Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 157-163.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.023

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The Effects of Well Cellar Depth and Mulching Methods on the Gas- Thermal Environment and Flue-Cured Tobacco Growth and Yield

Liu Xiaomin1(), Xu Rui2, Sun Jingguo3, Zhao Fanchong1, Si Zhenxing1, Liang Zhizhe1, Xu Zicheng1(), Han Dan1()   

  1. 1College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Xiangyang Branch of Hubei Tobacco Company, Xiangyang 441003, Hubei, China
    3Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
  • Received:2022-04-28 Revised:2022-07-08 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

The effects of well cellar depth and mulching methods on the gas-thermal environment in the cellar and the growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco were studied to provide a basis for selecting suitable well cellar transplanting methods in Xiangyang plain tobacco area of Hubei province. Under field conditions, two well cellar depths (15 and 20cm) and two mulching treatments (film mulching and cup cover) were set up to analyze the effects of different treatments on air temperature and humidity, CO2 and O2 concentrations, leaf thermal imaging temperature, flue-cured tobacco growth and yield in the well cellar. The results showed that the average humidity and CO2 concentration in the well cellar were higher than those of the film mulching treatment, and the average temperature of leaf thermal imaging (27.01℃) was significantly lower than that of the film mulching treatments (31.01℃), which provided a more suitable air-heat environment for the early growth of tobacco seedlings. The growth data of flue-cured tobacco showed that cup transplanting promoted the longitudinal growth of roots, increased leaf width and the number of leaves, and improved economic benefits compared with film mulching treatments. The agronomic and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco treated with well cellar depth of 15cm were better than those treated with well cellar depth of 20cm. It could be seen from the comprehensive indicators that the combination of cup transplanting and well cellar depth of 15cm in Xiangyang plain area could promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco aboveground and improve economic benefits.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Well cellar depth, Mulching methods, Air-thermal environment, Growth and development

Fig.1

Weather record in field growth period of flue-cured tobacco"

Fig.2

Specification and application diagram of cup cover"

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on temperature and humidity in well cellar"

处理
Treatment		 温度Temperature (℃) 湿度Humidity (%)
8:00 12:00 16:00 8:00 12:00 16:00
外界环境External environment 17.32 22.51 26.35 81.00 63.00 49.00
15-M 17.33±0.37a 23.98±0.38a 26.48±1.19b 87.40±3.05a 81.40±5.41a 65.20±3.70b
15-B 17.47±0.47a 22.98±0.71b 27.88±0.71a 84.60±4.04a 72.00±3.81b 75.00±2.24a
均值Mean value 17.40 23.48 27.18 86.00 76.70 70.10
20-M 17.52±0.47a 22.95±0.64a 27.33±0.48b 85.40±2.88a 82.20±5.17a 67.80±5.63a
20-B 17.55±0.49a 21.13±0.67b 28.20±0.82a 83.00±5.52a 65.40±2.30b 73.00±3.08a
均值Mean value 17.54 22.04 27.77 84.20 73.80 70.40
变异来源Source of variation F
井窖深度Well cellar depth 1.12 72.33** 2.82 5.74 0.28 0.77
覆盖方式Mulching method 0.14 21.05** 12.94** 0.34 26.95** 70.53**
井窖深度×覆盖方式
Well cellar depth×mulching method		 0.05 1.77 0.72 0.02 0.95 0.30

Fig.3

Effects of different treatments on CO2 and O2 concentrations in well cellar"

Table 2

Analysis of variance of leaf surface infrared thermal imaging temperature under different treatments"

时刻
Time		 变异来源
Source of variation		 平方和
SS		 自由度
df		 均方
MS		 F P
9:00 井窖深度 2.25 1 2.25 1.22 0.38
覆盖方式 59.85 1 59.85 231.69 0.00**
井窖深度×覆盖方式 2.08 1 2.08 8.07 0.05
16:00 井窖深度 3.63 1 3.63 4.11 0.08
覆盖方式 37.45 1 37.45 35.73 0.00**
井窖深度×覆盖方式 0.08 1 0.08 0.08 0.79

Fig.4

Effects of different treatments on leaf infrared thermal imaging temperature"

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on root system of tobacco plant at cluster stage"

处理
Treatment		 总体积
Total volume
(mL)		 总鲜重
Total fresh
weight (g)		 总干重
Total dry
weight (g)		 主根长度
Main root
length (cm)		 一级侧根数
Number of primary
lateral roots
15-M 30.80±0.66b 29.72±1.15a 3.28±0.13a 10.31±0.46b 23.33±0.58a
15-B 32.53±0.81a 31.00±0.69a 3.17±0.04a 12.25±0.68a 21.67±1.53b
均值Mean value 31.67 30.36 3.23 11.28 22.50
20-M 31.23±1.19b 28.36±0.61b 3.25±0.12a 12.15±0.75a 22.00±1.00a
20-B 33.70±0.50a 31.60±1.36a 3.22±0.08a 13.47±0.79a 21.33±0.58a
均值Mean value 32.47 29.98 3.24 12.81 21.67
变异来源Source of variation F
井窖深度Well cellar depth 9.72 5.73 0.24 46.35* 1.92
覆盖方式Mulching method 31.38** 20.66* 2.27 37.67** 9.80*
井窖深度×覆盖方式Well cellar depth×mulching method 0.96 3.89 0.25 1.34 1.80

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎围
Stem circumference
(cm)		 有效叶片数
Number of
effective blades		 最大叶长
Maximum leaf
length (cm)		 最大叶宽
Maximum leaf
width (cm)
15-M 117.56±2.52a 9.90±0.71a 19.20±1.79a 67.32±3.53a 31.34±4.41b
15-B 120.12±4.93a 10.42±0.80a 21.20±1.10a 70.66±4.31a 36.62±2.13a
均值Mean value 118.84 10.16 20.20 68.99 33.98
20-M 110.44±2.99a 9.26±0.44b 19.80±0.84b 59.08±5.34a 26.36±3.17b
20-B 114.76±3.65a 10.24±0.32a 21.60±1.14a 64.68±2.13a 33.72±1.00a
均值Mean value 112.60 9.75 20.70 61.88 30.04
变异来源Source of variation F
井窖深度Well cellar depth 19.91* 6.97 0.46 44.48** 6.56
覆盖方式Mulching method 2.10 26.56** 22.56** 4.69 27.49**
井窖深度×覆盖方式Well cellar depth×mulching method 0.14 1.55 0.06 0.30 0.41

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco"

处理
Treatment		 中上等烟比例
Proportion of upper-middle smoke (%)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 产值（元/hm2）
Value of output (yuan/hm2)		 均价（元/kg）
Mean price (yuan/kg)
15-M 77.55±3.26b 2050.95±73.61b 40 603.79±879.05b 19.82±1.13a
15-B 86.31±1.99a 2260.35±48.00a 48 104.02±812.54a 21.28±0.24a
均值Mean value 81.93 2155.65 44353.91 20.55
20-M 76.28±2.35b 1785.66±81.68b 34 240.44±1065.15b 19.19±0.52b
20-B 83.80±4.45a 2024.37±52.53a 41 868.61±2051.18a 20.68±0.64a
均值Mean value 80.04 1905.02 38054.53 19.94
变异来源Source of variation F
井窖深度Well cellar depth 2.19 36.99* 439.02** 5.54
覆盖方式Mulching method 32.38** 35.52** 62.20** 19.33*
井窖深度×覆盖方式
Well cellar depth×mulching method		 0.19 0.15 0.01 0.01
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