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作物杂志,2026, 第5期: 15–22 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.002

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

多维度分析小麦粒重基因：研究现状与育种展望

许娜丽(), 刘晓宇, 汪丽平, 钟思志, 周国勤, 尹志刚, 陈宏, 陈真真, 马家运, 陈俊, 朱保磊(), 石守设()   

  1. 信阳市农业科学院， 464000， 河南信阳
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-24 修回日期:2025-09-30 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 朱保磊，主要从事小麦遗传育种研究，E-mail：1067354457@qq.com；石守设为共同通信作者，主要从事小麦遗传育种研究，E-mail：shiss68@163.com
  • 作者简介:许娜丽，主要从事小麦遗传育种研究，E-mail：441259781@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-01A);河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(Z2010-01-01);河南省科技攻关项目(252102111143)

Multidimensional Analysis of Wheat Grain Weight Genes: Research Status and Breeding Prospects

Xu Nali(), Liu Xiaoyu, Wang Liping, Zhong Sizhi, Zhou Guoqin, Yin Zhigang, Chen Hong, Chen Zhenzhen, Ma Jiayun, Chen Jun, Zhu Baolei(), Shi Shoushe()   

  1. Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-08-24 Revised:2025-09-30 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-22

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摘要：

小麦是世界上三大粮食作物之一，对保障粮食安全有着极其重要的作用，而粒重是影响小麦产量的三要素之一。目前，国内外学者对粒重基因的研究很多，明确粒重是多基因控制的数量性状，受多种因素的影响。本文基于小麦粒重的影响因素、生物学调控途径、遗传定位分析、粒重相关基因的克隆及其变异类型、粒重分子标记在辅助育种中的应用5个方面，系统论述小麦粒重基因的研究进展，明确了小麦粒重是由多基因通过多种途径调控完成，遗传定位发掘小麦粒重相关数量性状位点（QTL）分布情况，同时明确现有粒重基因的优异等位变异及在小麦种质资源中的利用情况，为后续小麦产量性状的改良以及培育高产品种提供理论依据。

关键词: 小麦, 粒重, 基因, 调控途径, 遗传定位, 等位变异

Abstract:

Wheat is one of the three major food crops in the world and plays an extremely important role in ensuring food security, while grain weight is one of the three yield components restricting yield levels. At present, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on grain weight genes, confirming that grain weight is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes and is affected by many factors. In this paper, the research progress of wheat grain weight genes is systematically reviewed based on five aspects: the influencing factors of wheat grain weight, biological regulation pathways, genetic mapping analysis, cloning and variation types of grain weight-related genes, and the application of grain weight molecular markers in assisted breeding. It clarifies that wheat grain weight is regulated by multiple genes through multiple pathways, summarizes the distribution of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to wheat grain weight, and reveals the favorable allelic variation of existing grain weight genes and their utilization in wheat germplasm resources, which provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of wheat yield traits and the cultivation of high-yield wheat varieties.

Key words: Wheat, Grain weight, Gene, Regulation pathway, Genetic mapping, Allelic variation

表1

小麦粒重相关基因的等位变异及其序列

基因
Gene		 等位变异
Allelic variation		 标记类型
Marker type		 序列（5′-3′）
Sequence (5′-3′)		 染色体位置
Chromosomal position		 参考文献
Reference
TaCwi-A1
 TaCwi-A1a
 STS
 F：GGTGATGAGTTCATGGTTAAT
R：AGAAGCCCAACATTAAATCAAC		 2AL
 [48]
TaCwi-A1b
 F：GTGGTGATGAGTTCATGGTTAAG
R：AGAAGCCCAACATTAAATCAAC
TaGW2-6A
 Hap-6A-G
 CAPS
 F：AGAAAGGGCTGGTGCTATGGA
R：TAACGCTTGATAAACATAGGTAAT		 6AS
 [48]
Hap-6A-A
 F：GTTACCTCTGGTTTGGGTGTCGTG
R：ACCTCTCGAAAATCTTCCCAATTA
TaGW2-6B
 Hap-6B-1
 KASP
 F：GTTGGTGTCATTTGTAAAGCCCA
R：CCTGGGGTGCAAAACTGTTCGGA		 6B
 [49]
其他
 F：GTTGGTGTCATTTGTAAAGCCCC
R：CCTGGGGTGCAAAACTGTTCGGA
TaGS-D1 TaGS-D1a STS F：AACTTAGGGAGCGAAAACAA
R：CACCAAGACTGGAGATGAAA		 7DS [50]
TaGS-D1b
TaSus2-2B
 TaSus2-2Ba
 －
 F：TAAGCGATGAATTATGGC
R：GGTGTCCTTGAGCTTCTGG		 2B
 [51]
TaSus2-2Bb
 F：CTATAGTATGAGCTGGATCAATGGC
R：GGTGTCCTTGAGCTTCTGA
TaGS2-2B TaGS2-2B-a InDel F：GAGAGGGAGCCTCTGTCCTT
R：CATCGTGGTCCTGCAGCT		 2B [42]
TaGS2-2B-b
TaGS5-A1
 TaGS5-A1a
 CAPS
 F：GTGCAATCTTGGACAAACATCAG
R：AGTGCTTTGTCAACAACAGATGC		 3AS
 [52]
TaGS5-A1b
 F：GTGCAATCTTGGACAAACATCAT
R：AGTGCTTTGTCAACAACAGATGC
TaGS1a Hap1 CAPS F：CAGAACCATTTACCTCTGTGAAGTGCAGTTC
R：CAGTTACTACTTCCTCCGGTTCTAAATACTTGTC		 6D [44]
Hap2
TaGS5-3A TaGS5-3A-T CAPS F：CCCTCCAACTTCACATG
R：TCATCGGTGTGTAGGAAG		 3A [53]
TaGS5-3A-G
6-SFT-A2 HapI CAPS F：CTCTCTAGACATAATCAAAAGGGA
R：TTCTTTGATCCAATGTAGCTTCA		 4A [45]
HapII
HapIII
TaGASR7-A1
 H1c
 KASP
 F：ATAACTGCTCACCCCCCACC
R：CGGGAAGGACGGGATGTATA		 7A
 [46]
H1g
 F：CACGGTAGAGGAGCCGGTTC
R：CGGGAAGGACGGGATGTATA
TaCWI-4A Hap-4A-C SNP F：AGGGCGTCCGACCAAAGTG
R：GCGACCTAGCGTGTATCAAGGAG		 4A [47]
Hap-4A-T
TaTGW6-4A
 TaTGW6-4Aa
 KASP
 F：ACGGGCCCGAGAGCGTCGCCTTC
R：TGTAGGGGCCTCGGCCCTGAGCGT		 4A
 [47]
TaTGW6-4Ab
 F：AGTGCACGGGCCCGAGAGCGTCG
R：TGTAGGGGCCTCGGCCCTGAGCGT
TaGW8-7B TaGW8-B1a STS F：CGCTCATCCATTCCTTCATCG
R：GCTATATGGGTTGGTGTCGC		 7BS [54]
TaGW8-B1b
TaFlo2-A1 TaFlo2-A1a InDel F：ACCCCTCCTCCGTTATCGTC
R：CCTCCTTCTTCTTGCGGTCG		 2AL [55]
TaFlo2-A1b
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