氮肥减施下添加硝化抑制剂对夏玉米植株及土壤氮素积累分配及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大田条件下设置常规施氮量（T1）、氮肥减施10%+硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶（T2）、氮肥减施10%（T3）、氮肥减施20%+硝化抑制剂（T4）、氮肥减施20%（T5）、氮肥减施30%+硝化抑制剂（T6）和氮肥减施30%（T7）共7个处理，研究不同处理对土壤有效氮含量、夏玉米植株干物质量和氮素积累分配、籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明，成熟期T1和T4处理干物质积累量最高，T7处理籽粒重占比最高，为55.98%。吐丝后氮素积累量以T2处理最高，成熟期籽粒氮素积累占比在T6和T7处理达到最大。施肥后，前期土壤铵态氮含量以T4处理最高，硝态氮和N_min含量以T1处理最高，后期T4处理下3个指标含量均表现出明显优势。籽粒产量平均为11.46t/hm²，T1和T4处理最高，平均为11.87t/hm²。氮肥减施20%下配施硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶能够降低农业生态系统氮肥投入，提高土壤有效氮含量和保持玉米生产，达到高产高效。

关键词: 夏玉米, 硝化抑制剂, 氮肥减施, 氮素含量

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted with seven treatments including normal nitrogen (N) rate (T1), N reduced by 10%+nitrification inhibitor, 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (T2), N reduced by 10% (T3), N reduced by 20%+nitrification inhibitor (T4), N reduced by 20% (T5), N reduced by 30%+nitrification inhibitor (T6) and N reduced by 30% (T7), to investigate the effects of different treatments on the soil nitrogen concentration, accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen, and grain yield and its components. The results indicated that, in maturity stage, the highest dry matter accumulations were obtained in the T1 and T4 treatments. T7 treatment had the highest grain proportion by 55.98%. After silking stage, the highest N accumulation was obtained in T2 treatment. The highest grain distributions in the plants were found in T6 and T7 treatments. After fertilizer application, soil NH₄⁺-N concentration was the highest in T4 treatment, NO₃^--N and N_min concentrations were the highest in T1 treatment at early stage and the three nitrogen indexes of T4 treatment were higher at later stage. Mean grain yield was 11.46t/ha. The highest yields were obtained in T1 and T4 treatments, the average was 11.87t/ha. Thus, N reduced by 20%+nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6- trichloromethylpyridine could decrease the input and increase soil N concentration in the agroecological system and maintain the high-yield and high-efficiency in the maize production.

Key words: Summer maize, Nitrification inhibitor, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Nitrogen concentration

张盼盼, 李川, 张美微, 赵霞, 黄璐, 刘京宝, 乔江方. 氮肥减施下添加硝化抑制剂对夏玉米植株及土壤氮素积累分配及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (2): 145–150

Zhang Panpan, Li Chuan, Zhang Meiwei, Zhao Xia, Huang Lu, Liu Jingbao, Qiao Jiangfang. Effects of Nitrification Inhibitor on the Nitrogen Concentration and Yield in Summer Maize Plants and Soil under Reduced Nitrogen Application[J]. Crops, 2023(2): 145–150

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处理 Treatment	穗行数 Row number per ear	行粒数 Kernel number per row	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)
T1	16.4a	34.9ab	363.8ab	11.96a
T2	16.4a	35.4ab	372.9a	11.63ab
T3	16.0a	35.7ab	365.6ab	11.37ab
T4	16.3a	36.9a	359.9b	11.77a
T5	16.4a	34.3b	370.4a	11.51ab
T6	16.3a	34.6b	373.8a	11.07b
T7	16.4a	34.7b	372.1a	10.93b
平均值Average	16.3	35.2	368.4	11.46