Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 69-76.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.010

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Comprehensive Evaluation of 35 Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Cultivars

Song Quanhao1,2(), Jin Yan1(), Song Jiajing1, Chen Jie1, Zhao Lishang1, Bai Dong1, Chen Liang3, Zhu Tongquan1   

  1. 1Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
    2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, El Batan 6-641 06600, Mexico
    3College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-03-31 Revised:2022-04-26 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Jin Yan E-mail:songmanl.2005@163.com;421156341@qq.com

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Abstract:

In order to use synthetic hexaploid wheat germplasm resources to broaden the germplasm base, 35 hexaploid synthetic wheat cultivars were introduced from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The 11 main agronomic and yield traits, including plant height, length of the first internodes under the spike, distance from spike to flag leaf ligule, spike length, flag leaf area, tiller number per plant, grain number per spike, biomass, harvest index, yield, 1000-kernel weight, and eight grain quality traits, including moisture, the contents of protein, gluten, starch, and fiber, hardness, SDS and Zeleny were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the variation coefficients of 11 agronomic traits ranged from 7.46% to 32.29%, with an average of 15.36%. Diversity indices (H') had an average value of 1.98 and varied from 1.85 to 2.04. The grain quality variation coefficients varied from 2.80% to 17.55% with an average of 10.19%. The diversity indices varied from 1.87 to 2.04 with an average of 1.96. The top five principal components account for 82.84% of the overall quantity of information, according to principal component analysis. Materials could be grouped into four categories. Group III had features those were more yield-related. GroupⅣhad the highest contents of protein, fiber and gluten, hardness and SDS value. Those synthetic heaxaploid wheat materials with high value of variation for agronomic, yield and quality traits could be used as germplasm resources in wheat breeding program.

Key words: Synthetic hexaploid wheat, Agronomic trait, Quality trait, Principal component analysis, Clustering analysis

Table 1

Materials used in this study"

编号Code 品系Accession 编号Code 品系Accession
SHW1 AE728 SHW19 KU2132
SHW2 AE788 SHW20 KU2105
SHW3 AE903 SHW21 KU2109
SHW4 AE859 SHW22 KU2159
SHW5 KU2035 SHW23 KU2816
SHW6 KU2041 SHW24 KU2076
SHW7 KU2037 SHW25 KU2073
SHW8 KU2092 SHW26 KU2090
SHW9 KU2078 SHW27 KU2127
SHW10 KU2075 SHW28 KU2091
SHW11 KU2081 SHW29 KU2136
SHW12 KU2098 SHW30 KU2123
SHW13 KU2039 SHW31 KU2100
SHW14 KU2083 SHW32 KU2023
SHW15 KU2097 SHW33 KU2155
SHW16 KU2034 SHW34 KU2829
SHW17 KU2124 SHW35 KU2103
SHW18 KU2099

Table 2

The mean values of agronomic and yield traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat lines in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021"

编号
Code		 株高
PH (cm)		 穗下节长
UIL (cm)		 穗下茎长
DSL (cm)		 穗长
SL (cm)		 旗叶面积
FLA (cm2)		 分蘖数
TN		 穗粒
GNPS		 生物量
BMPP (g)		 收获系数
HI		 产量
GYPP (g)		 千粒重
TKW (g)
SHW1 106.27 43.87 24.48 14.25 23.08 7.61 32.89 230.28 0.27 61.21 41.15
SHW2 105.07 44.28 17.37 12.99 18.70 9.39 32.28 289.69 0.25 73.51 41.84
SHW3 101.04 39.03 21.23 13.49 23.07 6.17 33.94 170.60 0.33 55.53 40.91
SHW4 113.98 47.31 27.16 14.53 25.71 7.44 34.72 199.38 0.29 57.07 40.95
SHW5 103.98 41.43 21.60 13.09 26.99 5.78 36.56 161.09 0.20 32.69 37.47
SHW6 109.79 45.23 24.37 13.73 21.74 8.00 34.17 286.91 0.25 71.63 42.07
SHW7 113.81 46.77 26.04 12.88 25.60 6.56 32.06 163.20 0.23 35.89 42.77
SHW8 111.72 46.17 26.14 12.04 24.58 6.06 30.11 229.70 0.23 48.69 45.13
SHW9 113.20 48.53 27.72 13.08 26.26 7.17 30.56 227.69 0.22 49.67 46.62
SHW10 117.68 53.58 28.74 12.07 26.06 7.56 27.39 214.96 0.25 54.00 49.42
SHW11 117.74 50.73 29.08 13.07 26.22 7.17 30.94 265.22 0.26 65.49 49.81
SHW12 109.11 48.01 29.25 12.80 26.00 6.89 27.44 231.18 0.26 58.03 43.90
SHW13 109.17 44.93 25.86 12.93 26.10 6.94 27.78 209.50 0.29 57.76 47.90
SHW14 103.06 43.07 22.89 11.44 22.19 6.44 29.11 181.21 0.26 46.36 40.63
SHW15 88.97 42.18 25.84 10.87 21.96 7.33 30.17 220.52 0.26 56.85 41.96
SHW16 108.64 45.79 25.98 13.93 28.44 6.39 35.17 170.25 0.27 45.82 41.57
SHW17 111.03 47.09 25.32 12.92 22.52 7.78 32.61 229.88 0.29 67.31 45.61
SHW18 94.16 37.72 18.81 12.34 25.19 7.56 30.94 140.77 0.22 32.83 38.95
SHW19 85.38 32.02 16.15 11.08 14.80 7.06 26.44 113.34 0.22 24.80 37.45
SHW20 93.06 38.52 18.08 12.07 14.20 6.72 29.00 114.96 0.21 24.63 37.31
SHW21 88.74 37.11 19.75 11.03 14.97 7.23 27.22 103.74 0.18 20.12 32.56
SHW22 104.19 41.27 22.14 11.78 13.07 7.17 29.50 171.25 0.22 39.63 37.25
SHW23 110.56 44.76 25.02 11.37 16.03 6.72 32.28 169.22 0.20 33.47 42.20
SHW24 112.39 49.01 30.22 11.84 17.12 4.56 30.00 168.63 0.24 35.73 47.01
SHW25 120.53 53.47 30.85 12.50 17.67 5.17 35.44 167.51 0.24 40.85 45.48
SHW26 115.67 51.61 32.64 11.94 18.47 5.17 31.78 130.27 0.22 27.47 45.29
SHW27 117.82 50.88 29.56 12.46 18.94 6.28 32.06 227.35 0.27 59.89 46.09
SHW28 102.32 41.14 22.07 11.59 14.94 7.83 30.22 244.62 0.20 47.21 42.07
SHW29 103.03 44.21 26.12 11.12 14.54 5.89 28.78 186.63 0.25 40.57 42.83
SHW30 108.89 44.68 23.74 13.02 16.51 7.50 32.28 221.97 0.18 34.07 37.55
SHW31 101.93 45.27 25.87 12.79 17.64 5.89 32.78 164.67 0.18 26.28 35.00
SHW32 88.67 41.39 23.78 12.69 17.48 6.00 31.39 172.81 0.19 30.92 42.11
SHW33 95.71 43.06 23.95 11.32 17.61 5.50 29.94 130.92 0.21 26.86 39.06
SHW34 96.64 43.50 23.76 12.37 17.22 5.22 29.28 204.63 0.23 46.61 38.72
SHW35 104.74 46.09 26.39 13.01 17.03 5.50 33.61 201.63 0.25 50.56 39.60

Table 3

The main agronomic traits, yield traits, grain quality and diversity indexes of synthetic hexaploid wheat"

性状
Trait		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
Standard deviation		 最小值
Minimum		 最大值
Maximum		 极差值
Range		 变异系数
Variable coefficient (%)		 多样性指数
Diversity index
株高PH (cm) 105.39 9.31 85.38 120.53 35.16 8.83 1.95
穗下节长UIL (cm) 44.68 4.67 32.02 53.58 21.56 10.46 2.00
穗下茎长DSL (cm) 24.80 3.88 16.15 32.64 16.49 15.66 1.99
穗长SL (cm) 12.47 0.93 10.87 14.53 3.66 7.46 2.04
旗叶面积FLA (cm2) 20.53 4.59 13.07 28.44 15.37 22.37 1.85
分蘖数TN 6.67 1.01 4.56 9.39 4.83 15.08 1.90
穗粒数GNPS 31.17 2.53 26.44 36.56 10.11 8.10 2.03
生物量BMPP (g) 191.89 46.67 103.74 289.69 185.95 24.32 1.99
收获系数HI 0.24 0.04 0.18 0.33 0.16 14.81 1.98
产量GYPP (g) 45.14 14.58 20.12 73.51 53.39 32.29 1.96
千粒重TKW (g) 41.89 4.01 32.56 49.81 17.25 9.58 2.04
水分Moisture (%) 11.13 0.32 10.52 11.76 1.23 2.85 1.99
蛋白质Protein (%) 14.90 1.60 11.25 17.76 6.51 10.71 2.00
面筋Gluten (%) 63.06 1.77 59.75 67.25 7.50 2.80 1.98
淀粉Starch (%) 3.29 0.11 3.04 3.47 0.43 3.49 2.04
纤维Fiber (%) 35.45 4.64 24.70 43.65 18.95 13.07 1.96
硬度Hardness 48.58 8.33 26.15 63.51 37.36 17.14 1.87
SDS沉降值SDS settlement value (mL) 19.28 3.38 12.77 27.44 14.67 17.55 1.95
Zeleny沉降值Zeleny settlement value (mL) 73.53 10.24 58.66 98.08 39.42 13.93 1.88

Table 4

The mean values of grain quality traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat lines in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021"

编号
Code		 水分
Moisture (%)		 蛋白质
Protein (%)		 淀粉
Starch (%)		 纤维
Fibre (%)		 面筋
Gulten (%)		 硬度
Hardness		 Zeleny沉降值
Zeleny settlement value (mL)		 SDS沉降值
SDS settlement value (mL)
SHW1 11.25 16.13 61.53 3.35 39.10 51.94 22.17 74.45
SHW2 11.49 16.63 61.87 3.35 40.51 55.72 17.22 60.08
SHW3 11.34 14.55 63.21 3.28 34.28 45.14 17.16 67.19
SHW4 11.62 15.53 62.68 3.29 37.21 47.60 20.11 68.61
SHW5 10.61 14.31 62.44 3.26 33.44 44.86 17.63 74.47
SHW6 11.72 14.68 63.76 3.27 35.00 47.86 15.99 60.08
SHW7 10.58 12.99 64.90 3.10 29.99 44.10 14.38 62.52
SHW8 11.18 12.76 65.94 3.04 29.12 34.82 15.01 60.03
SHW9 11.26 11.25 67.25 3.04 24.70 26.15 18.78 68.83
SHW10 11.27 13.67 64.88 3.14 32.17 42.99 16.75 58.66
SHW11 10.80 13.49 64.08 3.24 31.47 36.83 21.38 80.54
SHW12 10.96 15.12 62.73 3.30 36.39 48.94 18.97 69.62
SHW13 10.86 13.63 64.98 3.20 31.63 43.05 27.24 94.40
SHW14 11.21 15.34 63.00 3.38 37.14 56.27 19.04 77.42
SHW15 11.08 16.25 61.88 3.25 39.59 54.64 20.41 70.45
SHW16 11.19 15.88 62.27 3.21 38.08 52.74 22.18 75.28
SHW17 11.59 15.80 62.60 3.41 38.12 53.61 18.06 75.29
SHW18 10.78 16.33 61.48 3.44 39.37 54.59 23.52 98.08
SHW19 10.75 17.06 60.65 3.39 41.42 61.96 18.96 79.79
SHW20 11.05 16.82 60.38 3.33 41.65 56.48 24.66 83.74
SHW21 11.09 14.23 63.48 3.22 33.23 44.65 21.12 75.62
SHW22 11.22 15.35 62.19 3.46 36.88 53.42 17.70 76.71
SHW23 11.03 14.91 62.90 3.33 35.26 48.35 27.44 92.99
SHW24 10.84 12.67 64.65 3.30 29.13 42.83 16.15 69.64
SHW25 10.83 13.06 64.62 3.22 30.17 44.10 12.77 58.69
SHW26 11.52 13.14 65.20 3.23 30.87 38.81 16.06 59.66
SHW27 11.08 11.75 66.72 3.10 26.05 32.22 20.83 79.64
SHW28 10.52 14.49 62.55 3.31 34.36 45.63 21.07 85.11
SHW29 10.93 14.69 63.80 3.28 35.01 48.58 18.93 72.26
SHW30 11.43 16.16 61.88 3.45 39.30 55.86 19.83 74.92
SHW31 11.76 16.81 61.39 3.40 40.88 53.38 21.55 68.18
SHW32 11.04 15.52 62.87 3.26 37.20 55.20 19.72 75.29
SHW33 11.01 15.99 60.87 3.40 38.03 55.71 14.13 68.74
SHW34 11.40 17.76 59.75 3.47 43.65 63.51 16.75 67.75
SHW35 11.09 16.64 61.82 3.40 40.48 57.65 21.13 88.75

Table 5

Principal component analysis of main traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat"

因子
Component		 性状
Trait		 第1主成分
Principal
component 1		 第2主成分
Principal
component 2		 第3主成分
Principal
component 3		 第4主成分
Principal
component 4		 第5主成分
Principal
component 5
1 株高 0.85 0.15 -0.12 0.16 0.18
2 穗下节长 0.83 0.09 -0.28 0.07 0.36
3 穗下茎长 0.77 -0.10 -0.27 0.18 0.44
4 穗长 0.33 0.69 -0.08 0.45 -0.29
5 旗叶面积 0.54 0.36 0.24 0.24 -0.29
6 分蘖数 -0.09 0.55 0.49 -0.41 -0.29
7 穗粒数 0.23 0.40 -0.36 0.60 -0.30
8 生物量 0.46 0.65 0.17 -0.33 0.10
9 收获系数 0.41 0.55 0.17 0.02 0.15
10 产量 0.49 0.76 0.22 -0.25 0.10
11 千粒重 0.83 0.06 0.21 -0.12 0.35
12 水分 0.03 0.55 -0.46 -0.14 -0.02
13 蛋白质 -0.85 0.45 -0.13 0.02 0.14
14 面筋 0.89 -0.32 0.14 -0.08 -0.10
15 淀粉 -0.77 0.31 -0.19 0.07 0.35
16 纤维 -0.85 0.45 -0.14 0.01 0.15
17 硬度 -0.86 0.31 -0.20 -0.02 0.20
18 SDS沉降值 -0.30 0.10 0.71 0.39 0.20
19 Zeleny沉降值 -0.41 -0.08 0.72 0.43 0.27
初始特征值Initial eigenvalue 7.60 3.43 2.11 1.41 1.19
方差百分比Variance percentage (%) 39.99 18.06 11.09 7.43 6.27
累积贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 39.99 58.06 69.14 76.57 82.84

Fig.1

Scree plot of correlation between eigenvalues of the principal components for main traits"

Fig.2

Cluster diagram of 35 synthetic hexaploid wheats based on agronomic traits, yield traits and grain quality"

Table 6

Statistical analysis of traits of different groups"

性状
Trait		 类群Group 平均值
Mean
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
株高PH (cm) 107.97a 105.99a 110.87a 95.45b 105.39
穗下节长UIL (cm) 46.28a 44.62ab 46.75a 40.01b 44.68
穗下茎长DSL (cm) 26.15a 25.15a 23.61a 21.56a 24.80
穗长SL (cm) 12.71a 12.41ab 13.26a 11.63b 12.47
旗叶面积FLA (cm2) 21.92a 19.99a 22.22a 17.54a 20.53
分蘖数TN 6.94b 6.06b 8.19a 6.54b 6.67
穗粒数GNPS 30.79ab 32.25a 32.46a 29.22b 31.17
生物量BMPP (g) 220.95b 170.59c 280.61a 122.33d 191.89
收获系数HI 0.25ab 0.23ab 0.25a 0.21b 0.24
产量GYPP (g) 53.50b 38.65c 70.21a 26.12d 45.14
千粒重TKW (g) 43.33a 41.27ab 44.57a 38.44b 41.89
水分Moisture (%) 11.19a 11.05a 11.34a 11.03a 11.13
蛋白质Protein (%) 14.78a 14.67a 14.93a 15.60a 14.90
面筋Gulten (%) 63.37a 63.19a 63.24a 62.01a 63.06
淀粉Starch (%) 3.27a 3.29a 3.29a 3.34a 3.29
纤维Fibre (%) 35.13a 34.79a 35.66a 37.43a 35.45
硬度Hardness 47.04a 49.08a 46.80a 52.03a 48.58
SDS沉降值SDS settlement value (mL) 19.79a 18.72a 18.20a 19.74a 19.28
Zeleny沉降值Zeleny settlement value (mL) 74.04a 72.55a 66.90a 77.61a 73.53
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