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作物杂志,2023, 第6期: 35–40 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.06.005

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄淮海夏大豆在海南快速加代技术研究

裴春玲1,2(), 谷勇哲2(), 付佳祺1,2, 晁守伟2, 卢倩1(), 邱丽娟2()   

  1. 1哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院，150025，黑龙江哈尔滨
    2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与遗传改良国家重大科学工程/农业农村部北京大豆生物学重点实验室，100081，北京
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-31 修回日期:2023-11-06 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 邱丽娟，主要从事大豆优异基因资源发掘研究，E-mail：qiulijuan@caas.cn；卢倩为共同通信作者，研究方向为环境生物化学，E-mail：luqian@hrbnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:裴春玲，研究方向为大豆种质资源，E-mail：clpei1997@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划中国和乌拉圭联合实验室合作项目(2018YFE0116900)

Study on the Rapid Generation-Adding Technology of Huang-Huai-Hai Summer Soybean in Hainan

Pei Chunling1,2(), Gu Yongzhe2(), Fu Jiaqi1,2, Chao Shouwei2, Lu Qian1(), Qiu Lijuan2()   

  1. 1College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2023-01-31 Revised:2023-11-06 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-12-15

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摘要：

在海南三亚以4个黄淮海地区大豆品种（系）为试验材料，在鼓粒期采集不同厚度的鲜荚，对自然阴干后的种子状态、百粒重及发芽能力进行研究。结果表明，鲜荚厚度为7~8mm的种子发芽率和发芽势均最高，分别达96.7%和85.8%，分别超过正常收获种子的8.6%和10.3%，因此在海南冬季最适宜提前收获的鲜荚厚度为7~8mm。利用提前摘荚技术，从播种至收获需要50d左右，阴干处理15d，一个世代共需要65d。10月底至次年5月初之间在海南种植，可连续繁殖3代，该技术可为大豆的快速育种提供技术支撑。

关键词: 大豆加代, 鲜荚, 果荚厚度, 发芽率, 加速育种

Abstract:

Four soybean varieties (lines) from the Huang-Huai-Hai region were used as experimental materials in Sanya, Hainan province, and fresh pods of different thicknesses were harvested during the seed filling period. The seed state, 100-seed weight and germination capacity after natural drying in the shade were studied. The results showed that, the germination rate and germination potential of fresh pod seeds with thickness of 7-8mm were the highest, reaching 96.7% and 85.8% respectively, which were higher than those of normal harvested seeds by 8.6% and 10.3%, respectively. Therefore, the most suitable thickness of fresh pods for early harvest in Hainan in winter was 7-8mm. Using the technology of early pod picking, it took about 50 days from sowing to harvesting, and 15 days for drying in the shade. A generation had required 65 days in total. Planting in Hainan from the end of October to the beginning of May of the next year, it can reproduce for three generations continuously. This technology provides technical support for rapid soybean breeding.

Key words: Soybean generation-adding, Fresh pod, Pod thickness, Germination rate, Accellerated breeding

图1

不同厚度果荚自然阴干后的种子状态

图2

不同厚度果荚自然阴干后的种子百粒重 不同小写字母表示差异在P < 0.05水平上显著，下同

图3

不同厚度鲜荚自然阴干后的种子发芽率

表1

不同果荚类型间发芽率、发芽势差异分析

果荚厚度
Pod
thickness		 发芽率Germination rate 发芽势Germination potential
平均值
Average value		 SD 平均值
Average value		 SD
5~6mm 87.3b 0.091 73.0b 0.161
6~7mm 93.3ab 0.055 79.7ab 0.081
7~8mm 96.7a 0.020 85.8a 0.076
8~9mm 90.7b 0.066 77.2ab 0.134
9~10mm 90.7ab 0.082 77.2ab 0.235
CK 89.0b 0.021 77.8ab 0.120

图4

不同厚度鲜荚自然阴干后的种子发芽势

图5

4个品种在播种后不同天数果荚厚度的变化

图6

通过提前摘荚加快育种进程的示意图

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