Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 65-74.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.008

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Analysis of Breeding and Characteristics of Nationally Approved (Registered) Hulled Barley Varieties in China from 2000 to 2024

Li Yating1,2(), Jia Shiqi1,2, Yao Lirong1,2, Zhang Hong1,2, Si Erjing1,2, Yang Ke1,2, Meng Yaxiong1,2, Ma Xiaole1,2, Li Baochun1,3, Wang Huajun1,2, Guo Ganggang1,4(), Wang Juncheng1,2()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science / Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    4Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2025-05-15 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-12

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Abstract:

Temporal trends in basic traits of 347 nationally approved (registered) hulled barley varieties from 2000 to 2024 were analyzed to provide a scientific foundation for breeding high-yield, high-quality varieties and supporting industrial advancement. The results showed that the number of approved (registered) varieties has been on the rise over the years, and the breeding units are mainly local agricultural research institutes, universities, and other research institutions; five direct parents with high-frequency usage were identified by statistical analysis indicating that the genetic basis of the nationally approved (registered) barley varieties was relatively narrow; conventional breeding methods were generally used, and diverse breeding methods need to be enriched; the proportion of malting barley in spring barley area was the highest, while the number of malting barley and feed barley in winter barley area was similar; all varieties in spring barley area were spring varieties, and the spring varieties in winter barley area accounted for 67.08%; the average yield of Xinjiang barley region was the highest in spring barley area, and the average yield in Huanghuai winter barley region was the highest in winter barley area, the average yield in winter barley area was increased by 17.33 kg/ha, the 1000-grain weight was basically unchanged, the number of grains per spike increased significantly, and the 1000-grain weight in spring barley area showed an upward trend. The mean α-amino nitrogen content of malting barley in spring was higher than that in winter barley, the Kulbach values of malting barley in the two ecological areas were at a good level. Since 2008, the proportion of disease-resistant varieties had increased year by year, generally remaining above 70%, and the resistance of streak disease had been the most prominent. In the future barley breeding process, it is necessary to further expand the breeding methods in order to obtain new achievements in high-yield, high-quality, high efficiency and safety as the main breeding goals.

Key words: China, Hulled barley, Approved (registered) varieties, Breeding, Characteristics

Fig.1

Number of approved (registered) barley varieties in China from 2000 to 2024"

Table 1

The number and distribution of approved (registered) barley varieties from 2000 to 2024"

序号
Number		 省（市、区）
Province (municipality,
autonomous region)		 品种数量
Number of
varieties		 占比
Percentage
(%)
1 甘肃 23 6.63
2 云南 100 28.82
3 江苏 56 16.14
4 浙江 29 8.36
5 湖北 33 9.51
6 河南 8 2.31
7 新疆 17 4.90
8 黑龙江 37 10.66
9 内蒙古 8 2.30
10 四川 8 2.30
11 安徽 8 2.30
12 上海 6 1.73
13 山西 5 1.44
14 福建 5 1.44
15 北京 2 0.58
16 贵州 1 0.29
17 江西 1 0.29

Table 2

Categories of breeding units of approved (registered) varieties of barley in China from 2000 to 2024"

序号
Number		 省份
Province		 品种数量
Number of
varieties		 育种单位Breeding unit
科研院所
Research
institute		 公司企业
Company		 联合育种
Joint
breeding
1 甘肃 23 18 3 2
2 云南 100 62 0 38
3 江苏 56 41 10 5
4 浙江 29 20 0 9
5 湖北 33 30 1 2
6 河南 8 6 0 2
7 新疆 17 16 0 1
8 黑龙江 37 31 1 5
9 内蒙古 8 4 0 4
10 四川 8 5 0 3
11 安徽 8 8 0 0
12 上海 6 1 2 3
13 山西 5 5 0 0
14 福建 5 5 0 0
15 北京 2 2 0 0
16 贵州 1 1 0 0
17 江西 1 1 0 0

Fig.2

Categories of breeding units of approved (registered) varieties of barley in China from 2000 to 2024"

Fig.3

Breeding methods and proportion of approved (registered) varieties in China from 2000 to 2024"

Table 3

Direct parents and bred varieties with high frequency of use"

高使用频率亲本High-usage parent 育成品种Bred variety
苏啤3号Supi 3
 扬农啤9号、扬农啤12号、扬农啤14号、扬农啤15号、盐麦6号、苏啤8号、苏啤10号、苏裸麦2号、盐师麦2号、米麦105、浙啤15号、浙啤27号、鄂单259、鄂单303
扬农啤2号Yangnongpi 2
 扬农啤8号、扬农啤9号、扬农啤11号、扬农啤13号、申海麦2号、通麦9号、鑫盐农啤8号、东麦3号、扬农QS、苏饲麦1号
云大麦1号Yundamai 1 云大麦10号、云大麦11号、云饲麦406、云饲麦407、云饲麦408、云饲麦410、云青606
云大麦2号Yundamai 2
 云大麦9号、云大麦12号、云大麦13号、云大麦14号、云大麦15号、保啤麦26号、云青602
苏啤6号Supi 6 扬农啤15号、苏啤14号、港啤9号、港啤10号、浙啤11号

Fig.4

Types and proportions of approved (registered) varieties of barley in China from 2000 to 2024"

Table 4

Types and regional distribution of approved (registered) varieties of barley from 2000 to 2024"

品种类型
Variety type		 春大麦区Spring barley area 冬大麦区Winter barley area
A B C D E F G H I J
春性Spring 37 8 3 23 17 21 71 6 60 5
弱春性Weak spring － － － － － 9 6 － 15 －
冬性Winter － － － － － 1 2 － － －
半冬性Semi-winter － － － － － 14 12 － 21 －

Fig.5

Use proportion of approved (registered) varieties of barley from 2000 to 2024"

Table 5

Regional distribution characteristics of functional traits of approved (registered) varieties of barley in China from 2000 to 2024"

用途
Use		 春大麦区Spring barley area 冬大麦区Winter barley area
A B C D E F G H I J
啤用Beer 33 8 2 17 18 26 35 2 56 1
饲用Feed 3 － 1 － 5 8 49 3 41 －
粮用Grain 1 － － － － 4 － － 1 －
啤饲兼用Beer and feed dual-use － － － － － － 2 1 5 －
粮草兼用Grain and grass dual-use － － － － － 1 4 － － －
制曲Koji-making － － － － － 1 1 － － －

Table 6

Regional distribution characters of the yield of approved (registered) barley varieties in China from 2000 to 2024 kg/hm2"

年份
Year		 春大麦区Spring barley area 冬大麦区Winter barley area
A B C D E F G H I J
2000 3661.00 － － － － 5723.10 5969.00 3973.50 － －
2001 － － － － － 6629.63 6489.00 － － －
2002 3998.40 － － 6306.50 6375.00 － 6032.25 5550.00 6786.00 －
2003 － － － － － 6185.97 3906.00 － － －
2004 5120.01 － － － － － 5755.00 － － 5684.20
2005 4517.82 － － 6399.45 － 7500.00 － － － －
2006 － － － － 7744.50 6391.83 5874.57 － － －
2007 － － － 6416.25 － 6442.50 6057.75 － － －
2008 5109.20 6124.50 4991.25 6789.00 6937.50 5508.00 5167.42 － 7500.00 4284.95
2009 5439.00 － － 5950.50 － 6576.00 5982.00 － 9054.00 4927.50
2010 － － － 6375.00 7422.03 6189.00 6686.50 － － －
2011 4749.40 5957.25 － 6290.50 7934.40 6975.00 6547.50 5735.25 － －
2012 － － － － 7689.98 6127.50 5792.50 6079.50 5942.25 －
2013 6039.00 － － 5400.00 － 6660.00 6439.50 － 5496.65 －
2014 4565.50 6636.15 － － 6630.00 6724.50 6174.75 － 6750.00 －
2015 － － 5550.25 6880.50 － 6809.01 6860.78 － 7090.50 －
2016 － － － － 7124.10 － 5526.00 － － 4612.95
2017 － － － － － 7111.53 5507.67 － 5899.71 －
2018 4629.97 － － － 7724.81 7333.20 5731.50 － 6104.09 －
2019 4860.33 － － － － 7914.00 5513.05 － 6307.06 －
2020 － 7319.85 － － － 7199.91 4668.00 － 5949.17 －
2021 4762.30 － － － 7797.74 － － 6025.50 6060.90 －
2022 3876.00 － － 6496.00 7593.00 4944.00 5633.77 － 7078.86 －
2023 － － － 7662.09 8838.00 7043.14 5835.95 － 5465.28 －
2024 3967.29 7176.23 6259.50 － － 6804.00 5872.50 － 4535.43 －
平均值Average value 4663.94 6642.80 5600.33 6451.44 7484.26 6612.79 5827.09 5472.75 6401.33 4877.40

Fig.6

Evolution of yield levels of approved (registered) barley varieties in China from 2000 to 2024"

Table 7

Regional distribution characters of quality traits of approved (registered) malting barley in China from 2000 to 2024 (QB/T 1686-2008)"

产区
Producing area		 品质性状
Quality trait		 优级品种数
Superior quantities		 一级品种数
Level 1 quantities		 二级品种数
Level 2 quantities
春大麦区Spring barley area α-氨基氮 55（70.51%） 4（5.13%） －
库尔巴哈值 － 41（52.56%） 15（19.23%）
冬大麦区Winter barley area α-氨基氮 58（48.33%） 14（11.67%） －
库尔巴哈值 － 48（40.00%） 20（16.67%）

Fig.7

Grain quality analysis of malting barley varieties approved (registered) in spring barley area from 2000 to 2024"

Fig.8

Grain quality analysis of malting barley varieties approved (registered) in winter barley area from 2000 to 2024"

Table 8

Disease resistance analysis of approved (registered) barley varieties in China from 2000 to 2024"

病害
Disease		 总计
Total		 品种数Number of varieties 品种占比Proportion of varieties (%)
高抗
Highly
resistance		 中抗
Moderately
resistance		 抗
Resistance		 感
Susceptible		 高感
Highly
susceptible		 高抗
Highly
resistance		 中抗
Moderately
resistance		 抗
Resistance		 感
Susceptible		 高感
Highly
susceptible
条纹病Streak disease 245 65 65 68 37 10 26.53 26.53 27.76 15.10 4.08
条锈病Stripe rust 76 40 3 30 1 2 52.63 3.95 39.47 1.32 2.63
白粉病Powdery mildew 218 47 62 56 45 8 16.97 28.57 25.81 20.74 3.69
黄矮病Yellow dwarf 155 47 54 25 24 5 30.32 34.84 16.13 15.48 3.23
赤霉病Scab 191 27 89 31 40 4 14.14 46.60 16.23 20.94 2.09
根腐病Root rot 72 15 15 25 13 4 20.83 20.83 34.72 18.06 5.56

Fig.9

Analysis of resistance levels of approved (registered) barley varieties to different diseases in China from 2000 to 2024"

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