Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 94-99.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.014

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Effects of Base-Topdressing Ratio of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat

Zhang Suyu1,Huang Jie2,Yang Mingda3,Ma Shouchen4,Wang Hezhou5,Li Xiangdong1,Yang Cheng1,Zhang Deqi1,Fang Baoting1   

  1. 1 Wheat Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Biology of Henan Provincia/Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2 Seed Management Station of Wancheng District, Nanyang City, Henan Province, Nanyang 473000, Henan, China
    3 College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crop, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    4 School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
    5 Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-02-18 Revised:2019-06-11 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-08-06
  • Contact: Xiangdong Li

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Abstract:

Optimizing water and fertilizer management is of great significance for increasing wheat production efficiency and improving agricultural ecological environment. A barrel experiment was conducted under a fully automatic rain-proof shelter to investigate the effects of base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer and regulated deficit irrigation on water use efficiency and photosynthetic rate of wheat, which provided a basis for optimizing wheat water and nitrogen operation model. Four nitrogen base fertilizer and top-dressing ration were subjected to 10:0, 7:3, 5:5 and 3:7, respectively, which were noted as N10:0, N7:3, N5:5 and N3:7; two levels of water treatment: both re-greening-jointing stage and grain-filling-maturity stage for water deficit regulation, noted as D; normal water supply during the whole growth period, noted as N. The results showed that append nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage significantly increased the leaf area per stem at grain-filling stage. Under the same water condition, leaf area per stem among N7:3, N5:5 and N3:7 treatments progressively increased and significantly higher than that in N10:0treatment. Regulated deficit irrigation significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate of wheat uppermost unfolding leaves in N10:0 treatments at jointing stage; under the same water condition, N5:5 treatment had a higher photosynthetic rate from jointing to grain-filling. In addition, with the increase of nitrogen-dressing ratio, the photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and water use efficiency increased first and then decreased. Both Nitrogen and water deficit regulation significantly affected wheat yield and water use efficiency, and there existed a significant interaction effect on wheat yield. Regulated deficit irrigation combined with N5:5 nitrogen application treatment is the most reasonable combination based on the grain yield and the water use efficiency as well as other factors under the conditions of this experiment.

Key words: Wheat, Base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, Regulated deficit irrigation, Water use efficiency, Yield

Table 1

Leaf area per stem under different water and nitrogen treatments at grain-filling stage cm2"

氮肥处理
Nitrogen treatment		 水分处理
Water treatment		 单茎叶面积
Leaf area per stem
N10:0 D 69.03c
N 69.53c
N7:3 D 75.02b
N 75.70b
N5:5 D 78.43ab
N 79.23ab
N3:7 D 82.39a
N 84.98a
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment **
水分处理Water treatment *
交互作用Interaction *

Table 2

Photosynthesis rate under different water and nitrogen treatments μmol/(m2·s)"

氮肥处理
Nitrogen treatment		 水分处理
Water
treatment		 光合速率Photosynthesis rate
拔节期
Jointing		 灌浆期
Grain-filling
N10:0 D 12.60c 15.65c
N 15.40ab 15.20c
N7:3 D 14.05ab 16.95b
N 14.07ab 15.50c
N5:5 D 16.90a 18.15a
N 18.07a 17.80a
N3:7 D 14.47ab 16.90b
N 15.80ab 16.85b
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment * **
水分处理Water treatment * **
交互作用Interaction NS *

Table 3

Wheat yield and its components under different treatments"

氮肥处理
Nitrogen treatment		 水分处理
Water treatment		 穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
Kernel number per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(g/桶)
Yield (g/pot)
N10:0 D 28.00b 36.70c 47.85a 48.13c
N 27.67b 39.45ab 46.41a 50.57b
N7:3 D 29.00ab 40.50ab 45.32b 52.74ab
N 30.30a 41.23a 44.67bc 53.89a
N5:5 D 30.75a 40.00ab 45.04bc 54.20a
N 30.80a 39.41ab 44.14bc 55.50a
N3:7 D 29.80a 39.50ab 43.22c 49.66bc
N 30.00a 38.54ab 43.04c 46.93c
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment * NS ** **
水分处理Water treatment NS * ** *
交互作用Interaction NS * NS *

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on water consumption and water use efficiency"

氮肥处理
Nitrogen treatment		 水分处理
Water treatment		 耗水量(L/桶)
Water consumption (L/pot)		 WUELeaf (μmol CO2/mmol H2O) WUEY
(kg/m3)
拔节期Jointing 灌浆期Grain-filling
N10:0
 D 25.2c 9.5ab 4.1a 1.98ab
N 29.1a 8.3bc 3.1b 1.73bc
N7:3
 D 28.5c 10.9a 3.7ab 2.15a
N 31.8a 9.4ab 3.1b 1.92ab
N5:5
 D 29.9b 7.4c 4.2a 2.09a
N 33.4a 6.9c 3.7ab 1.66bc
N3:7
 D 28.8bc 7.7bc 3.6ab 2.01ab
N 32.2a 7.0c 3.7ab 1.51c
氮肥处理Nitrogen treatment * ** NS *
水分处理Water treatment ** * * **
交互作用Interaction NS NS NS NS
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