Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 68-75.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.01.010

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Effects of Irrigation on Yield, Protein Content and Photosynthetic Performance of Water-Saving Wheat “Hengguan 35”

Kan Mingxi(), Wang Yanjie, Yu Huiling, Wang Demei, Tao Zhiqiang, Yang Yushuang, Wang Yujiao, Gao Tiantian, Cao Qi, Zhao Guangcai, Chang Xuhong()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-01-14 Revised:2022-09-27 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-22

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Abstract:

Water is the key factor limiting the improvement of wheat yield and quality. In order to explore the effects of irrigation in different periods on winter wheat yield, agronomic characteristics, grain quality and photosynthetic performance, four water treatments were set under conditions of automatic rain-proof shelter that water and fertilizer were controlled: no watering (control treatment, W1), water 1050m3/ha at jointing stage (W2), water 1050m3/ha at flowering stage (W3), and water 525m3/ha at jointing stage + 525m3/ha at flowering stage (W4). The results showed that, the grain protein content of W1 treatment, the protein yield of W2 treatment and the grain yield of W3 treatment were the highest. W4 treatment had the most stable photosynthetic performance. Compared with W1 treatment, irrigation affected the photosynthetic performance of wheat flag leaves, increased its net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate. Irrigation at jointing stage increased leaf chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and grain protein yield, and increased biological yield by increasing the number of spikes and grains per spike. Irrigation at flowering stage could increase grain length and width, increase sink capacity, and increase grain yield by increasing weight. By comparing W1, W4 and W2 treatments after irrigation at jointing stage and before irrigation at flowering stage, it was found that irrigation increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point, decreased the dark respiration rate, and the flag leaf was more adapted to strong light, but could not further increase the photosynthetic efficiency, and the weakening range of flag leaf adaptation to strong light increased with time. With the same amount of irrigation, irrigation only once at flowering stage or twice at jointing stage and flowering stage could prevent the decline of photosynthetic performance and the early- senescence of leaves at the later stage. Therefore, attention should be paid to the role of water in different growth periods in production, and irrigation should be carried out in time according to the actual precipitation and production demand.

Key words: Irrigation period, Winter wheat, Photosynthetic performance, Yield, Quality

Table 1

Effects of different irrigation treatments on yield and its components of wheat"

水分处理
Treatment		 生物产量
Biological yield
(kg/hm2)		 经济系数
Economic
coefficient		 单位面积穗数
Spike number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
W1 13 050b 0.46b 548b 32.05c 28.95c 5913.2c
W2 20 124a 0.33c 743a 34.40a 22.31d 6666.7b
W3 13 747b 0.53a 465c 33.43b 41.26a 7326.8a
W4 14 437b 0.49ab 540b 34.35a 34.37b 7124.6a

Fig.1

Effects of different irrigation treatments on plant height Different small letters indicate significant difference among treatments(P < 0.05), the same below"

Fig.2

Effects of different irrigation treatments on grain length and width"

Table 2

Effects of different irrigation treatments on grain protein"

处理
Treatment		 清蛋白
Albumin (%)		 球蛋白
Globulin (%)		 醇溶蛋白
Gliadin (%)		 谷蛋白
Gluten (%)		 总蛋白
Total protein (%)		 蛋白质产量
Protein yield (kg/hm2)
W1 3.41ab 1.62b 4.13a 5.86a 16.27a 962.75b
W2 3.68a 1.97a 4.29a 5.36ab 16.12a 1074.73a
W3 3.16b 1.56b 3.51b 4.34b 13.36b 979.11ab
W4 3.20b 1.62b 3.76ab 4.68b 14.12b 1006.16ab

Fig.3

Effects of different irrigation treatments on chlorophyll relative content (SPAD value) of flag leaves"

Fig.4

Effects of different irrigation treatments on photosynthetic parameters of flag leaves"

Fig.5

Effects of different irrigation treatments on light (a) and CO2 response curves (b) of flag leaves"

Table 3

Effects of different irrigation treatments on characteristic parameters of light and CO2 response curves"

时期
Stage		 处理
Treatment		 最大Pn
Maximum Pn
[μmol CO2/(m2·s)]		 暗呼吸速率
Dark respiration rate
[μmol CO2/(m2·s)]		 光饱和点
Light saturation
point [μmol/(m2·s)]		 光补偿点
Light compensation
point [μmol/(m2·s)]		 CO2饱和点
CO2 saturation
point (μmol/mol)		 CO2补偿点
CO2 compensation
point (μmol/mol)
挑旗期
Flagging		 W1 13.57 1.32 621 21.68 1130 72.22
W2 24.85 0.72 1795 16.47 1723 95.31
W4 14.15 1.20 809 22.51 1800 70.65
开花期
Flowering		 W1 7.21 1.64 1117 103.70 900 76.86
W2 13.89 0.76 1219 27.80 1052 97.11
W4 2.42 1.09 584 78.54 1800 144.76
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