Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 104-108.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.06.014

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Effects of Different Maize Straw Returning Modeson Occurrence of Main Diseases of Maize

Dong Huaiyu1(), Dong Zhi2, Liu Kejie1, Wang Lijuan1, Liu Peibin1, Hou Zhiyan2()   

  1. 1Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
    2Institute of Tillage and Cultivation, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2020-03-12 Revised:2020-05-20 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Hou Zhiyan E-mail:donghy618@163.com;houzhiyan@163.com

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Abstract:

During 2017-2019, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of different ways of maize straw returning on the occurrence of major diseases of maize in Liaoning spring maize production area. In comparison with traditional rotary tillage without returning, the results showed significant differences: returning by straw mulching was the most beneficial to the occurrence of maize diseases, the incidence rate of stalk rot, ear rot and leaf blight of maize increased by 68.77%, 20.01% and 39.54%, respectively; returning by straw smashing and rotary tillage was more beneficial to the occurrence of major diseases of maize, the incidence rate of leaf blight and stalk rot of maize increased by 16.84% and 48.20%; returning by composting of straw outside the field could effectively reduce the occurrence of soil borne diseases such as stalk rot and ear rot of maize, the incidence rate of stalk rot and ear rot of maize decreased by 41.66% and 30.00%. Moreover, the different cultivation patterns for straw returning could have a certain superimposed effect on the occurrence of major diseases of maize: no-tillage exacerbated the occurrence of disease, while deep ploughing could moderately reduce the occurrence of disease. It has been seen that straw returning directly, especially mulching returning, was beneficial to the occurrence of major diseases of maize. However, returning of the straw to the field after full decomposition can effectively reduced the occurrence of the main diseases of maize, especially the stalk rot and ear rot.

Key words: Maize, Straw, Returning mode, Disease

Table 1

Straw treatment methods of different straw return modes"

还田模式Returning mode 秸秆处理方法Straw treatment methods
SCR 秋季机械收获时秸秆全部粉碎覆盖地表,碎段长度≤10cm/半量秸秆粉碎覆盖还田（0.5SCR）是在此基础上用
秸秆打包机打包50%的秸秆,移出田外。
SDPR 秋季机械收获时秸秆粉碎至≤10cm的碎段,并于上冻前用五铧犁深翻至25~35cm土壤中。
SHMR 秋季机械收获时秸秆全部粉碎,碎段长度≤10cm并喷撒于地表,用联合整地机械将秸秆碎段混拌于0~40cm土层中。
SDDPR 秋季机械收获时秸秆粉碎至≤10cm的碎段,收拢并堆置于田外预备的规格为长20m×宽1m×深0.4m的坑内
覆膜压实腐解,覆膜前可喷施适宜的腐解菌[施用的腐解菌株有朝阳菌株（Cy）、辉山菌株（Hs）和农科菌株（Nk）]、尿素（N）和适量的水（W）,播种前以9 000kg/hm2秸秆量深翻还田。秋季堆置腐解于11月份
进行;春季堆置腐解于3月中下旬进行且腐解期应达35d以上。
HSR 秋季机械收获时高留茬35~45cm,上部秸秆全部粉碎至≤10cm的碎段并喷撒于地表。

Table 2

Effects of different straw returning modes on the occurrence of maize leaf diseases"

年份
Year		 地点及品种
Location
and variety		 秸秆还田
模式
Straw returning
mode		 玉米大斑病
Leaf blight of maize
平均病级
Average
disease grade		 病情指数
Disease
index
2017-2018 阜蒙桃李 SCR+NT 1.75 19.48
（双乐68） SDPR+FP 1.75 19.40
CK+FP 1.26 13.96
2018-2019 沈北新区 SCR+NT 5.00 55.56
（辽单575） SHMR+NT 4.88 54.25
SDPR+FP 4.24 47.08
CK+FP 4.18 46.43

Table 3

Effect of different straw treatment on main diseases of maize Liaodan 575"

秸秆还田模式
Straw returning mode		 茎腐病发病率
Incidence rate of stalk rot (%)		 大斑病Leaf blight of maize
平均病级
Average disease grade		 病情指数
Disease index
HSR+NT 9.52 5.55 61.62
SCR+NT 13.13 5.39 59.91
0.5SCR+NT 8.24 4.99 54.12
SHMR+NT 11.11 4.85 53.91
SDPR+FP 6.25 4.76 52.93
CK+NT 7.78 4.76 52.87

Table 4

Effects of different straw returning modes on the occurrence of stalk rot and ear rot of maize Shuangle 68"

秸秆还田模式
Straw returning mode		 茎腐病发病率
Incidence rate of stalk rot (%)		 穗腐病Ear of maize
平均病级Average disease grade 病情指数Disease index 发病率Incidence rate (%)
SCR+NT 51.67 2.33 25.93 40.00
SDPR+FP 40.00 2.27 25.25 36.67
SDDPR（W）+FP 41.00 2.43 26.98 43.33
SDDPR（Hs）+FP 29.00 2.40 26.67 33.33
SDDPR（Cy）+FP 18.67 1.77 19.66 23.33
CK+DPFP 25.67 2.67 29.63 20.00
CK+FP 32.00 3.60 40.00 33.33

Table 5

Effects of different straw smashing and decomposing treatment on maize stalk rot（Shuangle 68）"

处理
Treatment		 秋Autumn 春Spring 常规旋耕Rotary
tillage
朝阳菌株(Cy)
Chaoyang strain(Cy)		 农科菌株(Nk)
Nongke strain(Nk)		 辉山菌株(Hs)
Huishan strain(Hs)		 清水Water 辉山菌株(Hs)
Huishan strain (Hs)		 清水
Water
+N -N +N -N +N -N +N -N
发病率Incidence rate (%) 3.96 5.05 5.93 8.82 6.12 5.66 12.37 3.16 6.86 11.38 11.61
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