Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 141-148.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.019

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Effects of Reduction of Nitrogen Topdressing Application on Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Utilization and Quality of Spring Wheat in Eastern Hebei Province

Wang Jiatong(), Ma Yingchen, Feng Yanfei, Lu Jiahui, Guo Zhenqing, Li Xueli, Li Yun, Han Yucui(), Lin Xiaohu()   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology /Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-04-06 Revised:2024-05-24 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

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Abstract:

In order to examine the effects of nitrogen reduction on the utilization of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well as in spring wheat in eastern Hebei, we utilized spring wheat Jinqiang 11 as the material and set four nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 80, 160, 240 kg/ha, denoted by N0, N80, N160, N240, respectively) with reference to the conventional nitrogen application for wheat planting in the production (N 240 kg/ha) to analyze the effects of nitrogen reduction on the phosphorus and patassium accumulations, amino acid contents, mineral element contents, and yields of spring wheat plants in eastern Hebei. The results showed that, nitrogen reduction increased phosphorus accumulation in the late reproductive stage, and the phosphorus accumulation at maturity was 45.68 kg/ha at N80, significantly higher than that at N160 and N240; Nitrogen reduction decreased potassium loss at the late reproductive stage, and the loss at maturity was 36.45% compared with that at flowering, which was significantly lower than N160 and N240. When nitrogen was reduced to N80 and N160, the contents of essential and non-essential amino acids and the total amount of amino acids were significantly higher than that of N0 and N240 treatments, which favored amino acid synthesis. All amino acid scores basically reached the maximum values under N80 and N160 treatments; the essential amino acid index reached the maximum value under N80 treatment, followed by N160 treatment, which were increased by 14.64% and 7.48% respectively, compared to N0 treatment, and increased by 13.19% and 6.12% compared with those under N240 treatment, respectively. That was, nitrogen-reduction of N80 and N160 could improve protein quality. Nitrogen-reduction of N80 and N160 resulted in higher Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn mineral elements, which could improve mineral element content of spring wheat. The yields of nitrogen-reduction treatments of N80 and N160 were considerably higher than those of N0 and N240 treatments, and there was no significant difference between N80 and N160. Considering the above factors, the optimum amount of nitrogen applied to spring wheat planted in eastern Hebei is recommended to be 80-160 kg/ha.

Key words: Spring wheat, Phosphorus and potassium accumulation, Amino acids, Mineral element, Quality

Fig.1

Phosphorus accumulation of plants at different growth stages under different nitrogen topdressing treatments The different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below."

Fig.2

Potassium accumulation of plants at different growth stages under different nitrogen topdressing treatments"

Table 1

Effects of different nitrogen topdressing treatments on amino acid contents of spring wheat mg/g"

指标Index N0 N80 N160 N240
必需氨基酸含量Essential amino acid content 67.38±0.82c 77.64±0.64a 72.75±0.56b 67.60±0.52c
非必需氨基酸含量Non-essential amino acid content 189.74±0.53c 219.27±0.77a 208.17±0.69b 188.89±0.27c
氨基酸总量Total amino acid content 257.12±0.82c 296.91±0.64a 280.92±0.56b 256.48±0.52c

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen topdressing treatments on essential amino acid contents of spring wheat mg/g"

指标Index N0 N80 N160 N240 变异系数Coefficient of variation (%)
缬氨酸Val 10.76±0.82b 12.24±0.64a 11.20±0.56ab 11.10±0.52ab 5.63
蛋氨酸Met 3.35±0.17a 3.60±0.36a 3.78±0.16a 3.47±0.15a 5.13
异亮氨酸IIe 7.74±0.22c 9.33±0.47a 8.48±0.38b 7.79±0.10c 8.92
亮氨酸Leu 18.27±0.72c 21.67±0.15a 20.10±0.95b 17.98±0.10c 8.84
苯丙氨酸Phe 12.27±0.88b 14.16±0.73a 12.96±0.54ab 11.73±0.27b 8.22
苏氨酸Thr 7.94±0.67a 8.85±0.21a 8.89±0.34a 8.40±0.75a 5.24
赖氨酸Lys 7.05±0.50a 7.79±0.41a 7.33±0.30a 7.13±0.76a 4.52

Table 3

Effects of different nitrogen topdressing treatments on non-essential amino acid contents of spring wheat mg/g"

指标Index N0 N80 N160 N240 变异系数Coefficient of variation (%)
天冬氨酸Asp 12.65±0.53b 14.40±0.77a 13.29±0.69ab 12.70±0.27b 6.13
酪氨酸Tyr 7.58±0.65b 9.10±0.03a 7.61±0.56b 7.95±0.35b 8.82
丝氨酸Ser 14.22±0.75c 15.79±0.70ab 14.40±0.97bc 16.54±0.57a 7.32
谷氨酸Glu 82.87±6.81b 96.82±4.67a 95.10±2.77a 79.08±0.03b 9.97
甘氨酸Gly 11.46±0.38b 12.55±0.23a 11.84±0.69ab 11.84±0.29ab 3.82
丙氨酸Ala 10.35±0.16a 11.13±0.38a 11.11±0.65a 10.45±0.92a 3.87
胱氨酸Cys 3.89±0.25a 4.41±0.19a 4.15±0.68a 3.82±0.20a 6.56
组氨酸His 6.09±0.50a 6.85±0.08a 6.77±0.93a 6.44±0.04a 5.25
精氨酸Arg 12.02±0.26b 14.18±0.88a 12.92±0.81ab 12.20±0.65b 7.65
脯氨酸Pro 28.59±0.56c 34.04±1.35a 30.97±1.07b 27.84±0.15c 9.20
合计Total 189.72±0.53c 219.27±0.77a 208.16±0.69b 188.86±0.27c 6.84

Table 4

Effects of different nitrogen topdressing treatments on essential amino acid scores of spring wheat"

指标Index N0 N80 N160 N240
缬氨酸Val 21.52 24.48 22.40 22.20
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys 20.69 22.89 22.66 20.83
异亮氨酸IIe 19.35 23.33 21.20 19.48
亮氨酸Leu 26.10 30.96 28.71 25.69
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phe+Tyr 33.08 38.77 34.28 32.80
苏氨酸Thr 19.85 22.13 22.23 21.00
赖氨酸Lys 12.82 14.16 13.33 12.96

Table 5

Effects of different nitrogen topdressing treatments on essential amino acid RC of spring wheat"

指标Index N0 N80 N160 N240
缬氨酸Val 0.98 0.97 0.95 1.00
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys 0.94 0.91 0.96 0.94
异亮氨酸IIe 0.88 0.92 0.90 0.88
亮氨酸Leu 1.19 1.23 1.22 1.16
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phe+Tyr 1.51 1.54 1.46 1.48
苏氨酸Thr 0.91 0.88 0.94 0.95
赖氨酸Lys 0.58 0.56 0.57 0.59

Fig.3

Effects of different nitrogen topdressing treatments on essential amino acid index of spring wheat"

Table 6

Effects of different nitrogen topdressing treatments on mineral element contents of spring wheat mg/kg"

指标Index N0 N80 N160 N240
Ca 389.46±11.36b 429.42±1.29a 417.26±10.08a 410.77±15.36a
Mg 1073.32±6.73c 1137.98±4.43a 1121.31±6.68b 1115.29±2.44b
Fe 61.06±3.99d 116.31±4.74a 83.67±6.52b 72.30±4.43c
Mn 36.70±3.85a 37.34±0.94a 38.59±3.24a 38.78±4.85a
Cu 5.40±0.08b 6.49±0.44a 6.55±0.45a 6.12±0.45ab
Zn 35.17±0.15b 38.46±0.05b 46.26±3.60a 37.39±4.65b

Fig.4

Effects of different nitrogen topdressing treatments on yield of spring wheat"

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