Crops ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 26-32.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.005

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of 104 Tartary Buckwheat Germplasm Resources Based on SSR Markers

Wu Yening1(), Hu Haochi1, Wang Chunyong2, Xie Rui1, Zhang Yonghu1, Wen Rui1, Jin Xiaolei1()   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Tangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tangshan 063001, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-08-02 Revised:2024-09-26 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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Abstract:

Using SSR molecular markers, genetic diversity and population structure analysis were conducted on 104 local tartary buckwheat germplasm resources in China. The results showed that nine pairs of highly polymorphic SSR primers amplified a total of 22 alleles in the 104 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources. The number of alleles amplified per primer pair ranged from two to four, with an average of 2.444 alleles per locus. The average values for effective allele number (Ne), Shannon’s diversity index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and expected heterozygosity (He) were 1.820, 0.629, 0.058, and 0.401, respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.0096 to 0.6115, with an average of 0.3312. UPGMA clustering analysis divided the 104 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources into four groups. The tartary buckwheat from Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan showed similar distributions, primarily clustered in group III and IV. Materials from other provinces were more evenly distributed, demonstrating rich genetic diversity. Population structure analysis and two-dimensional principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) further confirmed that the grouping results were largely consistent with the cluster analysis. This study further clarified the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among local germplasms of tartary buckwheat, and screened 17 genetically pure germplasm materials. This provides a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, SSR molecular markers, Germplasm resources, Genetic diversity, Population structure

Table 1

Test material information"

材料编号
Material number		 来源地
Origin		 材料编号
Material number		 来源地
Origin		 材料编号
Material number		 来源地
Origin		 材料编号
Material number		 来源地
Origin		 材料编号
Material number		 来源地
Origin
S1 江西 S32 云南 S60 贵州 S83 重庆 S110 四川
S4 四川 S34 云南 S61 贵州 S84 内蒙古 S111 四川
S5 山西 S35 贵州 S62 贵州 S85 内蒙古 S112 四川
S7 贵州 S36 四川 S63 贵州 S86 内蒙古 S113 四川
S10 四川 S37 甘肃 S64 陕西 S87 内蒙古 S114 四川
S12 四川 S38 甘肃 S65 陕西 S91 内蒙古 S115 四川
S13 四川 S39 甘肃 S66 陕西 S92 内蒙古 S116 四川
S14 贵州 S40 陕西 S67 陕西 S93 内蒙古 S117 四川
S15 贵州 S42 云南 S68 陕西 S94 内蒙古 S118 四川
S17 湖南 S43 云南 S69 陕西 S95 山西 S119 四川
S18 山西 S44 云南 S70 云南 S96 重庆 S120 四川
S20 山西 S45 贵州 S71 云南 S97 重庆 S122 内蒙古
S22 甘肃 S46 贵州 S72 内蒙古 S99 重庆 S125 内蒙古
S23 山西 S47 四川 S74 内蒙古 S100 重庆 S127 甘肃
S24 云南 S48 四川 S75 内蒙古 S102 贵州 S128 内蒙古
S25 云南 S49 贵州 S76 内蒙古 S104 重庆 S129 内蒙古
S26 云南 S50 贵州 S77 内蒙古 S105 重庆 S130 内蒙古
S27 云南 S53 贵州 S78 内蒙古 S106 重庆 S143 内蒙古
S28 云南 S54 贵州 S79 内蒙古 S107 重庆 S147 内蒙古
S29 云南 S55 云南 S80 内蒙古 S108 内蒙古 S148 甘肃
S30 云南 S56 四川 S82 陕西 S109 内蒙古

Table 2

Polymorphic information of SSR primers"

引物
Primer		 引物序列（5’→3’）
Primer sequence		 等位
基因数
Na		 有效等位
基因数
Ne		 Shannon’s
多样性指数
I		 观测
杂合度
Ho		 期望
杂合度
He		 多态性
信息含量
PIC
P13 F：AAATTTCGGGCATAGATTCTGA 2 1.413 0.468 0.010 0.292 0.2497
R：TTCGATCCATCTTTTGGGAG
P21 F：ACTCTTCCTCAGCGCTTCAC 4 3.081 1.204 0.077 0.675 0.6115
R：TCCTTGCCTAGTCCAGCAGT
P43 F：AATTTGTTGGCACACAAGCA 3 1.420 0.506 0.048 0.296 0.2573
R：GTTGGGACAAGAAGGACTCG
P52 F：CGATCCCGTAAGATCTCGTC 2 1.010 0.031 0.010 0.010 0.0096
R：CGAGTTTCGAACTCCTGACC
P53 F：TCCATGTTTGAGGGGCTAAG 3 2.086 0.870 0.058 0.521 0.4499
R：AAATTCTTGCGCATTGCATA
P68 F：AAGGGCAAGATTGCTTACCA 2 1.874 0.659 0.087 0.466 0.3576
R：GTCAGGATCCATTGTGGGAT
P69 F：AAGGCAAGGGTATAAAGGGAA 2 1.649 0.582 0.077 0.393 0.3161
R：GAACAGGAACCCGAATACGA
P76 F：CATACACATCCGCCAACAAG 2 1.969 0.685 0.048 0.492 0.3711
R：GTTAAGGCAAACTCGGTCCA
P99 F：AGTGAAATTTTGGTGGACGC 2 1.874 0.659 0.106 0.466 0.3576
R：TCGTACTTTCCAAACGCTACA
平均值Mean 2.444 1.820 0.629 0.058 0.401 0.3312

Fig.1

UPGMA cluster analysis of 104 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources"

Table 3

Germplasm composition of four groups based on UPGMA cluster analysis"

组群
Group		 种质总数
Total germplasms		 比例
Percentage (%)		 种质来源（数量）
Origin of germplasms (number)
Ⅰ 29 27.89 甘肃（1）；贵州（6）；内蒙古（5）；山西（3）；陕西（2）；四川（3）；云南（3）；重庆（6）
Ⅱ 6 5.77 贵州（2）；内蒙古（2）；云南（2）
Ⅲ 34 32.69 甘肃（1）；贵州（4）；内蒙古（9）；山西（1）；陕西（1）；四川（13）；云南（5）
Ⅳ
 35
 33.65
 甘肃（4）；贵州（3）；湖南（1）；江西（1）；内蒙古（9）；山西（1）；陕西（5）；四川（3）；云南（5）；重庆（3）

Fig.2

Change trends of K and ?K"

Fig.3

Population genetic structure of 104 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources (K=4)"

Table 4

Germplasm composition of four groups based on population structure analysis"

组群
Group		 种质总数
Total germplasms		 比例
Percentage (%)		 种质来源（数量）
Origin of germplasms (number)
A 25 24.04 甘肃（3）；贵州（1）；江西（1）；内蒙古（11）；陕西（3）；四川（2）；云南（2）；重庆（2）
B 20 19.23 贵州（7）；内蒙古（3）；山西（2）；陕西（1）；四川（1）；云南（1）；重庆（5）
C 23 22.12 甘肃（3）；贵州（2）；湖南（1）；内蒙古（5）；山西（1）；陕西（3）；四川（3）；云南（3）；重庆（2）
D 36 34.61 贵州（5）；内蒙古（6）；山西（2）；陕西（1）；四川（13）；云南（9）

Table 5

Q-value distribution of four groups based on population structure analysis"

组群
Group		 种质总数
Total
germplasms		 种质数量Number of germplasms
Q<0.6 0.6≤Q<0.8 0.8≤Q<0.9 Q≥0.9
A 25 6 19 12 7
B 20 2 18 17 17
C 23 5 18 10 9
D 36 7 29 14 7

Fig.4

Principal coordinate analysis two-dimensional scatter plot of 104 tartary buckwheat germplasm resources"

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