Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 186-193.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.025

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Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resistant Enzymes in Coffee Leaves under Different Levels of Leaf Rust Damage

Fu Xingfei1,2(), Li Yaqi1, Yu Haohao1, Li Guiping1, Bi Xiaofei1, Li Yanan1, Hu Faguang1(), Tai Jie3   

  1. 1Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000,Yunnan, China
    2Baoshan Longyang District Zuoyuan Coffee Co., Ltd., Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
    3Baoshan Longyang Economic Crop Technology Promotion Station, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2024-02-27 Revised:2024-04-11 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes of Coffea arabica after infected by leaf rust, the leaf defoliation rate (LF), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthetic parameters, and four stress resistant enzyme activities were measured to analyze the effects of different levels of coffee leaf rust on physiological defoliation, photosynthesis, and stress resistance of coffee leaves under eight levels of leaf rust. The results showed that the LF increased with the increase of coffee leaf rust infection area, and SPAD first increased and then decreased with the increase of leaf rust infection area. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate of coffee leaves (Tr) were the highest at damage level III. The intercellular CO2 molar fraction of coffee leaves was highest at damage level VII. The water use efficiency (EWU) was highest at hazard level 0, and there was no significant difference between it and hazard level I, but it was significantly higher than levels II-VII. The light energy utilization efficiency (LUE) of hazard level IV was the highest, which was not significantly different from hazard levels II and III, but significantly higher than the other five hazard levels. The change in superoxide dismutase activity was not significant in hazard levels 0-VI. After being infected with coffee leaf rust, the activity of peroxidase could be increased to a certain extent; chitinase (CHT) and β-1, 3-glucanase (β-1, 3-GA) activities of all increased first and then decreased with the increase of hazard level. The activities of CHT, β-1, 3-GA were highest at hazard level III. Comprehensive analysis showed that under hazard level III, coffee leaves had higher photosynthesis and stress resistance, with relatively fewer fallen leaves.

Key words: Leaf rust, Fallen leaf rate, Photosynthetic characteristics, Resistant enzyme, Coffea arabica

Fig.1

Classification standard for the harm level of leaf rust disease"

Fig.2

Coffee fallen leaf rate under different damage levels Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05. The same below."

Fig.3

SPAD under different damage levels"

Table 1

Photosynthetic parameters of coffee leaves under different damage levels"

危害等级
Damage level		 Pn
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
[mol/(m2·s)]		 Ci
(μmol/mol)		 Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 EWU
(mmol/mol)		 LUE
(mol/mmol)
0 9.50±1.88cd 0.08±0.01c 230.90±27.27c 1.43±0.23c 6.82±1.28a 1.14±0.26bc
Ⅰ 15.58±2.14ab 0.14±0.03b 223.78±21.09c 3.17±0.53b 5.31±0.55ab 1.51±0.17bc
Ⅱ 14.75±2.14bc 0.16±0.02b 243.00±27.88c 3.73±0.49b 4.34±0.72bc 1.56±0.33abc
Ⅲ 20.65±3.48a 0.23±0.03a 267.44±27.04bc 5.56±0.48a 4.02±0.78bc 1.88±0.24ab
Ⅳ 11.74±2.13bc 0.14±0.01b 273.60±19.55bc 3.96±0.40b 2.89±0.44cd 3.33±1.62a
Ⅴ 11.49±1.51bcd 0.13±0.02b 252.70±21.44c 3.77±0.46b 3.20±0.45cd 1.14±0.21bc
Ⅵ 6.08±1.16d 0.13±0.02b 326.44±13.05b 4.23±0.46b 1.52±0.25de 0.48±0.10bc
Ⅶ 0.20±0.10e 0.13±0.01b 438.00±12.22a 4.15±0.37b 0.05±0.03e 0.02±0.01c

Fig.4

SOD activity at different damage levels"

Fig.5

POD activity at different damage levels"

Fig.6

CHT activity at different damage levels"

Fig.7

β-1, 3-GA activity at different damage levels"

Fig.8

Correlation analysis between photosynthesis and various indicators of stress resistant enzymes in coffee leaves “*”indicates significant correlation at P < 0.05 level."

Table 2

Comprehensive scores of coffee leaves at different damage levels"

危害等级
Damage
level		 主成分得分
Score of principal components		 综合得分
Comprehensive
score		 排序
Rank
PC1 PC2
0 1.17 -3.99 -0.65 6
Ⅰ 1.56 -0.85 0.53 4
Ⅱ 1.73 0.16 0.96 2
Ⅲ 1.93 2.94 1.94 1
Ⅳ 1.19 1.03 0.95 3
Ⅴ -0.21 0.20 -0.04 5
Ⅵ -2.11 0.47 -0.95 7
Ⅶ -5.23 0.03 -2.74 8
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