Crops ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 54-59.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.01.008

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Identification, Evaluation and Screening of Cold Tolerance in Japonica Rice at Germination Stage in Northern China

Jiang Kunwei(), Sun Guocai, Wang Jian, Wang Guiyan, Cui Yuefeng()   

  1. Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tieling 112616, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2024-08-14 Revised:2024-10-11 Online:2026-02-15 Published:2026-02-10

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Abstract:

Northern Japonica rice region is susceptible to cold damage, and breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties is the most direct and effective means to address this issue. In this study, 45 accessions of northern Japonica rice were used as experimental materials. Under 14 °C cold stress, seven indicators including germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index of shoot, vigor index of root, average germination days, and germination coefficient were measured. Multivariate statistical methods such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), membership function comprehensive analysis, and cluster analysis, were employed to evaluate cold tolerance. The results showed that all germination indicators exhibited varying degrees of decline under cold stress, with the vigor index of root showing the most obvious decrease. By calculating the membership function values of each indicator, the seven indicators were transformed into two comprehensive indicators through PCA. Cluster analysis was then used to categorize the 45 accessions into four groups, successfully screening 13 cold-tolerant materials. Furthermore, a regression equation was established, which identified that germination potential, germination rate, vigor index of root, and germination coefficient are the key indicators for evaluating cold tolerance in northern Japonica rice at the germination stage.

Key words: Japonica rice, Germination stage, Cold stress, Comprehensive evaluation

Table 1

Information of tested rice from China"

编号Number 材料Material 来源Origin 编号Number 材料Material 来源Origin
J1 吉粳860 吉林省农业科学院 J11 优育104 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所
J2 吉大388 吉林大学植物科学学院 J12 松粮850 松原粮食集团水稻研究所有限公司
J3 富禾稻1305 辽宁东亚种业有限公司 J13 吉粳855 吉林省农业科学院
J4 京粳24 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 J14 北粳255 沈阳农业大学
J5 天隆优717 辽宁天隆生物科技有限公司 J15 新疆-10 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院
J6 沈稻523 沈阳农业大学 J16 天隆优619 天津天隆种业科技有限公司
J7 沈稻97 沈阳农业大学 J17 铁粳1913 铁岭市农业科学院
J8 吉大978 吉林大学植物科学学院 J18 铁粳1947 铁岭市农业科学院
J9 盐粳2122 辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所 J19 铁粳1811 铁岭市农业科学院
J10 盘粳508 盘锦北方农业技术开发有限公司 J20 铁粳1808 铁岭市农业科学院
J21 铁粳96 铁岭市农业科学院 J33 花粳97 辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所
J22 铁粳1603 铁岭市农业科学院 J34 东研稻27 东港市示范繁殖农场
J23 铁粳1743 铁岭市农业科学院 J35 港优9号 东港市示范繁殖农场
J24 铁粳1712 铁岭市农业科学院 J36 阳光33 大石桥市阳光种业有限公司
J25 北粳3-2 沈阳农业大学 J37 沈农315 沈阳农业大学
J26 北粳4号 沈阳农业大学 J38 丹213 丹东农业科学院
J27 北粳K13 沈阳农业大学 J39 盐粳196 辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所
J28 铁粳11号 铁岭市农业科学院 J40 沈农518 沈阳农业大学
J29 铁粳香3号 铁岭市农业科学院 J41 盘粳202 盘锦北方农业技术开发有限公司
J30 营育9号 大石桥市阳光种业有限公司 J42 天实稻821 沈阳市天实水稻技术研究所
J31 沈稻6号 沈阳农业大学 J43 辽粳810 辽宁省水稻研究所
J32 辽粳9号 辽宁省水稻研究所

Table 2

Trait indexes of 45 rice materials at germination stage under cold stress"

处理
Treatment		 项目
Item		 发芽势
GP (%)		 发芽率
GR (%)		 发芽指数
GI (%)		 芽活力指数
VIS		 根活力指数
VIR		 平均发芽天数
AGD (d)		 发芽系数
GC
T 最大值Max. 0.92 0.98 45.70 594.46 516.00 11.39 0.31
最小值Min. 0.00 0.27 3.12 10.61 0.00 2.98 0.03
平均值Mean 0.46 0.83 19.55 226.52 177.64 6.27 0.16
标准差SD 0.30 0.19 10.15 173.19 150.70 2.17 0.07
变异系数CV (%) 65.90 23.57 51.94 76.45 84.83 34.59 48.17
CK 最大值Max. 1.00 1.00 95.65 2037.35 3118.19 3.49 0.92
最小值Min. 0.16 0.93 32.58 485.47 729.83 1.09 0.27
平均值Mean 0.76 0.98 67.96 1171.22 1688.77 1.96 0.56
标准差SD 0.19 0.02 18.15 386.99 593.31 0.62 0.18
变异系数CV (%) 25.03 1.95 26.71 33.04 35.13 31.83 32.17

Table 3

Cold tolerance coefficients of 45 rice materials at germination stage"

项目Item CRC1 CRC2 CRC3 CRC4 CRC5 CRC6 CRC7
最大值Max. 0.99 0.99 0.56 0.42 0.26 5.62 0.50
最小值Min. 0.00 0.27 0.06 0.02 0.00 1.66 0.07
平均值Mean 0.55 0.84 0.28 0.18 0.10 3.28 0.28
标准差SD 0.33 0.19 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.90 0.10
变异系数CV (%) 60.16 22.99 38.98 63.80 74.85 27.40 37.24

Fig.1

Correlation analysis of cold tolerance coefficients of 45 rice materials at germination stage “**”and“***”indicate extremely significant correlations at the P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 levels, respectively."

Table 4

Principal component analysis of cold tolerance coefficients of 45 rice materials"

项目Item CI1 CI2
CRC1 0.174 0.061
CRC2 0.135 0.605
CRC3 0.182 ?0.063
CRC4 0.179 0.099
CRC5 0.173 0.108
CRC6 ?0.119 0.744
CRC7 0.179 ?0.162
特征值Eigenvalue 5.266 1.024
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 75.233 14.633
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 75.233 89.866

Fig.2

Clustering heat maps of cold tolerance of 45 rice accessions at germination stage under cold stress"

Table 5

Estimation accuracy of regression analysis equation for cold tolerance evaluation at germination stage"

编号
Number		 D D1 精度
Accuracy (%)		 编号
Number		 D D1 精度
Accuracy (%)		 编号
Number		 D D1 精度
Accuracy (%)
J1 0.384 0.387 99.174 J16 0.668 0.657 98.367 J31 0.529 0.534 98.923
J2 0.481 0.484 99.154 J17 0.583 0.601 97.027 J32 0.802 0.824 97.274
J3 0.094 0.101 92.947 J18 0.233 0.233 99.989 J33 0.480 0.473 98.567
J4 0.251 0.239 95.434 J19 0.542 0.534 98.123 J34 0.714 0.721 99.136
J5 0.711 0.681 95.834 J20 0.675 0.681 99.014 J35 0.676 0.711 95.137
J6 0.430 0.441 97.413 J21 0.754 0.723 95.906 J36 0.352 0.349 98.978
J7 0.229 0.223 97.389 J22 0.797 0.811 98.264 J37 0.065 0.068 95.174
J8 0.593 0.618 95.981 J23 0.689 0.722 95.467 J38 0.402 0.401 99.751
J9 0.581 0.596 97.442 J24 0.584 0.552 94.586 J39 0.415 0.411 98.933
J10 0.310 0.311 99.528 J25 0.499 0.513 97.244 J40 0.519 0.519 99.923
J11 0.155 0.166 93.599 J26 0.427 0.438 97.484 J41 0.777 0.724 93.275
J12 0.851 0.828 97.190 J27 0.761 0.746 97.864 J42 0.558 0.554 99.273
J13 0.173 0.180 95.908 J28 0.440 0.444 99.196 J43 0.397 0.400 99.238
J14 0.377 0.386 97.729 J29 0.890 0.891 99.917 J44 0.258 0.258 99.964
J15 0.641 0.666 96.304 J30 0.024 0.025 94.756 J45 0.364 0.336 92.264
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