Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 127-134.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.01.023

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Effects of Water Conditions on Microbial Community in Maize Rhizosphere

Feng Shuai1,2,Liu Xiaoli1,2,Wu Xiaoli1,2,Jiang Shijie2,Zhou Zhengfu2,Zhang Wei2,Chen Ming2,Wang Jin1,2,Ke Xiubin2   

  1. 1Life Science and Engineering College,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan
    2Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2016-11-10 Revised:2016-12-18 Online:2017-02-15 Published:2018-08-26

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Abstract:

Maize microcosms were constructed to investigate the dynamics of soil microbial community structure and population at different water treatments (20% and 80% WFPS) under greenhouse condition. We quantified the abundance and characterized the community structures based on the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria and archaea, using qPCR and barcoded pyrosequencing, by collecting the rhizosphere soil and surface soil at the 60th day of maize growth. Results showed that 41 546 OTUs of bacteria and 6 921 OTUs of archaea were obtained by high throughput sequencing. Higher diversity of bacteria was observed, and it was dominant by Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. While the community structure of archaea was low, and it was predominant by Thaumarchaeota. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis showed a significant difference in bacterium community pattern between rhizosphere soil and surface soil, but archaea community structure was not significantly affected. The abundances of bacterium and archaea were also significantly affected by “soil compartments”. Higher abundance of bacterium and archaea were found in surface soil than rhizosphere soil. In the rhizosphere soil, the abundance of bacterium and archaea under well-watered condition was significantly higher than those under drought condition. Besides, bacterium and archaea showed the similar trend in the surface soil. Our study indicates that soil compartments (niche differentiation) may be the most important factor affecting microbial community in agricultural soil.

Key words: Maize rhizosphere, Microbial community, Bacterium, Archaea, 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, Quantitative PCR

Fig.1

Maize productivity on the 60th day The values in the figure are the mean ±SE (n=3).Different letters indicate the significant difference (P<0.05), the same below"

Fig.2

Copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes of bacterium and archaea in rhizosphere soil and surface soil of maize on the 60th day"

Table 1

Variance analysis of the environmental factors on bacterium and archaea 16S rRNA gene copy number"

变异来源Source of variation 自由度
df		 细菌Bacterium 古菌Archaea
F值F-value P(>F) F值F-value P(>F)
土壤区域Soil compartment 1 87.39 <0.01 127.90 <0.01
水分条件Water treatment 1 54.21 <0.01 79.67 <0.01
土壤区域×水分条件Soil compartment×Water treatment 1 28.89 <0.01 50.79 <0.01

Table 2

Bacterium 16S rRNA diversity indices"

水分条件Water treatment 土壤区域Soil Compartment 操作分类单元OTUs 丰富度指数Chao1 多样性指数Shannon index 测序深度指数Coverage
干旱Water stress 根际土Rhizosphere soil 10 337 19 030.3±172.1 10.8±0.03 0.966
水充足Well-watered 根际土Rhizosphere soil 9 074 20 662.5±97.7 10.9±0.02 0.986
干旱Water stress 表层土Surface soil 9 839 20 438.0±546.3 10.7±0.06 0.994
水充足Well-watered 表层土Surface soil 12 296 16 311.5±815.2 10.1±0.14 0.995

Table 3

Archaea 16S rRNA diversity indices"

水分条件Water treatment 土壤区域Soil Compartment 操作分类单元OTUs 丰富度指数Chao1 多样性指数Shannon index 测序深度指数Coverage
干旱Water stress 根际土Rhizosphere soil 1 252 229.2±33.7 4.3±0.10 0.996
水充足Well-watered 根际土Rhizosphere soil 1 710 272.3±26.8 4.5±0.05 0.959
干旱Water stress 表层土Surface soil 2 320 300.7±29.3 4.8±0.03 0.979
水充足Well-watered 表层土Surface soil 1 639 186.2±16.2 4.5±0.05 0.979

Table 4

Identity and distribution of the 10 most abundant (core) OTUs (with 97% similarity as the cut off value) among all samples in bacterium 16S rRNA library collected from maize rhizosphere and surface soil"

OTU号码
OTU number		 分类Taxon 相对丰度 (%)
Relative abundance
OTU_18078 f_ Anaerolineaceae 3.85
OTU_24643 g_ Salinimicrobium 3.28
OTU_5453 f_ Cytophagaceae 1.86
OTU_26825 g_ Planktothrix 1.65
OTU_1926 f_ Anaerolineaceae 1.53
OTU_10853 s_ Arthrobacter globiformis 0.81
OTU_47774 g_ Flavisolibacter 0.65
OTU_35806 g_ Ramlibacter 0.63
OTU_43589 g_ Marmoricola 0.53
OTU_56073 c_ Acidobacteria 0.53

Table 5

Identity and distribution of the 10 most abundant (core) OTUs (with 95% similarity as the cut off value) among all samples in archaea 16S rRNA library collected from maize rhizosphere and surface soil"

OTU号码
OTU number		 分类Taxon 相对丰度(%)
Relative abundance
OTU_41732 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 31.89
OTU_18108 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 6.64
OTU_44564 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 5.79
OTU_48728 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 5.14
OTU_47697 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 4.31
OTU_53860 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 2.77
OTU_3112 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 1.54
OTU_3179 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 1.32
OTU_53911 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 1.25
OTU_28469 c_ Soil Crenarchaeotic Group 1.09

Fig.3

Community composition of bacterium and archaea in rhizosphere soil and surface at class level"

Fig.4

NMDS of bray-curtis similarity matrix analysis among 12 samples of bacterium and archaea from maize on the 60th day"

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