Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 157-162.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.023

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Effects of Topping Period and Number of Remained Leaves on Growth and Development of Upper Leaves of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Shandong Province

Han Yuhuan(), Liu Chen, Yang Long, Yu Tao()   

  1. Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-01-20 Revised:2022-07-25 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-11

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of topping period and numbers of remained leaves on the growth and development of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Shandong province, Zhongyan 100 was used as material, and six different topping periods and number of remained leaves treatments were set up to analyze the agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, senescence characteristics, chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves, sensory smoking quality and economic traits of upper leaves. The results showed that, more remained leaves in the same topping period were beneficial to inhibit the strong photosynthetic capacity of upper leaves in the later stage of maturity. Treatment of 18 and 20 remained leaves were beneficial to the opening of upper leaves. In the later stage, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and NR were lower, and the activity of NI was higher, which could promote the yellowing of upper leaves, coordinate the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves, and have good economic traits. The treatment with 20 remained leaves for the first flower topping and 18 leaves for the full flower topping had better quality. Under the same remained leaves level, the length-width ratio of topping tobacco with first flower was appropriate, the leaf area was larger and the opening of leaves was better, which was conductive to improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves. In generally, the treatment of topping with first flower and 20 leaves remained had better agronomic characteristics, coordinated chemical composition and sensory quality.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Topping period, Numbers of remained leaves, Upper leaves, Growth and development, Quality

Table 1

Topping time and remained leaf numbers of each treatment"

处理Treatment 试验设计Experimental design
T1 初花期打顶，留16片叶
T2 初花期打顶，留18片叶
T3 初花期打顶，留20片叶
T4 盛花期打顶，留16片叶
T5 盛花期打顶，留18片叶
T6 盛花期打顶，留20片叶

Table 2

Effects of topping period and remained leaf number on agronomic traits of upper tobacco leaves"

处理
Treatment		 叶长
Leaf length
(cm)		 叶宽
Leaf width
(cm)		 长宽比
Length-width
ratio		 叶面积
Leaf area
(cm2)
T1 52.10±0.75c 24.43±0.44b 2.13±0.06ab 807.41±10.29bc
T2 60.17±0.93a 29.93±0.68a 2.01±0.04b 1143.12±37.47a
T3 58.27±2.78ab 29.20±2.49a 2.01±0.09b 1088.09±146.21a
T4 45.87±1.14d 19.47±1.64c 2.38±0.17a 568.52±59.48c
T5 52.33±0.71c 23.93±0.86b 2.19±0.06ab 795.33±37.21bc
T6 54.17±1.75bc 26.30±1.48ab 2.07±0.07b 906.69±75.78ab

Table 3

Effects of topping period and remained leaf number on photosynthetic characteristics of upper tobacco leaves"

处理
Treatment		 Pn
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
[mol/(m2·s)]		 Ci
(μmol/mol)
T1 10.23±0.35a 3.91±0.11a 0.23±0.01a 254.93±1.97b
T2 9.93±0.34a 3.83±0.39a 0.22±0.02ab 265.00±4.83b
T3 8.50±0.15b 3.06±0.16b 0.18±0.01b 279.07±3.90a
T4 10.03±0.12a 3.46±0.10ab 0.22±0.01ab 255.93±4.98b
T5 9.70±0.25a 3.57±0.28ab 0.20±0.01ab 257.43±3.53b
T6 8.55±0.34b 3.10±0.08b 0.18±0.01b 277.70±4.30a

Table 4

Effects of topping time and remained leaf number on protective enzyme activities and MDA content of upper leaves"

处理
Treatment		 SOD活性
SOD activity
[U/(g?min)]		 POD活性
POD activity
(U/g)		 CAT活性
CAT activity
[U/(g?min)]		 MDA含量
MDA content
(mmol/g)
T1 245.62±9.53a 268.69±2.61a 255.70±4.04a 56.36±0.56c
T2 239.99±9.37a 243.26±5.97b 237.21±6.72ab 59.18±0.90bc
T3 212.85±11.39b 212.60±8.21c 206.48±4.32c 69.70±1.02a
T4 241.11±5.46a 267.34±7.34a 237.03±7.67ab 57.05±1.95c
T5 226.57±3.59ab 260.89±4.57ab 232.44±8.06b 61.75±2.23b
T6 223.34±3.44ab 214.80±9.79c 210.87±3.71c 66.41±1.15a

Table 5

Effects of topping period and remained leaf number on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of upper tobacco leaves"

处理
Treatment		 NR活性
Nitrate reductase
activity (U/g)		 α淀粉酶活性
Alpha amylase
activity (U/g)		 β淀粉酶活性
Beta amylase
activity (U/g)		 总淀粉酶活性
Total amylase
activity (U/g)		 NI活性
Neutral invertase
activity (U/g)		 蔗糖含量
Sucrose content
(μmol/g)
T1 0.18±0.02ab 2.47±0.07c 9.36±0.44b 11.83±0.43b 46.94±0.75bc 92.25±1.21bc
T2 0.15±0.02bc 2.95±0.06a 11.15±0.47ab 14.09±0.44a 53.82±1.29a 89.48±1.07cd
T3 0.11±0.01c 3.04±0.08a 12.02±1.02a 15.06±1.10a 56.71±1.54a 88.41±1.31d
T4 0.21±0.01a 2.39±0.11c 9.40±0.62b 11.79±0.73b 46.21±0.66c 94.91±0.69ab
T5 0.13±0.01c 2.83±0.05ab 10.39±0.46ab 13.23±0.51ab 50.30±0.68b 92.20±0.87bc
T6 0.11±0.01c 2.56±0.13bc 9.00±0.73b 11.56±0.66b 48.16±1.17bc 96.19±0.67a

Table 6

Effects of topping period and remained leaf number on chemical component of upper tobacco leaves"

处理Treatment 烟碱Nicotine (%) 还原糖Reducing sugar (%) 总糖Total sugar (%) 糖碱比Sugar/alkaloid 两糖比Reducing sugar/total sugar
T1 3.00±0.12a 28.24±0.58b 34.48±0.33a 9.44±0.17b 0.82±0.01b
T2 2.79±0.05b 30.98±1.00a 34.64±0.38a 11.11±0.35a 0.89±0.02a
T3 2.59±0.04c 30.54±0.50a 33.87±0.41ab 11.82±0.37a 0.90±0.02a
T4 2.87±0.05ab 28.05±0.58b 31.80±0.29c 9.78±0.14b 0.88±0.01a
T5 2.60±0.04c 29.20±0.41ab 32.83±0.29bc 11.25±0.28a 0.89±0.01a
T6 2.43±0.03c 27.69±0.58b 33.42±0.79ab 11.41±0.26a 0.83±0.01b

Table 7

Effects of topping period and remained leaf number on sensory quality of upper tobacco leaves"

处理
Treatment		 香气质
Aroma quality (18)		 香气量
Aroma quantity (16)		 杂气
Miscellaneous (16)		 刺激性
Irritating (20)		 余味
After taste (22)		 燃烧性
Flammability (4)		 灰色
Grey (4)		 合计
Total (100)
T1 16.13±0.15b 14.10±0.06b 14.53±0.09a 16.43±0.03a 16.50±0.06c 4.00±0.00a 4.00±0.00a 85.27±0.15b
T2 16.77±0.18a 14.47±0.03a 14.30±0.06a 16.63±0.12a 17.43±0.19a 4.00±0.00a 4.00±0.00a 87.60±0.21a
T3 16.60±0.10a 14.33±0.12ab 14.33±0.13a 16.43±0.24a 17.17±0.15ab 4.00±0.00a 4.00±0.00a 86.87±0.46a
T4 16.10±0.10b 14.13±0.03b 14.37±0.09a 16.20±0.15a 16.47±0.03c 4.00±0.00a 4.00±0.00a 85.27±0.20b
T5 15.97±0.12b 14.13±0.03b 14.30±0.12a 16.30±0.12a 16.90±0.12b 4.00±0.00a 4.00±0.00a 85.60±0.31b
T6 15.90±0.12b 14.27±0.09ab 14.23±0.09a 16.37±0.09a 16.90±0.12b 4.00±0.00a 4.00±0.00a 85.67±0.09b

Table 8

Effects of topping period and remained leaf number on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco"

处理
Treatment		 上中等烟比例
Superior and secondary
tobacco rate (%)		 上等烟比例
Superior
tobacco rate (%)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 均价（元/kg）
Average price
(yuan/kg)		 产值（元/hm2）
Output value
(yuan/hm2)
T1 94.83±0.41b 35.61±0.54b 2570.43±56.45b 27.35±0.58b 70 303.33±2040.45c
T2 95.16±0.23ab 38.82±0.44a 2754.85±20.59a 29.82±0.97ab 82 112.81±2085.48ab
T3 96.76±0.27a 39.11±1.11a 2715.42±28.46a 30.90±0.81a 83 925.37±2688.23a
T4 93.70±0.47bc 35.73±0.60b 2561.23±22.92b 27.25±0.64b 69 770.54±1445.73c
T5 94.16±0.76bc 36.81±0.65ab 2658.70±40.57ab 28.54±0.47ab 75 910.53±2286.78bc
T6 92.92±0.80c 37.10±0.79ab 2638.25±35.35ab 28.48±0.98ab 75 186.92±3471.88bc
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