Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 96-102.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.014

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Effects of Nitrate Nitrogen and Ammonium Nitrogen Ratio on the Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Millet Seedlings

Fan Duanyang1(), Yin Meiqiang1(), Wen Yinyuan1(), Guo Zhiyao1, Wen Yanjie1, Wang Yuqi1, Sun Min1,2, Gao Zhiqiang1,2   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
    2Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2022-07-11 Revised:2022-07-30 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-22

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Abstract:

The study was carried out by pot experiment and irrigating nutrient solution with “Jingu 21” as the experimental materials. The experiment set five nitrogen form ratios based on the total nitrogen level (5mmol/L), which used nitrogen-free nutrient solution treatment as control. The effects of different nitrogen forms on millet seedling growth, key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the control, nitrogen application could significantly promote the growth of shoots and roots, key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen utilization of millet seedlings, and reached the maximum in the ammonium nitrate ratio 50%:50%. Compared with single application of nitrogen source, applying nitrate and ammonium mixed nitrogen sources significantly increased the growth of root and GOGAT activity in millet seedlings. Compared with the treatment of ammonium nitrogen ratio above 50%, the treatment of nitrate nitrogen ratio above 50% was more beneficial to the growth of shoots, NR and GS activities, nitrogen efficiency of millet seedlings. Comprehensive analysis of membership function showed that, the mixed nitrogen source was more beneficial to the growth of millet seedlings than the single nitrogen source, and the effect was the best under the ammonium nitrate ratio 50%:50%.

Key words: Millet seedlings, Nitrogen forms, Key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen utilization

Fig.1

The phenotypic characteristics of millet seedlings with combined application of different forms of nitrogen"

Table 1

Effects of combined application of different forms of nitrogen on growth of millet seedlings"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 叶面积
Leaf area (cm2)		 地上部干重
Dry weight of shoot (g)		 地下部干重
Dry weight of root (mg)		 根冠比
Ratio of root to shoot
CK 5.48±0.31e 1.06±0.03e 1.07±0.09d 0.06±0.01d 16.08±1.20e 0.30±0.02a
T1 20.06±1.12c 1.73±0.14b 4.60±0.40bc 0.16±0.01bc 25.53±0.76c 0.16±0.00b
T2 22.12±1.15b 1.88±0.05a 5.39±0.36ab 0.20±0.01a 27.34±0.69ab 0.14±0.01b
T3 23.32±0.46a 1.87±0.08a 5.91±0.88a 0.20±0.01a 27.84±1.01a 0.14±0.00b
T4 19.02±0.25c 1.58±0.04c 4.20±0.44c 0.16±0.02b 26.10±1.21bc 0.16±0.02b
T5 17.42±0.32d 1.43±0.02d 4.23±0.72c 0.14±0.01c 23.91±1.34d 0.17±0.00b

Fig.2

The root of millet seedlings with combined application of different forms of nitrogen"

Table 2

Effects of combined application of different forms of nitrogen on root morphology of millet seedlings"

处理
Treatment		 根长
Root length
(cm)		 根投影面积
Projected area
of root (cm2)		 根表面积
Surface area
of root (cm2)		 根体积
Root volume
(cm3)		 根平均直径
Average diameter
of root (mm)		 根尖数
Number of
root tips		 分枝数
Number of
forks
CK 176.56±5.39d 2.09±0.09d 6.57±0.28d 0.02±0.00d 0.12±0.00c 1504.00±60.34c 793.67±57.91d
T1 186.68±16.40d 2.43±0.20d 8.12±0.38c 0.03±0.01c 0.14±0.00b 1774.67±105.09b 1062.33±53.11c
T2 202.87±7.92c 2.96±023bc 9.62±0.40b 0.04±0.00b 0.15±0.01ab 1755.33±94.79b 1203.33±62.26b
T3 274.58±9.65a 4.04±0.33a 12.70±1.02a 0.05±0.00a 0.16±0.01a 2281.00±113.93a 1437.33±56.17a
T4 221.40±11.92b 3.11±0.50b 10.11±1.11b 0.03±0.00c 0.15±0.01ab 2146.67±121.43a 1275.33±76.93b
T5 184.93±5.14d 2.58±0.45cd 8.10±1.41c 0.03±0.00c 0.14±0.01b 1775.33±105.84b 997.00±68.17c

Fig.3

Effects of combined application of different forms of nitrogen on the enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism in millet seedlings Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.4

Effects of combined application of different forms of nitrogen on the nitrogen utilization of millet seedlings"

Table 3

Subordination function values of the indexes of millet seedlings under the combined application of different forms of nitrogen"

处理Treatment CK T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
株高Plant height 0.00 0.82 0.93 1.00 0.76 0.67
茎粗Stem diameter 0.00 0.81 1.00 0.99 0.64 0.45
叶面积Leaf area 0.00 0.73 0.89 1.00 0.65 0.65
地上部干重Dry weight of shoot 0.00 0.73 1.00 1.00 0.77 0.62
地下部干重Dry weight of root 0.00 0.80 0.96 1.00 0.85 0.67
根冠比Ratio of root to shoot 1.00 0.14 0.00 0.02 0.13 0.18
根长Root length 0.00 0.10 0.27 1.00 0.46 0.09
根投影面积Projected area of root 0.00 0.18 0.44 1.00 0.52 0.25
根表面积Surface area of root 0.00 0.25 0.50 1.00 0.58 0.25
根体积Root volume 0.00 0.41 0.75 1.00 0.48 0.32
根平均直径Average diameter of root 0.00 0.66 0.71 1.00 0.88 0.61
根尖数Number of root tips 0.00 0.35 0.32 1.00 0.83 0.35
分枝数Number of forks 0.00 0.42 0.64 1.00 0.75 0.32
硝酸还原酶NR 0.00 0.41 0.59 1.00 0.45 0.19
谷氨酰胺合成酶GS 0.00 0.72 0.91 1.00 0.70 0.49
谷氨酸合成酶GOGAT 0.00 0.30 0.77 1.00 0.54 0.18
地上部氮含量Nitrogen content of shoot 0.00 0.78 0.95 1.00 0.68 0.51
地下部氮含量Nitrogen content of root 0.00 0.63 0.84 1.00 0.60 0.33
地上部氮素累积量Nitrogen accumulation of shoot 0.00 0.65 0.97 1.00 0.61 0.44
地下部氮素累积量Nitrogen accumulation of root 0.00 0.63 0.86 1.00 0.62 0.38
地上部氮素生理利用效率Physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen on shoot 1.00 0.08 0.02 0.00 0.13 0.24
地下部氮素生理利用效率Physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen on root 1.00 0.23 0.07 0.00 0.23 0.48
氮转运系数Nitrogen transport coefficient 0.00 1.00 0.91 0.76 0.76 0.93
平均值Average 0.13 0.51 0.67 0.86 0.59 0.42
顺序Order 6 4 2 1 3 5
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