Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 106-111.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.03.017

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Effects of Sowing Dates on Yield of Baiyan 7 in Midwest of Heilongjiang Province

Wang Yonggang1,Ji Mingze1,Zhao Xuhan2,Yu Lihe1,Xue Yingwen1   

  1. 1 Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2 Service Department of Daqing Meteorological Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163316, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2018-12-06 Revised:2019-04-16 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Lihe Yu,Yingwen Xue

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of sowing date on the growth characteristics and yield of oats, six sowing dates were set up. The effects of different sowing dates on the growth process, morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of oats, and the correlation between climate factors and growth of oats under different sowing dates was analyzed. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date, the growth period of oats was shortened, tiller number decreased initially and then increased, plant height increased gradually, photosynthetic performance and leaf area index increased gradually in vegetative growth period, but decreased relatively in reproductive growth period. The photosynthetic potential decreased in all stages. The number of harvested panicles, 1000-grain weight and grain number per panicle decreased significantly, and grain yield showed a decreasing trend. Among the climatic factors, sunshine hours had the greatest impact on grain yield. When other factors remained unchanged, cumulative temperature increased by 1℃, grain yield decreased by 1.158kg/hm 2 accordingly; rainfall increased by 1mm, grain yield decreased by 0.738kg/hm 2accordingly; sunshine hours increased by 1h, grain yield increased by 24.101kg/hm 2 accordingly. In order to obtain high grain yield, the optimal sowing date of oats in Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province is around April 13.

Key words: Peel oat, Sowing date, Climate factors, Grain yield

Table 1

The effects of different sowing dates on the reproductive process of oat"

处理
Treatment		 生育期（月/日）Growth stage (Month/day) 出苗-抽穗期(d)
Seedling date-
heading stage		 抽穗期-成熟期(d)
Heading stage-
mature stage		 生育天数(d)
Growth days
播种期
Sowing
date		 出苗期
Seedling
date		 三叶期
Three-leaf
stage		 拔节期
Jointing
stage		 抽穗期
Heading
stage		 开花期
Flowering
period		 成熟期Mature
stage
PB1 4/13 4/25 5/11 5/25 6/02 6/11 7/16 50 44 94
PB2 4/20 4/30 5/17 5/28 6/08 6/13 7/23 49 45 94
PB3 4/27 5/05 5/20 6/03 6/14 6/19 7/27 47 44 91
PB4 5/04 5/13 5/25 6/05 6/19 6/23 8/01 46 43 89
PB5 5/11 5/17 5/30 6/13 6/22 6/26 8/05 46 40 86
PB6 5/18 5/25 6/05 6/19 6/30 7/03 8/07 43 38 81

Fig.1

Effects of different sowing dates on plant height of oat Different small letters indicate significant difference between treatments in the same growth stage. The same below"

Fig.2

Effects of different sowing dates on tiller number of oat"

Table 2

Effects of different sowing dates on photosynthetic characteristics of oat"

处理Treatment Pn [μmol CO2/(m2·s)] Gs [mol H2O/(m2·s)] Ci (μmol CO2/mol) Tr [mmol H2O/(m2·s)]
PB1 20.88±0.81a 0.82±0.03a 217.17±5.55c 3.76±0.14a
PB2 19.32±0.63a 0.75±0.06a 257.42±4.66bc 3.56±0.03ab
PB3 12.50±0.90b 0.30±0.06b 264.17±1.08bc 3.06±0.17b
PB4 10.28±0.19c 0.24±0.04bc 298.25±5.61ab 2.44±0.21c
PB5 9.65±0.65c 0.25±0.02bc 276.83±1.29bc 2.29±0.34c
PB6 9.38±0.24c 0.13±0.01c 340.92±3.53a 2.22±0.08c

Table 3

Effects of different sowing dates on LAI and photosynthetic potential of oat"

处理
Treatment		 叶面积指数Leaf area index 光合势Photosynthetic potential (m2·d)
拔节期
Jointing stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Mature stage		 拔节期-抽穗期
Jointing stage-heading stage		 抽穗期-成熟期
Heading stage-mature stage
PB1 0.57 4.46 2.57 43.95 116.84
PB2 0.60 3.65 2.35 47.47 82.59
PB3 0.69 2.93 2.03 34.96 55.42
PB4 1.01 3.44 2.23 41.57 88.74
PB5 1.34 3.85 2.01 32.36 103.87
PB6 1.38 3.94 2.06 40.19 100.26

Table 4

Yield and its components of oat under different sowing dates"

处理Treatment 收获穗数Number of spikelets (×104/hm2) 千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 穗粒数Grains per spike 子粒产量Grain yield (kg/hm2)
PB1 643a 34.42a 32.42ab 6 897.00a
PB2 600b 34.58a 32.63a 6 684.97a
PB3 584bc 33.78ab 29.27abc 5 288.03b
PB4 557cd 31.10bc 28.79bc 4 676.67bc
PB5 536d 29.32cd 27.18c 4 062.93c
PB6 530d 27.34d 21.53d 2 822.77d

Fig.3

Diurnal change of climate and environment in the growth process of oat"

Fig.4

Correlation analysis between observation days at different growth stages and climate simulation days X1 is the accumulated temperature of ≥0℃, X2 is the rainfall, and X3 is the sunshine duration"

Table 5

Correlation coefficient between meteorological factor and grain yield"

项目
Item		 ≥0℃积温(X1)
Accumulated temperature		 降雨量(X2)
Rainfall		 日照时数(X3)
Sunshine duration		 子粒产量(Y)
Grain yield
≥0℃积温(X1) Accumulated temperature (≥0℃) 1 0.66 -0.18 -0.24
降雨量(X2) Rainfall 1 -0.83* -0.87*
日照时数(X3) Sunshine duration -1 -0.98**
子粒产量(Y) Grain yield -1
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