Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 207-214.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.028

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Effects of Biochar Combined with Bacillus on Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere of Pakchoi

Li Qibiao1,2(), Zhang Xuejiao1,2, Xu Lei1,2, Hu Yonghua1, Xu Zhijun1,2()   

  1. 1Zhanjiang Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
    2Guangdong Modern Agriculture Cultivated Land Conservation and Water-Saving Agriculture Industrial Technology Research and Development Center, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2023-09-26 Revised:2024-08-22 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of biochar-based biofertilizer on the soil nutrients and rhizosphere bacterial diversity of Brassica rapa L. var. Shanghaiqing, a pot cultivation experiment was conducted. The growth indicators, soil fertility, and rhizosphere bacterial composition of pakchoi under five treatments, namely blank control (CK), sterile culture medium control (SM), biochar control (BC), Bacillus tequilensis bacterial solution (BT), and biochar combined with B.tequilensis treatment (BTBC), were studied. The results showed that the fresh weight of pakchoi under the BTBC treatment was significantly higher than that under CK, SM, BC, and BT treatments, with the increases of 161.7%, 49.9%, 10.7%, and 12.1%, respectively. Compared to the CK, the BTBC treatment significantly increased soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter and cation exchange capacity, with the increases of 16.7%, 10.1%, 31.7%, 41.4%, and 23.7%, respectively. BTBC treatment significantly increased the abundance and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Compared with the BT treatment, it was more effective in promoting the colonization of B.tequilensis in soil and enhancing the abundances of Flavisolibacter, Gemmatimanadales, Bradyrhizobium, and Sphingomonas, which were related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Therefore, the biochar combined with Bacillus can effectively improve the soil fertility and rhizosphere bacteria abundance, resulting in better growth promotion and yield increase.

Key words: Pakchoi, Plant growth promoted rhizobacteria, Biochar-based biofertilizers, Nitrogen fixation, RDA analysis

Fig.1

Morphology and structure of the original biochar (BC) and biochar combined with B. tequilensis (BTBC)"

Fig.2

Survival of bacteria on biochar under different storage times"

Table 1

Element composition and surface structure of BC and BTBC"

处理
Treatment		 总碳
Total
carbon (%)		 总氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)		 总磷
Total phosphorus
(g/kg)		 总钾
Total K
(g/kg)		 pH 比表面积
Specific surface
area (m2/g)		 孔体积
Pore volume
(cm3/g)
BC 21.82 4.6 0.34 24.9 7.56 11.29 0.032
BTBC 17.31 6.9 1.94 20.9 7.22 3.66 0.016

Fig.3

Effects of different treatments on the growth of pakchoi"

Fig.4

Effects of different treatments on soil nutrients"

Fig.5

Effects of different treatments on rhizobacteria diversity"

Fig.6

Effects of different treatments on the composition of rhizobacteria"

Fig.7

RDA analysis between dominant bacterial genus and environmental factors OM: organic matter, CEC: cation exchange capacity, AN: alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, AP: available phosphorus, AK: available potassium. Sph: Sphingomonas, Mas: Massilia, Bur: Burkholderia_ Caballeronia_Paraburkholderia, Fla: Flavisolibacter, Bry: Bryobacter, Tep: Tepidisphaera, Sci: SC_I_84, Bra: Bradyrhizobium, Gem: Gemmatimonas, Muc: Mucilaginibacter, Ram: Ramlibacte, Cau: Candidatus_Udaeobacter, Nit: Nitrospira, Bac: Bacillus, Cas: Candidatus_Solibacter."

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