Crops ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 107-112.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.016

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Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Drip Irrigation on Spring Maize in Northern Xinjiang

Wan Xiaoju1,2,Zhang Guoqiang1,2,Wang Keru2,Xie Ruizhi2,Shen Dongping1,2,Chen Jianglu4,Liu Chaowei1,3,Li Shaokun1,2   

  1. 1 Agronomy College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    3 Xihua Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China
    4 The Sixth Division of Agricultural Science Research Institute of Xinjiang, Wujiaqu 831300, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2019-02-13 Revised:2019-05-03 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-08-06
  • Contact: Chaowei Liu,Shaokun Li

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of mulching and drip irrigation on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic benefits of densely planted maize in northern Xinjiang. From 2017 to 2018, four irrigation modes were set up in Qitai Farm of Xinjiang to study the technical effects of drip irrigation under mulched, drip irrigation in open field, furrow irrigation under mulch and furrow irrigation in open field. The results showed that there were significant differences in maize yield, IWUE and economic benefits under different irrigation methods, which were as follows: drip irrigation under mulched>drip irrigation in open field>furrow irrigation under mulched >furrow irrigation in open field. In 2017, grain yields of drip irrigation under mulched, drip irrigation under open field and furrow irrigation under mulched compared with furrow irrigation increased by 36.8%, 27.8% and 16.8%, respectively. In 2018, under 600mm irrigation, the yields of drip irrigation under mulched, drip irrigation under open field and furrow irrigation under film mulching compared with furrow irrigation increased by 31.7%, 22.4% and 11.1%, respectively. In 900mm irrigation, the yields of each treatment increased by 20.7%, 14.2% and 7.3% respectively. From 2017 to 2018, yields and IWUE of drip irrigation increased by 16.9%-22.1% and the economic benefits increased 24.5%-35.3% compared with furrow irrigation and the yields and IWUE of film mulched increased by 7.8%-11.3% and the economic benefits increased 7.3%-13.0% compared with open field. Therefore, close planting combined with drip irrigation under mulched is conducive to high yield, IWUE and economic benefits in arid irrigation area, and drip irrigation under mulched is the best mode of maize production with high yield and high efficiency in this area.

Key words: Drip irrigation under mulch, Spring maize, Yield, Irrigation water use efficiency, Economic benefits

Table 1

Yield and yield components of spring maize in different irrigation methods"

年份Year 灌溉量(mm)
Irrigation amount		 处理
Treatment		 实际穗数(×104hm2)
Actual ears		 穗粒数
Grains per ear		 千粒重(g)
1000-kernel weight		 子粒产量(kg/hm2)
Grain yield
2017 W1 T1 8.79a 664.6a 467.3a 20 357.6a
T2 8.78a 656.7a 432.9b 19 019.0b
T3 8.79a 613.7b 406.1c 17 371.4c
CK 8.81a 578.4c 378.3d 14 876.4d
变异来源 灌溉方式Irrigation method ns ** ** **
Sources of variation 覆膜方式Film-mulched method ns ** ** **
灌溉×覆膜Irrigation×Film-mulched ns ** ** **
2018 W1 T1 11.63a 576.0a 487.0a 22 407.9a
T2 11.52a 530.7b 461.8b 20 822.5b
T3 11.33a 482.0c 446.8c 18 896.4c
CK 11.21a 442.7d 422.0d 17 013.7d
变异来源 灌溉方式Irrigation method ns * ** **
Sources of variation 覆膜方式Film-mulched method ns ** ** **
灌溉×覆膜Irrigation×Film-mulched ns * ** **
W2 T1 11.52a 573.0a 483.4a 22 089.3a
T2 11.46a 540.5b 466.0ab 20 905.3b
T3 11.40a 510.0c 454.9b 19 619.3c
CK 11.33a 479.0d 439.7c 18 299.8d
变异来源 灌溉方式Irrigation method ns * * **
Sources of variation 覆膜方式Film-mulched method ns ** ** **
灌溉×覆膜Irrigation×Film-mulched ns * * **

Fig.1

Irrigation water use efficiency for different irrigation methods in 2017-2018 T1, T2, T3, and CK represent drip irrigation under mulched, open field-drip irrigation, film-mulched furrow irrigation, and open field-furrow irrigation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level between treatments; Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.01 level between treatments"

"

项目Item 滴灌Drip irrigation 沟灌Furrow irrigation
覆膜
Film-mulched		 露地
Open field		 覆膜
Film-mulched		 露地
Open field
机械作业 犁地Plough 375.0 375.0 375.0 375.0
Mechanical operation 整地Soil preparation 375.0 375.0 375.0 375.0
播种Sowing 450.0 450.0 450.0 450.0
芽前喷药(化学除草) Spray before budding (chemical weeding) - 75.0 - 75.0
苗期喷药(化学除草) Spraying in seedling stage (chemical weeding) 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0
喷药化控Spraying control 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0
中耕(2次) Intertill (twice) 225.0 225.0 225.0 225.0
225.0 225.0 225.0 225.0
收割Reap 1 050.0 1 050.0 1 050.0 1 050.0
拉运Roping 577.5 577.5 577.5 577.5
粉碎秸杆Crush straw 225.0 225.0 225.0 225.0
机械清理地膜Mechanical cleaning film 450.0 - 450.0 -
种子Seed 种子Seed 1 950.0 1 950.0 1 950.0 1 950.0
肥料Fertilizer 磷酸二铵DAP 990.0 990.0 990.0 990.0
尿素Urea 780.0 780.0 780.0 780.0
钾肥Potassic fertilizer 675.0 675.0 675.0 675.0
灌溉Irrigation 机井折旧Lifting of depreciation 450.0 450.0 450.0 450.0
600mm水电费600mm water and electricity 1 350.0 1 350.0 1 350.0 1 350.0
900mm水电费900mm water and electricity 2 025.0 2 025.0 2 025.0 2 025.0
滴灌设备Drip irrigation equipment 825.0 825.0 - -
开沟Ditching - - 150.0 150.0
农药Pesticide 农药Pesticide 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0
地膜Mulching 地膜Mulching 612.0 - 612.0 -
保险Insurance 保险Insurance 534.0 534.0 534.0 534.0
雇工Hier hand 辅助播种Auxiliary sowing 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0
辅助施肥Auxiliary fertilizer 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0
辅助收获Auxiliary reap 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5

"

年份
Year		 灌溉量(mm)
Irrigation amount		 灌溉方式
Irrigation method		 产值
Value of output		 生产成本
Produce cost		 经济效益
Economic benefit		 产投比
Ratio of outputs and inputs
2017 W1 T1 3.26 1.27 1.99a 1.57
T2 3.04 1.17 1.88b 1.61
T3 2.78 1.20 1.58c 1.32
CK 2.38 1.10 1.28d 1.16
变异来源 灌溉Irrigation ** - ** -
Sources of variation 覆膜Film-mulched ** - ** -
灌溉×覆膜
Irrigation×Film-mulched		 * - * -
2018 W1 T1 3.59 1.27 2.32a 1.83
T2 3.33 1.17 2.16b 1.85
T3 3.02 1.20 1.82c 1.52
CK 2.72 1.10 1.62d 1.47
变异来源 灌溉Irrigation ** - ** -
Sources of variation 覆膜Film-mulched ** - ** -
灌溉×覆膜
Irrigation×Film-mulched		 * - * -
W2 T1 3.53 1.33 2.20a 1.65
T2 3.35 1.24 2.11a 1.71
T3 3.14 1.27 1.87b 1.48
CK 2.93 1.17 1.76c 1.51
变异来源 灌溉Irrigation ** - ** -
Sources of variation 覆膜Film-mulched ** - ** -
灌溉×覆膜
Irrigation×Film-mulched		 ns - ns -
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