Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 195-203.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.026

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Photosynthesis-Grain Filling Coordination Characteristics of Winter Wheat with Different Plant Types and Their Impact on Yield Components

Li Jiahui1(), Chen Ruxue2(), Bai Hongbo3, Wang Yonghua2()   

  1. 1 Jiaozuo Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiaozuo 454100, Henan, China
    2 College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    3 Henan Maixiangfeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Mengzhou 454750, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-06-02 Revised:2025-06-30 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

RichHTML

0

PDF (PC)

328

Abstract:

To clarify grain filling characteristics and yield formation mechanisms in winter wheat cultivars with different plant types, this study used loose-type YN710, semi-compact YN711, and compact-type YN712 as experimental materials, a uniform planting density (4.5×106 plants/ha) was set up to investigate their population dynamics, yield components, patterns of matter accumulation and translocation, photosynthetic characteristics, and grain filling characteristics. The results showed that the tiller number of the compact-type line at jointing was 18.7% higher than that of the loose-type line. The yield of YN712 reached 8890.70 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than that of YN711 and YN710, with yield increases of 3.58% and 1.34%, respectively. The high yield of YN712 was attributed to its highest spike number per unit area (641.60×104/ha), along with the optimal pre-anthesis dry matter translocation rate (26.86%) and nitrogen translocation rate at anthesis (73.47%). Among the photosynthetic parameters, the SPAD values during the early (r=0.833**), middle (r=0.900**), and late (r= 0.899**) grain-filling stages all exhibited highly significant positive correlation with the 1000-grain weight. Based on the correlation analysis between grain-filling characteristics and 1000-grain weight, the maximum grain-filling rate showed a highly significant positive correlation with the 1000-grain weight (r=0.83**). YN710 had the optimal grain-filling rate parameters, thereby achieving the highest 1000-grain weight (50.25 g). This study indicates that optimizing plant type, enhancing photosynthetic productivity, and coordinating spike number formation with grain-filling efficiency are key approaches for high-yield cultivation of winter wheat.

Key words: Winter wheat, Plant type, Grain filling, Photosynthetic characteristics, Dry matter translocation, Yield components

Fig.1

Changes in monthly average precipitation and temperature during the growing season of winter wheat from 2022 to 2023"

Table 1

Tiller number of winter wheat lines with different plant types ×104/hm2"

品系Line 分蘖期Tillering 拔节期Jointing 开花期Anthesis
YN710 1123±86b 1845±10b 643±45b
YN711 1256±94a 2017±12a 712±52a
YN712 1318±11a 2192±13a 782±61a

Table 2

Yield and its components of winter wheat lines with different plant types"

品系
Line		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 穗数
Spike number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains per
spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
YN710 8773.16±64.15b 491.04±26.20b 41.87±0.81b 50.25±0.29a
YN711 8583.33±67.27c 450.72±12.95c 45.60±1.35a 49.16±0.41b
YN712 8890.70±20.07a 641.60±9.01a 38.33±0.58c 42.53±0.22c

Table 3

Correlation analysis between yield and its components"

指标
Index		 产量
Yield		 穗数
Spike
number		 穗粒数
Grains per
spike		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight
产量Yield 1.000
穗数Spike number 0.690* 1.000
穗粒数Grains per spike -0.490 -0.909** 1.000
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.313 -0.587 0.733* 1.000

Table 4

Dry matter accumulation and translocation to grains of winter wheat lines with different plant types"

品系
Line		 开花期
干物质积累量
Dry matter
accumulation
at anthesis (kg/hm2)		 开花期
干物质转运量
Dry matter
translocation
at anthesis (kg/hm2)		 成熟期
干物质积累量
Dry matter
accumulation at
maturity (kg/hm2)		 花前干物质
对籽粒贡献率
Contribution rate of
pre-anthesis dry
matter to grain (%)		 花后干物质
对籽粒贡献率
Contribution rate of
post-anthesis dry
matter to grain (%)		 开花期
干物质转运率
Dry matter
translocation rate
at anthesis (%)
YN710 14 630.03b 3148.59b 20 266.49a 36.43a 63.57a 21.42a
YN711 13 925.36c 2710.26c 19 787.54a 31.86a 68.14a 19.32a
YN712 15 054.30a 4044.84a 19 901.43a 45.57a 54.43a 26.86a

Table 5

Nitrogen accumulation and grain distribution of winter wheat lines with different plant types"

品系
Line		 开花期氮素积累量
Nitrogen
accumulation
at anthesis
(kg/hm2)		 开花期氮素转运量
Nitrogen
translocation
amount at anthesis
(kg/hm2)		 成熟期
氮素积累量
Nitrogen
accumulation at
maturity (kg/hm2)		 花前氮素对籽粒
氮素的贡献率
Contribution rate of
pre-anthesis nitrogen
to grain nitrogen (%)		 花后氮素对籽粒
氮素的贡献率
Contribution rate of
post-anthesis nitrogen
to grain nitrogen (%)		 开花期氮素转运率
Nitrogen
translocation
rate at
anthesis (%)
YN710 250.70b 199.50a 273.70b 89.67a 10.33b 79.61a
YN711 218.18c 168.93b 263.56b 78.82b 21.18a 77.52a
YN712 284.65a 208.99a 309.74a 89.39a 10.61b 73.47a

Fig.2

Differences in SPAD values of flag leaves after anthesis of winter wheat lines with different plant types Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different lines (P < 0.05). The same below."

Fig.3

Differences in Pn after anthesis of winter wheat lines with different plant types"

Table 6

Correlation between photosynthetic parameters of flag leaves and 1000-grain weight from anthesis to maturity"

指标
Index		 开花期
Anthesis		 灌浆前期
Early grain-filling		 灌浆中期
Middle grain-filling		 灌浆后期
Late grain-filling		 灌浆末期
End of grain-filling		 成熟期
Maturity
SPAD 0.617 0.833** 0.900** 0.899** 0.510 0.615
Pn 0.780* 0.763* 0.780* 0.313 0.643 0.783*

Fig.4

1000-grain weight of strong and weak grain filling of winter wheat lines with different plant types A-Q: YN710 superior grain; B-Q: YN711 superior grain; C-Q: YN712 superior grain; A-R: YN710 inferior grain; B-R: YN711 inferior grain; C-R: YN712 inferior grain."

Table 7

Logistic equation parameters for grain filling of winter wheat lines with different plant types"

品系
Line		 粒位
Grain position		 k a b 相关系数
Correlation coefficient
YN710 强势粒 65.29 41.58 0.18 0.988**
弱势粒 54.36 53.62 0.18 0.992**
YN711 强势粒 64.35 25.28 0.17 0.993**
弱势粒 56.07 27.71 0.16 0.995**
YN712 强势粒 64.39 23.63 0.15 0.993**
弱势粒 51.20 44.12 0.18 0.982**

Table 8

Variance analysis of grain filling rate after anthesis of winter wheat lines with different plant types g/(1000粒?d) g/(1000 grains?d)"

粒位
Grain position		 品系
Line		 花后天数Days after anthesis
7 d 11 d 15 d 19 d 23 d 27 d 31 d 35 d 39 d
强势粒Superior grain YN710 0.72c 1.27b 2.00a 2.59a 2.64a 2.09a 1.36a 0.78a 0.41a
YN711 0.90a 1.43a 2.00a 2.37a 2.30b 1.84b 1.26a 0.77a 0.44a
YN712 0.76b 1.24b 1.79a 2.22a 2.27b 1.90ab 1.35a 0.85a 0.49a
弱势粒Inferior grain YN710 0.57c 1.08c 1.81a 2.48a 2.57a 1.99a 1.23a 0.66a 0.33ab
YN711 0.80a 1.30a 1.88a 2.27a 2.24a 1.80a 1.23a 0.75a 0.43a
YN712 0.66b 1.18b 1.84a 2.33a 2.27a 1.72a 1.07a 0.59a 0.30b

Table 9

Grain filling parameters and secondary parameters of winter wheat lines with different plant types"

品系Line Tmax Vmax T Vmean T1 T2 T3 K1 K2 K3 V1 V2 V3
YN710 21.75 2.31 42.89 1.36 13.95 14.63 14.30 12.70 34.69 11.49 0.79 2.34 0.93
YN711 20.48 2.40 44.72 1.27 12.16 16.46 16.09 12.69 34.66 11.49 0.79 2.08 0.82
YN712 21.46 2.70 45.73 1.20 13.17 16.46 16.09 12.19 33.31 11.04 0.73 2.00 0.77

Table 10

Correlation between grain filling parameters and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat lines with different plant types"

指标Index Vmax Vmean V1 V2 V3 T T1 T2 T3 K1 K2 K3 千粒重
1000-grain weight
Vmax 1.00
Vmean 0.94** 1.00
V1 0.58 0.79* 1.00
V2 1.00** 0.94** 0.59 1.00
V3 0.89** 0.94** 0.63 0.88** 1.00
T -0.57 -0.69* -0.45 -0.55 -0.88** 1.00
T1 0.55 0.24 -0.31 0.55 0.26 0.04 1.00
T2 -0.79* -0.72* -0.20 -0.78* -0.88** 0.81** -0.55 1.00
T3 -0.79* -0.72* -0.20 -0.78* -0.88** 0.82** -0.55 1.00** 1.00
K1 0.58 0.59 0.71* 0.60 0.29 0.15 0.15 0.04 0.04 1.00
K2 0.58 0.59 0.71* 0.60 0.29 0.15 0.15 0.04 0.04 1.00** 1.00
K3 0.58 0.59 0.71* 0.60 0.29 0.14 0.14 0.04 0.03 1.00** 1.00** 1.00
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.83** 0.70* 0.23 0.85** 0.57 -0.32 0.47 -0.65 -0.70 0.67* 0.67* 0.67* 1.00
[1] Huang N, Dong H Y, et al. High yield with efficient nutrient use: opportunities and challenges for wheat. iScience, 2023, 26(3):106135.
[2] 刘梦莹, 张玉, 张嘉豪, 等. 小麦直立株型种质耐密性评价及鉴定指标筛选. 麦类作物学报, 2025, 45(3):349-359.
[3] 梁永波, 李浩然, 张志慧, 等. 黄淮北部不同小麦品种(系)株型性状与产量关系研究. 麦类作物学报, 2022, 42(5):546-555.
[4] 丁永刚, 乔玉强, 李玮, 等. 安徽半冬性小麦品种(系)产量、品质及其稳定性分析. 麦类作物学报, 2025, 45(7):870-880.
[5] 阴卫军, 刘霞, 倪大鹏, 等. 播期对优质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量构成的影响. 山东农业科学, 2005(5):16-18,22.
[6] Ullah N, Nawaz M A, Alsafran M. Physiological mechanisms regulating source-sink interactions and grain yield formation in heat-stressed wheat. Plant Stress. 2024, 14:100654.
[7] Liu J M, Li S, et al. Effects of water and nitrogen rate on grain-filling characteristics under high-low seedbed cultivation in winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(12):4018-4031.
doi: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.002
[8] Liu Y, Liao Y C, Liu W Z. High nitrogen application rate and planting density reduce wheat grain yield by reducing filling rate of inferior grain in middle spikelets. The Crop Journal, 2021, 9 (2):412-426.
[9] 刘哲文, 郭丹丹, 常旭虹, 等. 氮肥追施时期和比例对强筋小麦籽粒灌浆及其生理机制的影响. 作物杂志, 2024(1):174-179.
[10] 李刚, 李超, 王焱栋, 等. 外源L-谷氨酸对花后干旱胁迫下小麦干物质积累分配、籽粒灌浆特性及品质形成的调控效应. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2024, 30(5):848-862.
[11] Zhao K M, Tao Y, Liu M M, et al. Does temporary heat stress or low temperature stress similarly affect yield, starch, and protein of winter wheat grain during grain filling?. Journal of Cereal Science, 2022, 103:103408.
[12] Liang Z M, Feng J Y, et al. Grain-filling strategies of wheat of contrasting grain sizes under various planting patterns and irrigation levels. The Crop Journal, 2024, 12(3):897-906.
[13] 蔡庆生, 吴兆苏. 小麦籽粒生长各阶段干物质积累量与粒重的关系. 南京农业大学学报, 1993, 16(1):27-32.
[14] 刘红杰, 倪永静, 任德超, 等. 不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征及其与千粒重的关系. 中国农业气象, 2019, 40(10):630-636.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2019.10.003
[15] Yan S C, Wu Y, Fan J L, et al. Effects of water and fertilizer management on grain filling characteristics, grain weight and productivity of drip-fertigated winter wheat. Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 213:983-995.
[16] Zhu Y G, Liu J, et al. Delayed sowing increased dry matter accumulation during stem elongation in winter wheat by improving photosynthetic yield and nitrogen accumulation. European Journal of Agronomy, 2023, 151:127004.
[17] 仝锦, 孙敏, 任爱霞, 等. 高产小麦品种植株干物质积累运转、土壤耗水与产量的关系. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(17):3467-3478.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.005
[18] 丁永刚, 陈欢, 曹承富, 等. 高光效小麦群体提高氮素吸收利用和产量的机理. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2024, 30(1):27-35.
[19] 刘水苗, 关小康, 赵志恒, 等. 冬麦播前耕作方式对麦玉轮作体系中玉米季土壤水分、籽粒灌浆特征及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(18):3568-3585.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.005
[20] 孙金英, 曹宏鑫, 焦玉光, 等. 9个品种(系)冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性分析. 大麦与谷类科学, 2016, 33(4):19-22.
[21] 崔党群. Logistic曲线方程的解析与拟合优度测验. 数理统计与管理, 2005(1):112-115.
[22] 王壮壮. 施氮量和种植密度对冬小麦根系形态分布特征与氮素利用效率及产量的影响. 郑州:河南农业大学, 2022.
[23] 王汉霞, 马巧云, 田立平, 等. 小麦新品种京花12号产量构成因素的相关分析与通径分析. 种子, 2020, 39(5):124-126.
[24] 吕广德, 亓晓蕾, 张继波, 等. 中、高产型小麦干物质和氮素累积转运对水氮的响应. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(9):1534-1547.
[25] 张丽霞, 杨永辉, 尹钧, 等. 水肥一体化对小麦干物质和氮素积累转运及产量的影响. 农业机械学报, 2021, 52(2):275-282,319.
[26] 卢杰, 董连生, 常成, 等. 种植密度对不同小麦品种产量构成及抗倒伏性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2021, 41(1):81-87.
[1] Wu Huijuan, Geng Xiaoli, Li Deming, Zhou Dongchang, Fu Ping, Liu Qian, Du Xiaocun. Effects of Foliar Spraying with Different Iron Fertilizers on Seed Yield and Its Components in Oat [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(5): 233-238.
[2] Li Jie, Zhang Yongqiang, Lei Junjie, Lü Xiaoqing, Chen Chuanxin, Xu Qijiang, Nie Shihui, Xu Wenxiu, Chang Xuhong. Effects of Different Urea Types and Application Methods on Plant Characteristics and Yield Composition of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(5): 266-271.
[3] Zhou Qi, Zhang Jing, Wang Zhenlong, Shi Zhiguo, Deng Chaochao, Chang Hao, Liu Yang, Zhou Yanfang. Effects of Green Manure Incorporation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Quality, Oat Yield and Quality in Hexi Irrigation District of Gansu Province [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(4): 188-196.
[4] Huang Jie, Wang Jun, Cao Yanyan, Ge Changbin, Liao Pingʼan, Qiao Jiliang, Zhou Yang, Zhang Zhenyong, Sun Xianye. Characteristics of Grain Filling and Dehydration Rate and Their Relationships with Yield of Different Wheat Varieties [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(4): 49-57.
[5] Wang Li, Zhang Chengjie, Hu Haoran, Ning Liyun, Wu Yifan, Guo Rensong, Zhang Jusong. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Sea Island Cotton [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 116-124.
[6] Li Jiahao, Jia Yonghong, Lian Shihao, Liu Yue, Yu Shan, Tian Wenqiang, Wang Ziqian, Zhang Jinshan, Shi Shubing. Effects of Prohexadione-Calcium and Phosphorus Application Rate on the Growth, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Yield of Winter Wheat [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 165-171.
[7] Yang Zepeng, Wan Kejun, Zheng Shenghua, Ao Yuqin, Ma Mingkun, Wan Xue, Li Shanshan, Song Xin, Wang Changtao, Chen Shanghong, Liu Dinghui, Chen Honglin. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seeding Amount Configuration on Yield Formation of Rapeseed by Aerial Seeding [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(3): 225-232.
[8] Li Junzhi, Dou Shuang, Wang Xiaodong, Zhang Meng, Xiao Jibing. Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on Sorghum Growth and Development [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(2): 234-240.
[9] Hu Congcong, Li Hongyu, Sun Xianlong, Wang Tong, Zhao Haicheng, Fan Mingyu, Zhang Gongliang. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Rice in Cold Region [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(1): 147-154.
[10] Zhou Miaomiao, He Ruitong, Li Lan, Wang Hongxin, Peng Haoyuan, Zhang Yubo, Zhang Dan, Wang Jinbin, Luo Xinning, Qi Bingqin. Effects of Growth Regulators “EDAH” on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Formation of Maize under High Planting Density [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(1): 162-169.
[11] Yang Dandan, Han Xue, Kong Xinxin, Zhao Guoxuan, Su Yazhong, Zhao Pengfei, Jin Jianmeng, Zhao Guojian. Identification of Osmotic Stress Resistance and Analysis of Related Agronomic Traits of 71 Winter Wheat Seedlings [J]. Crops, 2025, 41(1): 243-249.
[12] Fu Xingfei, Li Yaqi, Yu Haohao, Li Guiping, Bi Xiaofei, Li Yanan, Hu Faguang, Tai Jie. Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resistant Enzymes in Coffee Leaves under Different Levels of Leaf Rust Damage [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(6): 186-193.
[13] Liu Akang, Li Li, Chang Xuhong, Wang Demei, Wang Yanjie, Liu Xiwei, Yang Yushuang, Zhao Guangcai. Key Technology for Autumn Sowing and Pre-Winter Management of Winter Wheat [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(6): 254-256.
[14] Yu Mu, Yang Haitang, Hu Yanling, Liu Ruanzhi, Shi Yanzhao, Li Pan, Han Yanhong, Zhu Zhenzhen, Li Shizhong, Guo Zhenchao. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Stability of Yield Components in Peanut [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(6): 55-60.
[15] Li Junzhi, Wang Xiaodong, Dou Shuang, Xin Zongxu, Wu Hongsheng, Zhou Yufei, Xiao Jibing. Effects of L-Tryptophan on Growth and Development of Sorghum under Low Nitrogen Condition [J]. Crops, 2024, 40(5): 175-180.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!