Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 22-31.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.004

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Comprehensive Phenotype Evaluation of 264 Major Foxtail Millet Bred Varieties (Lines)

Lü Jianzhen1(), Ren Ying1, Wang Hongyong1, Zhang Tingjun2, Ma Jianping1, Zhao Kai1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
    2Institute of Agriculture Sciences of the Sixth Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Wujiaqu 831300, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2021-08-10 Revised:2021-11-03 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Zhao Kai E-mail:lvjianzhen110@163.com;zhaokai017@126.com

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Abstract:

The phenotype evaluation of 29 agronomic traits from 264 varieties (lines) in China was made. The phenotype genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of materials were also carried out. The results showed that the genetic diversity index (H') of 15 quantitative traits was 2.0078, and the highest H' was grain weight per panicle (2.0841). The H' of nine quality traits was 0.7293. The H' of the growth periods was 1.6620, the flowering to maturity showed the highest (2.0387). The correlation analysis showed that, among the quantitative traits, 64 correlation coefficients reached significant or very significant levels, and the correlation coefficient between plant height and each reproductive period were higher. In qualitative traits, correlation coefficients of leaf sheath color and leaf pillow color, hull color and grain color reached extremely significant level. The highest correlation coefficient existed between flowering to maturity and the whole growth period. The 20 phenotype traits were significantly correlated with the F-value, and the leaf length, panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, and main panicle length had higher correlation coefficients with F-value. The tested varieties were clustered and classified into three groups. Group I mostly represented mid-late maturity, high-stem, and large-panicle. The materials in group II were medium short stalk with small panicle, and the materials in group III were early maturity with low plant height. The clustering results didn't show obvious geographical characteristics.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Agronomic traits, Diversity index, Comprehensive evaluation, Cluster analysis

Table 1

The varieties (lines) of foxtail millet"

来源
Origin		 品种（系）
Variety (line)		 数量
Number
河南Henan
豫谷18号,豫谷19号,豫谷25,豫谷26,豫谷31号,豫谷32号,豫谷35,豫谷36,豫谷38,豫谷41,安11-8097,安16h-8334,安17h-8161,安15h-8306 14
河北Hebei



黄旗黄,承12-1024,承14-846,承15-m328,承11-727,承谷14,承谷9号,13-1126,承01-472,衡谷2019-1,衡谷25号,衡谷26号,衡谷2019-1,冀谷168,冀谷31,冀谷35,冀谷36,K1918,冀谷37,冀谷38,冀谷39,冀谷40,冀谷41,冀谷42,冀谷43,冀谷45号,冀谷46号,冀早谷1号,矮88,金香谷 30



黑龙江Heilongjiang
龙11-7004,龙谷25,龙谷32,龙谷34,龙谷38,龙谷35,嫩选15,嫩选18,黑龙江红谷 9
吉林Jilin 九谷16号,九谷19号,九谷23,吉1050,公矮2号,公矮5号,公谷75,公谷76,公谷88 9
辽宁Liaoning 朝1001,朝1953,朝1977,朝2016-181,朝谷20,朝谷21,朝谷58,朝1459,辽谷4号,368,朝1513 11
内蒙古
Inner Mongolia


矮88×张杂谷13号,赤214-14,赤217-28,赤264-17,赤谷16,赤谷17号,赤优金苗1号,金苗K2,黄金谷1号,黄金谷2号,黄金谷3号,赤优抗谷1号,赤优抗谷2（3份）,峰红谷,峰红谷-1,峰红谷-2,峰红谷3号,峰红谷4号,峰优谷18,1751-15,1751-6,C21,赤峰山西红谷,黄金谷,黄金苗,吨糯,蒙丰谷7号,跑死马,赤草6号 31



山东Shandong 济谷16,济谷22 2
陕西Shaanxi 陕豫谷3号,K864-3,延2017-23 3
北京Beijing K175-2,中谷2号,中谷9号 3
甘肃Gansu 陇谷13 1
来源
Origin		 品种（系）
Variety (line)		 数量
Number
山西育成种
Shanxi bred materials





大同29,大同30,大同34号,晋谷21号,晋谷29号,晋谷40号,晋谷54号,晋谷57号,晋汾02,晋汾103,晋汾106,晋汾107,晋汾109,晋汾110,晋汾111,晋汾112,晋汾113,晋汾114,晋汾115,晋汾116,晋汾57号,晋汾97,汾选8号,汾黑2014-1,K18-1,晋谷26号,汾特6号,吕黑谷（选）,沁黄2号,沁黄3号,华金矮2号,华金杂4号,华金早3号,忻谷4号,利谷1号,晋谷16号,晋谷30号,CN2011-3,CNN2011-2,长分1号,长分2号,长谷1501,长谷478,长谷4号,长谷529,长农35号,长农40号,长农41号,长农43号,长农44号,长农45,长农46,长农47,长农48,长农49,长农50号,长农51号,长农52号,长生07,长生10,长生11,长生13,长生14,长生15,长生16,长生17,长生19,晋谷17号,晋谷28号 69






山西农家种
Shanxi farmhouse materials		 毛谷,竹叶青,小香米,朱砂红,农家红谷,阳曲红谷,红谷,灰谷,黄冬谷,长穗黄,吨谷1号,红粘谷,粘谷,小红谷 14
单位自育Bred by unit






晋谷36早熟,77-322,02-26,04-170,06-162,94-54,94-57,06-213,07-114,07-130,08-132-1,K4001,K4002,K4028,K5001,K5015,K6022,K测1,K12-617,海鉴11,海鉴4,海鉴8,南1003,南1042,南1070,M4001,M4013,M6006,M测7,M鉴17,M鉴2,M鉴5,SM4010,SM6001,SM6009,太选13,晋兴谷1号,晋谷34号,晋谷36号,晋谷42号,晋谷41号,晋谷45号,晋谷46号,晋谷48号,晋谷51号,晋谷52号,晋谷53号,晋谷55号,晋谷58号,晋谷59号,晋谷60号,晋谷62号,太选谷21,太选谷22,太选谷23,太选谷24,太选谷25,太选谷26,太选谷27,太选谷28,太选谷29,太选谷30,太选谷31,太选谷32,太选谷33,太选谷34,太选谷35,太选谷36 68






Table 2

Investigate norm and nine traits from foxtail millet"

性状Trait 赋值Norm
叶鞘色LSC 1（绿）,2（浅紫）,3（紫）
花药色AC 1（黄）,2（白）,3（褐）
叶枕色LPC 1（无）,2（弱）,3（中）,4（强）
刚毛长度BL 1（短）,2（中）,3（长）
刚毛色BC 1（绿）,2（紫）
穗型SS 1（纺锤）,2（棍棒）,3（筒形）,4（鸡嘴）
穗颈形状SPN 2（中弯）,3（弯曲）
粒色HC 1（黄）,2（白）,3（灰）,4（黑）,5（褐）,6（红）
米色GC 1（黄）,2（浅黄）,3（灰绿）,4（白）,5（灰色）

Table 3

Variation of quantitative traits in tested materials"

农艺性状
Agronomic trait		 平均值±标准差
Mean±SD		 变幅
Range		 H′
分蘖数TN 1.47±0.65 1.00~6.20 1.5942
主茎节数NNMS 14.61±1.28 10.00~18.60 2.0200
株高PH (cm) 121.47±18.48 71.60~179.00 2.0106
穗颈长PEL (cm) 28.56±4.11 16.25~41.0 2.0522
叶长LL (cm) 46.67±5.16 24.70~61.20 2.0515
叶宽LW (cm) 3.51±0.39 2.18~4.84 2.0516
主穗长MPL (cm) 25.61±3.44 16.40~41.20 2.0289
穗粗PD (mm) 29.09±4.19 15.64~46.43 2.0280
主茎直径DMS (mm) 7.46±0.88 3.76~10.98 2.0055
单穗码数SN 111.68±16.16 72.00~156.20 2.0826
单码粒数GNS 130.33±38.12 53.40~308.80 2.0324
千粒重TGW (g) 2.93±0.28 1.99~3.83 2.0287
单穗重PW (g) 25.12±6.05 7.22~41.89 2.0733
穗粒重GWP (g) 21.21±5.27 5.78~36.44 2.0841
出谷率MMP (%) 84.32±3.29 72.68~90.92 1.9733

Table 4

The growth period and H′ of tested materials"

生育期
Growth period		 平均值±标准差
Mean±SD (d)		 范围
Range (d)		 H′
播种至出苗期SE 7.09±0.71 6~10 0.7922
出苗至抽穗期EH 63.52±5.75 42~77 1.8726
抽穗至开花期HF 5.97±1.29 3~12 1.6216
开花至成熟期FM 50.59±6.95 35~69 2.0387
全生育期SM 120.08±10.26 97~137 1.9851

Fig.1

Correlative analysis of tested materials TN: number of tillers, NNMS: node number of main stem, PH: plant height, PEL: peduncle length, LL: leaf length, LW: leaf width, MPL: main panicle length, PD: panicle diameter, DMS: diameter of main stem, SN: spike number, GNS: grain number per spike, TGW: 1000-grain weight, PW: panicle weight, GWP: grain weight per panicle, MMP: milled millet percentage. SE: seedling to emergent, EH: emergent to heading, HF: heading to flowering, FM: flowering to maturity, SM: seedling to maturity, LSC: leaf sheath color, AC: anther color, LPC: leaf pillow color, BL: bristle length, BC: bristle color, SS: spike shape, SPN: shape of panicle neck, HC: hull color, GC: grain color, the same below.“*”,“**”and“***”indicate significant difference at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 level, respectively"

Table 5

Principal component analysis based on 29 phenotypic traits of tested materials"

农艺性状Agronomic trait PV1 PV2 PV3 PV4 PV5 PV6 PV7 PV8 PV9 PV10 PV10 PV12 PV13
分蘖数TN -0.0753 -0.2896 -0.0316 0.0285 0.2109 -0.3343 0.2586 0.0057 0.3221 -0.0399 0.0230 -0.0405 -0.3774
主茎节数NNMS 0.2983 -0.0017 0.1262 -0.0243 -0.2442 -0.0253 -0.1152 0.1563 0.1826 0.1097 0.2675 -0.1501 -0.0699
株高PH (cm) 0.2570 0.2169 0.1457 -0.1451 -0.1396 0.1117 0.0495 -0.0368 0.2223 -0.1071 0.2372 -0.1492 -0.1503
穗颈长度PEL (cm) 0.0561 0.4104 0.0974 -0.2090 0.0242 0.1231 0.1281 -0.1454 -0.0473 -0.1709 -0.0893 -0.0373 -0.0848
叶长LL (cm) 0.2583 0.1239 0.1782 0.0468 0.3232 -0.2028 0.0822 0.0320 -0.1125 0.0510 0.0109 0.0140 0.0654
叶宽LW (cm) 0.2686 -0.1930 -0.0880 0.0187 0.0600 0.1045 -0.0060 -0.1244 -0.2347 0.0468 -0.0774 0.0358 0.3474
主穗长MPL (cm) 0.1320 0.2215 0.1404 0.1750 0.5230 -0.0674 0.0425 0.0259 -0.0885 0.0235 0.0409 -0.0362 0.1011
穗粗PD (mm) 0.2206 -0.1068 -0.2640 0.0657 0.0129 -0.0324 0.0552 0.1428 -0.3663 -0.1778 0.2597 0.0831 0.0092
主茎直径DMS (mm) 0.2551 -0.0659 0.0055 0.1903 -0.0954 -0.1457 0.0597 -0.0102 -0.0352 0.2772 0.2914 -0.0374 -0.0274
单穗码数SN 0.1237 -0.1607 0.1325 0.0841 0.3544 -0.0257 -0.3801 -0.0360 0.0801 0.0235 -0.3171 -0.0057 0.0943
单码粒数GNS 0.1178 0.1689 -0.2255 0.2231 -0.1428 0.0069 0.1743 0.3636 0.0196 -0.2217 -0.2330 -0.1606 -0.1815
千粒重TGW (g) 0.0419 0.1564 -0.1022 -0.0076 0.2572 0.3498 -0.0012 -0.3822 0.0710 0.3741 0.2492 -0.1077 -0.1637
单穗重PW (g) 0.3102 0.1255 -0.2186 0.2739 -0.0049 0.0099 0.0294 0.0218 0.0013 -0.0598 -0.1521 -0.0702 0.0032
穗粒重GWP (g) 0.2998 0.1496 -0.1965 0.3124 -0.0416 0.0090 0.0212 -0.0109 0.0547 -0.0225 -0.1871 -0.0435 -0.0069
出谷率MMP (%) 0.0074 0.2014 0.0942 0.3248 -0.2398 -0.0057 -0.0576 -0.2451 0.3116 0.2637 -0.2745 0.1379 -0.0262
播种至出苗期SE (d) -0.0381 -0.0128 -0.2900 0.2026 -0.0694 0.0388 0.1603 -0.1106 0.0594 0.1286 0.1942 0.6891 0.0234
出苗至抽穗期EH (d) 0.3060 -0.1954 0.2052 -0.0582 -0.0464 -0.1685 -0.0096 0.0469 0.1497 0.0908 0.0676 0.0145 -0.0837
抽穗至开花期HF (d) 0.0047 0.1392 -0.1104 -0.0743 0.1346 0.1687 -0.1238 0.3232 0.4873 -0.1741 0.3102 0.0899 0.5102
开花至成熟期FM (d) 0.2557 0.0330 -0.0294 -0.3522 0.0135 0.1364 0.2043 -0.1941 -0.0961 -0.1026 -0.1621 0.2047 -0.0825
全生育期SM (d) 0.3456 -0.0697 0.0813 -0.2807 0.0001 0.0191 0.1175 -0.0646 0.0801 -0.0405 -0.0329 0.1582 -0.0387
叶鞘色LSC 0.0215 -0.2552 0.3006 0.2882 0.0030 0.3877 0.2216 -0.0134 0.0681 -0.1629 0.0207 -0.0067 -0.0004
花药色AC -0.0429 -0.0331 0.0999 -0.0497 0.0158 0.1571 0.2084 0.4791 -0.2275 0.5814 -0.0119 -0.0636 -0.0336
叶枕色LPC -0.0014 0.3489 -0.2295 -0.2542 -0.0365 -0.4224 -0.1538 0.0236 -0.0617 0.1806 0.0054 0.0434 0.0064
刚毛长度BL -0.1852 0.1611 -0.2575 0.0946 0.3345 0.1212 0.1174 0.0618 0.1164 0.0147 0.1093 -0.1510 -0.2112
刚毛色BC -0.0828 0.1739 0.2551 0.2438 -0.1735 -0.2300 -0.1088 -0.1466 -0.1062 0.0184 0.1424 -0.0808 0.2026
穗型SS 0.0196 -0.1263 -0.2995 -0.1560 -0.1555 0.1281 0.1963 -0.1378 0.1001 0.2326 -0.1890 -0.4269 0.3534
穗颈形状SPN -0.0214 0.2516 0.2402 -0.0123 -0.0884 0.3117 -0.1632 0.2972 -0.1325 0.0699 -0.1331 0.2405 -0.1397
粒色HC -0.1472 0.1601 0.1905 0.1499 -0.0959 -0.0767 0.3512 -0.1911 -0.2305 -0.1784 0.2295 -0.1555 0.1626
米色GC -0.0556 0.1145 0.1880 -0.0828 0.0595 -0.2001 0.5284 0.1227 0.2087 0.1131 -0.2199 0.1677 0.2892
特征值E 5.7808 2.7182 2.2714 2.0880 1.6819 1.3608 1.3107 1.2401 1.1594 1.0724 1.0201 0.9197 0.7643
贡献率CR (%) 19.9336 9.3731 7.8326 7.2001 5.7997 4.6923 4.5196 4.2763 3.9981 3.6978 3.5176 3.1712 2.6354
累计贡献率CCR (%) 19.9336 29.3067 37.1393 44.3394 50.1391 54.8314 59.3510 63.6273 67.6254 71.3232 74.8409 78.0121 80.6475

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between 29 phenotypic traits and comprehensive value (F-value)"

农艺性状Agronomic trait 相关系数Correlation coefficient 农艺性状Agronomic trait 相关系数Correlation coefficient
分蘖数TN -0.23** 播种至出苗期SE (d) 0.03
主茎节数NNMS 0.59** 出苗至抽穗期EH (d) 0.52**
株高PH (cm) 0.59** 抽穗至开花期HF (d) 0.23**
穗颈长度PEL (cm) 0.22** 开花至成熟期FM (d) 0.31**
叶长LL (cm) 0.68** 全生育期SM (d) 0.53**
叶宽LW (cm) 0.37** 叶鞘色LSC 0.22**
主穗长MPL (cm) 0.60** 花药色AC 0.10
穗粗PD (mm) 0.29** 叶枕色LPC -0.09
主茎直径DMS (mm) 0.56** 刚毛长度BL -0.18**
单穗码数SN 0.21** 刚毛色BC 0.03
单码粒数GNS 0.30** 穗型SS -0.21**
千粒重TGW (g) 0.24** 穗颈形状SPN 0.21**
单穗重PW (g) 0.66** 粒色HC -0.10
穗粒重GWP (g) 0.67** 米色GC 0.13*
出谷率MMP (%) 0.24**

Fig.2

Clustering dendrogram of tested materials"

Table 7

The phenotypic traits between three groups of tested materials"

农艺性状Agronomic trait 类群Ⅰ Group Ⅰ 类群Ⅱ Group Ⅱ 类群Ⅲ Group Ⅲ
主茎节数NNMS 15.14±1.25aA 14.48±1.17bA 14.72±1.51abA
株高PH (cm) 131.66±17.66aA 126.74±23.45aAB 117.99±15.27bB
穗颈长度PEL (cm) 30.50±4.07aA 29.01±4.72abAB 28.12±3.77bB
穗粗PD (mm) 31.32±4.04aA 28.15±4.24bB 29.12±3.83bB
单码粒数GNS 205.74±30.72aA 94.37±23.30cC 133.15±23.93bB
单穗重PW (g) 30.43±5.37aA 22.88±5.27cB 25.21±6.94bB
穗粒重GWP (g) 25.79±5.00aA 19.28±4.56cB 21.29±6.03bB
开花至成熟FM (d) 54.04±6.60aA 52.55±6.82aAB 49.35±6.75bB
全生育期SM (d) 123.72±9.15aA 122.74±10.61aA 118.54±9.98bA
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