Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 61-68.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.06.009

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Effects of Low Temperature under Different Phases between Sowing and Seedling Periods on Growth and Physiological Resistance of Maize Seedlings

Jian Liqun1(), Zhang Yifei1,2, Yang Kejun1,3(), Wang Yufeng1,2, Chen Tianyu1, Zhang Jiwei1, Zhang Jinsong1, Li Qing1, Liu Tianhao1, Xiao Shanshan1, Peng Cheng4, Wang Baosheng5   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    3Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Provincial Cultivation Collaborative Innovation Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    4Qixingpao Farm in Heilongjiang Province, Heihe 161435, Heilongjiang, China
    5Heshan Farm in Heilongjiang Province, Heihe 161443, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2020-02-07 Revised:2020-03-16 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Yang Kejun E-mail:bynkjlq@163.com;byndykj@163.com

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Abstract:

In order to cope with the adverse effects of periodic low temperature caused by the future climate change on the maize seedlings establishment in cold region, maize variety Xianyu 335 was used as test material, and based on the dynamic simulation of maize field temperature condition in cold region, two-factor completely randomized design was applied at different low temperature treatment phases (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30 days after sowing) and durations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days) were set up, respectively. The changes in differences of maize seedling emergence process, seedling growth, biomass accumulation and resistance physiological indexes among every treatment combination were compared and analyzed. The results showed that 1-5 days of low temperature treatment, no matter at which phase, could reduce the emergence rate and survival rate, inhibit the growth and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings, and caused the decrease of chlorophyll content and the maximum photochemical efficiency of leaves, as well as the increase of osmoregulation substance content and membrane lipid peroxidation level. The degree of influence was increasing with the low temperature durations, and the plants during 11-25 days after sowing, especially 16-20 days (the critical period of coleoptile break through the soil and seeding emergence) were most sensitive to low temperature.

Key words: Maize, Periodic low temperature, Low temperature duration, Seedling growth, Resistant physiological index

Fig.1

Variation trend for the daily average ground temperature in spring and the artificial simulated conditions of temperature"

Fig.2

Effects of different low temperature durations at different stages on seedling emergence rate of maize"

Table 1

Interactive effects of low temperature treatment phases and durations on maize seedling emergence rate and survival rate"

试验因素
Experimental
factor		 处理
Treatment		 出苗速率
Seedling
emergence rate		 成苗率
Seedling survival
rate (%)
P P1 0.046b 93.49a
P2 0.044cd 93.23a
P3 0.045bc 92.97a
P4 0.042e 89.58a
P5 0.043de 91.41a
P6 0.048a 92.45a
D D0 0.049a 98.44a
D1 0.046b 96.35ab
D2 0.045bc 93.49bc
D3 0.044cd 90.89cd
D4 0.043d 88.54de
D5 0.042d 85.42e
F值F-value P 17.44** 1.42
D 19.18** 13.84**
P×D 1.06 0.53

Fig.3

Effects of different low temperature durations at different stages on seedling survival rate of maize"

Table 2

Effects of low temperature treatment phases and durations on morphological parameters and biomass accumulations of maize seedlings"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎基部直径
Diameter for basal
part of stem (cm)		 叶面积
Leaf area
(cm2)		 胚芽鞘长
Coleoptile
length (cm)		 初生胚根长
Primary radicle
length (cm)		 植株鲜重
Plant fresh
weight (g)		 植株干重
Plant dry
weight (g)		 贮藏物质转运率
Storage substance
transportation ratio (%)
P1D0 17.48a 0.348a 27.25a 1.89e 14.26a 1.47a 0.177a 59.6a
P1D1 16.89ab 0.335ab 23.87b 1.96bcde 12.73b 1.42ab 0.161ab 59.0ab
P1D2 16.62abc 0.327abcd 22.15cde 1.97bcde 11.77c 1.36abcde 0.151abc 57.5abc
P1D3 16.48abcd 0.326abcd 21.02cdefghi 1.97bcde 11.48cd 1.30abcdef 0.15abc 54.3abcd
P1D4 16.33abcd 0.326abcd 19.90ghij 1.98abcde 10.63defghi 1.27abcdef 0.145abcd 53.7abcd
P1D5 16.08bcde 0.318bcdefgh 19.59hijk 1.99abcde 9.79hijklm 1.22abcdefgh 0.138bcde 52.9abcde
P2D0 17.48a 0.348a 27.25a 1.89e 14.26a 1.47a 0.177a 59.6a
P2D1 16.33abcd 0.329abc 22.43bcd 1.96bcde 11.64cdef 1.42ab 0.163abc 55.9abc
P2D2 16.28abcd 0.325abcde 21.33cdefgh 1.97bcde 11.23cdefg 1.31abcdef 0.155abcd 52.5abcde
P2D3 16.24abcd 0.322abcdef 20.69defghi 1.98bcde 10.78fghijk 1.23abcdefgh 0.145abcd 52.3abcde
P2D4 15.96bcde 0.321abcdefg 20.24fghij 1.98abcde 10.13hijklm 1.18bcdefgh 0.135bcde 50.7bcdef
P2D5 15.61bcdefg 0.320bcdefg 19.32ijkl 2.00abcde 9.98mn 1.15cdefghi 0.121bcde 50.7bcdef
P3D0 17.48a 0.348a 27.25a 1.89e 14.26a 1.47a 0.177a 59.6a
P3D1 16.28abcd 0.302cdefghi 22.09cdef 2.01abcde 11.6cd 1.38abcd 0.151ab 56.7abc
P3D2 15.97bcde 0.302cdefghi 21.07cdefghi 2.02abcde 11.31cde 1.24abcdefg 0.147abcd 52.9abcde
P3D3 15.78bcdef 0.290hi 20.41efghi 2.04abcde 10.91cdefgh 1.20bcdefgh 0.143bcde 51.2abcdef
P3D4 15.71bcdefg 0.290hi 19.89ghij 2.08abcde 9.96fghijk 1.15cdefghi 0.139bcde 50.1cdef
P3D5 15.27defg 0.288i 19.31ijkl 2.10abcd 8.90fghijk 1.12defghi 0.136bcdef 49.3cdef
P4D0 17.48a 0.348a 27.25a 1.89e 14.26a 1.47a 0.177a 59.6a
P4D1 14.90efgh 0.296fghi 18.54jkl 2.05abcde 10.43efghij 1.21bcdefgh 0.147abcd 54.6abcd
P4D2 13.90hijk 0.293ghi 16.81mn 2.09abcde 9.90ghijkl 1.05fghij 0.138bcde 50.1cdef
P4D3 13.43ijk 0.290i 15.60nop 2.11abc 9.68ijklm 0.98hijk 0.122cdef 45.8defg
P4D4 13.27jk 0.288i 15.05op 2.13ab 9.32klm 0.87jk 0.106ef 44.6efg
P4D5 12.78k 0.280i 14.15p 2.19a 8.25n 0.79k 0.099f 39.5g
P5D0 17.48a 0.348a 27.25a 1.89e 14.26a 1.47a 0.177a 59.6a
P5D1 16.09bcde 0.324abcdef 21.10cdefghi 1.90cde 11.22cde 1.29abcdef 0.163ab 57.0abc
P5D2 15.54cdefg 0.307bcdefghi 20.69defghi 1.91cde 9.85hijkl 1.24abcdefg 0.144abcd 56.6abc
P5D3 14.47ghij 0.305cdefghi 19.93ghij 1.92bcde 9.47jklm 1.17bcdefgh 0.137bcde 49.3cdef
P5D4 13.84hijk 0.303cdefghi 17.67lm 1.93bcde 9.29klm 0.99ghijk 0.114def 44.3efg
P5D5 13.65ijk 0.300defgji 16.47mno 1.94bcde 8.94lmn 0.92ijk 0.113def 43.3fg
P6D0 17.48a 0.348a 27.25a 1.89e 14.26a 1.47a 0.177a 59.6a
P6D1 15.51cdefg 0.321abcdef 22.81bc 1.92de 10.97cd 1.38abc 0.161ab 57.0abc
P6D2 15.42cdefg 0.318bcdefgh 21.63cdefg 1.88bcde 10.87cde 1.29abcdef 0.143abc 53.9abcd
P6D3 14.89efgh 0.297efghi 21.04cdefghi 1.93bcde 10.14cdef 1.15cdefghi 0.137abcd 52.1abcde
P6D4 14.55fghi 0.297efghi 19.67hijk 1.93bcde 9.78fghijk 1.15cdefghi 0.133bcde 51.8abcdef
P6D5 14.48ghij 0.290i 17.90klm 1.95bcde 8.79lmn 1.12efghi 0.128cdef 49.9cdef
F值F-value
P 19.76** 13.89** 50.70** 6.16** 18.77** 5.89** 2.74 3.31**
D 27.20** 27.67** 216.98** 3.55* 200.51** 15.04** 17.73** 12.17**
P×D 1.21 0.80 2.71** 0.31 1.48 0.39 0.39 0.46

Fig.4

Leaf chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency of maize seedlings effected by low temperature with different phases and various durations"

Table 3

Interactive effects of low temperature treatment phases and durations on characteristics of maize seedling leaf photosynthesis and physiological indexes for resistance"

试验因素
Experimental factor		 处理
Treatment		 SPAD Fv/Fm 可溶性蛋白含量
Soluble protein
content (mg/g FW)		 脯氨酸含量
Proline content
(μg/g FW)		 可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar
content (mg/g FW)		 丙二醛含量
Malondialdehyde content (μmol/g FW)
P P1 33.94a 0.764a 2.85e 24.90d 0.62e 3.45e
P2 33.72a 0.760a 2.98d 25.28cd 0.67d 3.66d
P3 33.35a 0.752b 3.00d 26.05c 0.80c 4.11c
P4 29.74c 0.737d 3.33a 30.52a 0.93a 4.55a
P5 31.30b 0.743cd 3.29b 29.11b 0.83b 4.35b
P6 31.92b 0.749bc 3.11c 28.74b 0.81c 4.14c
D D0 36.13a 0.767a 2.37f 20.66f 0.44f 2.95f
D1 33.35b 0.756b 2.73e 23.24e 0.62e 3.71e
D2 32.55b 0.753bc 2.96d 25.82d 0.72d 4.01d
D3 31.33c 0.747cd 3.23c 29.38c 0.83c 4.26c
D4 30.71cd 0.742de 3.52b 31.36b 0.94b 4.51b
D5 29.91d 0.738e 3.75a 34.16a 1.11a 4.81a
F值F-value P 29.28** 14.17** 382.70** 72.26** 450.61** 188.36**
D 54.20** 15.42** 2 921.27** 349.68** 1 940.62** 470.94**
P×D 1.80* 0.93 86.20** 4.97** 31.30** 9.32**

Fig.5

Changes of leaf physiological indexes for resistance effected by low temperature with different phases and various durations"

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