Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 19-28.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.003

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Effects of Corn-Peanut-Foxtail Millet Rotation on Soil Microecology, Yield, and Benefits in Sandy Saline-Alkali Lands of Jilin Province

Zhu Jianguo1(), Cui Zhengguo2, Zhang Bo3, Wang Xueduan4, Zhang Yueming1, Lü Xiaofei1, Wang Hongyu1, Li Qiuzhu1(), Cui Jinhu1()   

  1. 1 College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
    2 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
    3 Tongyu Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Station, Baicheng 137200, Jilin, China
    4 Tongyu Plant Protection and Phytosanitary Station, Baicheng 137200, Jilin, China
  • Received:2023-12-20 Revised:2024-04-25 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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Abstract:

Exploring the influence of different cropping patterns on crop yield and benefits in sandy saline-alkali areas of western Jilin Province is of great significance for maintaining the soil micro-ecological balance and the sustainable development of agriculture in this area. Field positioning experiments were conducted. Two cropping patterns, corn-peanut-foxtail millet rotation (CR) and corn continuous cropping (CC), were adopted to analyze the differences in the abundance, diversity and structure of soil microbial communities in different plough layers of rotated corn and continuously cropped corn, as well as the differences in corn yield and economic benefits. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil fungi between CR and CC treatments. The bacterial community in 0-20 cm soil layer was more complex than that in 20-40 cm soil layer. Compared with CC treatment, CR treatment in 0-20 cm soil layer increased the richness and diversity of bacterial community. In 0-40 cm soil layer, the Chao1 index of CR treatment increased by 22% on average, and compared with CC treatment, CR treatment formed a relatively unique bacterial community structure. The yield of maize in CR treatment was significantly increased by 32% compared with CC treatment. The economic benefits of CR treatment were better than those of CC treatment. Crop rotation changed the original composition and distribution of bacterial communities, and increased the number of beneficial microorganisms. The rotation pattern achieved higher economic benefits by improving land use efficiency. The crop diversification cropping pattern could improve the inter-annual yield stability, reflecting the significant potential of large-scale agricultural production in coping with extreme climate.

Key words: Corn, Crop rotation, Saline-alkali area, Cultivated soil, Soil microorganisms, High-throughput sequencing

Fig.1

Rarefaction curve of soil bacteria (a) and fungi (b) in different treatments at 97% similarity level CC_1, CC_2, and CC_3 represent three replicates of CC1; CC_4, CC_5, and CC_6 represent three replicates of CC2; CR_1, CR_2, and CR_3 represent three replicates of CR1; CR_4, CR_5, and CR_6 represents three replicates of CR2."

Fig.2

Venn diagram of OTU shared by bacteria (a, c) and fungi (b, d) in different soil treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same below."

Table 1

α-diversity indices of microbial communities in different treatments"

微生物
Microbial		 处理
Treatment		 Chao1指数
Chao1 index		 香农指数
Shannon index		 PD全树
PD whole tree		 覆盖度
Coverage		 辛普森指数
Simpson index
细菌Bacteria CC1 8923.41±961.96ab 11.05±0.16a 628.22±37.69a 0.94±0.01ab 1.00±0.00a
CR1 10 975.99±599.73a 11.02±0.10a 640.96±14.02a 0.92±0.01b 1.00±0.00a
CC2 7511.89±242.42b 10.14±0.07b 465.64±36.62b 0.95±0.00a 1.00±0.00a
CR2 9006.80±2106.66ab 10.39±0.37b 511.29±88.02b 0.94±0.02ab 1.00±0.00a
真菌Fungi CC1 1267.67±51.96a 5.95±0.49a 197.35±9.56a 1.00±0.00a 0.94±0.04a
CR1 1141.03±54.77ab 5.41±0.82a 191.61±1.69a 1.00±0.00a 0.91±0.07a
CC2 1051.44±212.41ab 6.25±0.36a 195.65±31.37a 1.00±0.00a 0.96±0.01a
CR2 927.14±95.59b 6.31±0.60a 185.83±21.53a 1.00±0.00a 0.96±0.02a

Fig.3

Principal component analysis of soil bacteria (a) and fungi (b) under different treatments"

Fig.4

Relative abundance of soil bacterial communities (a) and fungal communities (b)based on phylum level for different treatments"

Table 2

Relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla in different treatments %"

细菌菌门Bacterial phylum CC2 CR2 CC1 CR1
放线菌门Actinobacteria 36.53 32.84 35.04 29.60
变形菌门Proteobacteria 19.26 19.08 24.61 25.80
酸杆菌门Acidobacteria 14.87 17.27 13.09 15.41
芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadetes 9.48 9.96 4.81 6.10
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi 7.70 7.38 9.08 8.56
硝化螺旋菌门Nitrospirae 4.08 5.30 2.30 2.51
厚壁菌门Firmicutes 1.79 1.45 3.21 3.43
浮霉菌门Planctomycetes 1.37 1.06 1.89 1.90
未知菌门Unidentified 1.27 1.47 1.96 1.54
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia 0.72 0.69 0.79 1.06
拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes 0.71 0.85 1.41 2.17

Table 3

Relative abundance of dominant fungal phylum in different treatments %"

真菌菌门Fungal phylum CC2 CR2 CC1 CR1
子囊菌门Ascomycota 68.5 79.03 73.61 88.25
担子菌门Basidiomycota 25.42 11.43 22.54 9.02
被孢霉门Mortierellomycota 3.69 4.73 1.76 1.61
未知菌门Unidentified 2.11 2.37 1.94 1.00
虫霉门Entomophthoromycota 0.00 2.25 0.01 0.07
壶菌门Chytridiomycota 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03
球囊菌门Glomeromycota 0.23 0.04 0.09 0.01
丝足虫门Cercozoa 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.00
梳霉菌门Kickxellomycota 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00

Table 4

Crop yield and stability under different treatments"

种植方式Cropping pattern 作物Crop 平均产量Ya (kg/hm2) 最高产量Maximum yield (kg/hm2) 变异系数CV (%) 稳定性系数SYI
连作Continuous 玉米 9999 10 556 3.71 0.90
轮作Rotation 玉米 13 206 13 660 2.29 0.94
花生 3038 3438 8.77 0.77
谷子 4792 5761 13.48 0.67

Table 5

Analysis of production inputs between different treatment years 元/hm2 yuan/hm2"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Cropping pattern		 作物
Crop		 种子
Seeds		 地租
Land rents		 肥料农药
Fertilizer and pesticides		 人工
Manually		 滴灌
Drip irrigation		 机械
Machinery		 总成本
Total cost		 平均
Mean
2020 轮作 玉米 800 4500 3132 100 3200 840 12 572 12 559
花生 2400 4500 2835 100 3200 760 13 795
谷子 600 4500 2070 100 3200 840 11 310
连作 玉米 800 4500 3132 100 3200 840 12 572 12 572
2021 轮作 玉米 800 5000 3400 100 3200 860 13 360 13 563
花生 2700 5000 3550 100 3200 760 15 310
谷子 600 5000 2260 100 3200 860 12 020
连作 玉米 800 5000 3400 100 3200 860 13 360 13 360
2022 轮作 玉米 800 6000 4100 100 3300 900 15 200 14 967
花生 2700 6000 3600 100 3300 800 16 500
谷子 700 6000 2200 100 3300 900 13 200
连作 玉米 800 6000 4100 100 3300 900 15 200 15 200
3年平均
Three years
average		 轮作 玉米 800 5167 3544 100 3233 867 13 711 13 696
花生 2600 5167 3328 100 3233 773 15 202
谷子 633 5167 2177 100 3233 867 12 177
连作 玉米 800 5167 3544 100 3233 867 13 711 13 711

Table 6

Analysis of economic benefits in different rotation treatments"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Cropping
pattern		 作物
Crop		 投入（元/hm2）
Input (yuan/hm2)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 单价（元/kg）
Price (yuan/kg)		 产值（元/hm2）
Output (yuan/hm2)		 净产值（元/hm2)
Net output
(yuan/hm2)		 产投比
Output/
Input (%)
2020 轮作 玉米 12 572 12 944 2.32 30 030 17 458 238.87
花生 13 795 2648 8.20 21 712 7917 157.39
谷子 11 310 3887 4.80 18 659 7349 164.98
连作 玉米 12 572 9850 2.32 22 852 10 280 181.77
2021 轮作 玉米 13 360 13 660 2.47 33 740 20 380 252.54
花生 15 310 3028 8.60 26 044 10 734 170.11
谷子 12 020 4728 5.00 23 640 11 620 196.67
连作 玉米 13 360 9592 2.47 23 692 10 332 177.34
2022 轮作 玉米 15 200 13 013 2.70 35 135 19 935 231.15
花生 16 500 3438 10.00 34 375 17 875 208.33
谷子 13 200 5761 4.22 24 311 11 111 184.18
连作 玉米 15 200 10 556 2.70 28 501 13 301 187.51
3年平均
Three-year
average
 轮作 玉米 13 711 13 206 2.50 32 968 19 258 240.85
花生 15 202 3038 8.93 27 377 12 175 178.61
谷子 12 177 4792 4.67 22 203 10 027 181.94
连作 玉米 13 711 9999 2.50 25 015 11 305 182.21
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