多集中在作物表型和生理层面,对机理的研究仍有待深入。常压室温等离子体（atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP）是一种近年开始应用的新型冷等离子体源,操作条件更为温和可控,处理效应更加稳定高效。相信今后常规冷等离子体及ARTP处理技术会在改善作物农艺性状、提高作物综合品质等方面得到更加广泛的应用。

关键词: 冷等离子体, 常压室温等离子体, 种子处理

Abstract:

Cold plasma treatment, as an environmental-friendly, simple-operation, and high-safety modern agricultural physical technique, possesses high research value and great application prospects. In this review, we summarized the properties of cold plasma under different pressure and discharge methods combinations, research process and outlook of the effect of cold plasma on crop seeds. Cold plasma treatment mainly changed seed coat structures, increased the level of seed metabolism and improved the production performance of crops such as phenotypes and yields. To some extent, cold plasma also improved the resistance of plants. However, most of the existing researches were focused on phenotypic and physiological aspects of cold plasma treatment. Figuring out the mechanism of cold plasma treatment still need further study. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) is the latest type of cold plasma source that has been applied in recent years, with more gentle and controllable operating conditions and a more stable and efficient treatment effect. We believe that in the future, conventional cold plasma and ARTP technique will be more widely used in improving agronomic characteristics in crop cultivation and promoting the overall quality of crops.

Key words: Cold plasma, Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP), Seeds treatment

宋璟, 岑慧芳, 刘华玥, 王慧, 张蕴薇. 冷等离子体对作物种子处理效应的研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (6): 9–14

Song Jing, Cen Huifang, Liu Huayue, Wang Hui, Zhang Yunwei. Advances in Cold Plasma Treatment Effects on Crop Seeds[J]. Crops, 2021(6): 9–14

图/表 1

表1

不同类型冷等离子体性质及处理效应的比较

项目 Item		非常压冷等离子体 Non-atmospheric pressure cold plasma	传统常压冷等离子体 Traditional atmospheric pressure cold plasma	常压室温冷等离子体（ARTP） Atmospheric and room temperature plasma
主要产生方式^[6,7] Mainly produce way		射频放电辉光放电介质阻挡放电	大气压介质阻挡放电大气压辉光放电	大气压射频辉光放电
设备及操作特点 Characteristics of equipment and operation		工作电压高,难以获得持续稳定的放电;局部温度易过高,产生的冷等离子体稳定性略差;需创造真空环境,操作较繁琐。	处理设备结构简单,无需真空系统,成本低;放电均匀稳定,操作简便,安全性高。	室温放电,作用条件温和;设备及操作简单,安全性及可控性高。
处理时间Processing time		数秒至数分钟内		数分钟至数十分钟
作用机理 Mechanism		活性粒子与细胞内带电离子互作,被吸收部分电子振动并转化为热能,生物大分子由基态跃迁到激发态,对植物种子或组织起到激活作用^[18];不改变基因序列,诱导植物产生表观遗传变异^[5]。		高能活性粒子造成遗传物质损伤、细胞膜通透性和蛋白结构的改变等;细胞启动SOS修复机制产生错配位点,形成稳定遗传的突变^[35,36]。
处理效应 Effect of treatment	种子萌发及生长 Seed germination and growth	改善种子表面粗糙度及湿润性,提高种子发芽率、生长势等萌发特性,恢复老化种子活力^[8];影响幼苗生长状态及成株的表型,提高产量。	提高种子发芽势、生长势、植株生长、产量及品质;促进非健康种子生理机能的恢复^{[21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]}。	提高种子发芽势、发芽率,促进种子萌发;提高幼苗生物量、植株生长及产量^{[37,38,39,40,41]}。
	生理生化 Physiology and biochemistry	改善相应生理指标;提高次生代谢物含量^{[27,28,29,30]},改善作物品质。	提高生理指标;促进物质转运、提高抗氧化防御系统酶活性和相关物质的含量等^[33],减轻盐胁迫、重金属胁迫等逆境胁迫负效应^[31,32]。	提高药用作物有效次生代谢物含量^[38];提高盐胁迫下植物种子及幼苗抗性^[39,40]等。

表1

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