Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 66-70.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.010

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Study on Genetic and Breeding Effects of 100-Grain Weight in Maize

Qu Haitao1(), Li Zhongnan2, Wang Yueren1, Ma Yiwen1, Xiang Yang2, Wu Shenghui1, Tan Zhuo3, Wang Chun3, Wei Qiang3, Luo Yao1, Li Guangfa1()   

  1. 1Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Meihekou 135007, Jilin, China
    2Agricultural and Technology Extension Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
    3Tonghua Seed Management Station, Tonghua 134000, Jilin, China
  • Received:2022-03-18 Revised:2022-05-12 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

Under the condition of self-pollination, the differences of 100-grain weight of PH6WC×PH4CV, PH6WC×B20, PH6WC×D1279 and their parents were analyzed, and the six-generation populations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, F2) of PH6WC× D1279 were established, the genetic analysis of 100-grain weight was carried out by using the genetic analysis method of major gene polygene mixed model. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in 100-grain weight among F1 of three hybrids and extremely significantly higher than those of their parents. The super high parental heterosis of F1 were 11.56%-43.68%; the genetic model of 100-grain weight was two pairs of major genes additive, dominance, epistasis model, and two pairs of major genes were completely dominant, epistatic effect > dominant effect > additive effect, the major gene heritabilities were 77.64%-80.86%.

Key words: Maize, 100-grain weight, F1 super high parental heterosis, Genetic breeding

Table 1

Consanguinity and corresponding varieties of inbred lines"

自交系Inbred line 血缘系谱Consanguinity 来源Source 组合Combination 品种Variety
PH6WC PH01N×PH09B Reid，美国 PH6WC×PH4CV 先玉335（国审玉2004017）
PH4CV PH7V0×PHBE2 Lancaster，美国
B20 丹340×吉853 旅系×黄早四，中国（自育） PH6WC×B20 津单19（津审玉2010005）
D1279 B20×PH4CV DH系，中国（自育） PH6WC×D1279 通育189（蒙审玉2020014）

Table 2

Variance analysis of 100-grain weight"

变异来源Source of variation 平方和Sum of squares 自由度Free degree 均方Mean square F值F value P值P value
区组间Between groups 0.26 2 0.13 0.33 0.7259
材料间Between materials 1118.75 6 186.46 472.05 0
误差Error 4.74 12 0.40
总变异Total variation 1123.75 20

Table 3

Significance differences and F1 average heterosis and super high parental heterosis of 100-grain weight in materials"

材料
Material		 平均值
Mean
(g)		 平均优势
Average
heterosis (%)		 超高亲优势
Super high parental
heterosis (%)
PH6WC×B20 46.53aA 51.56 39.02
PH6WC×D1279 44.70bB 31.47 11.56
PH6WC×PH4CV 40.13cC 47.27 43.68
D1279 40.07cC 33.48 19.72
B20 33.47dD
PH6WC 27.93eE
PH4CV 26.57fE

Table 4

Statistical parameters of 100-grain weight in the six generation"

世代
Generation		 平均值
Mean (g)		 最大值
Maximum (g)		 最小值
Minimum (g)		 标准差
Standard deviation		 标准误
Standard error		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)		 JB
P
P1 31.76 36.50 25.30 2.7372 0.4765 8.62 0.5570
P2 41.86 47.60 36.50 2.4435 0.3078 5.84 0.4119
F1 45.07 52.40 34.70 4.0066 0.4398 8.89 0.3495
B1 39.05 51.60 26.40 4.4143 0.2360 11.30 0.9900
B2 41.15 55.90 24.50 5.4332 0.3116 13.20 0.0334
F2 39.76 55.30 21.60 5.4468 0.2233 13.70 0.0616

Table 5

The AIC value for 100-grain weight of 21 genetic models in the six generations"

模型
Model		 AIC值
AIC value		 模型
Model		 AIC值
AIC value
1MG-AD 34 105.77 MX1-AD-AD 32 690.71
1MG-A 34 399.93 MX1-A-AD 33 467.04
2MG-ADI 30 585.33 MX1-EAD-AD 33 735.01
2MG-AD 30 605.51 MX1-AEND-AD 33 729.25
2MG-A 30 644.22 MX2-ADI-ADI 31 230.06
2MG-EA 34 400.66 MX2-AD-AD 33 740.85
2MG-AED 33 840.33 MX2-A-AD 36 447.02
2MG-EEAD 34 388.67 MX2-EA-AD 30 593.28
PG-ADI 32 598.66 MX2-AED-AD 33 736.99
PG-AD 33 957.10 MX2-EEAD-AD 33 734.99
MX1-AD-ADI 32 602.66

Table 6

Test for goodness of optimal models"

世代
Generation		 统计量Statistic
U12 U22 U32 nW2 Dn
P1 13.3466（0.67） 77.1740*（0.03） 449.5930*（0.02） 43.0787（0.06） 0.0017（1）
F1 0.9408（0.33） 18.9166*（0.04） 186.0660（0.06） 32.3370（0.06） 0.0010（1）
P2 11.9102（0.76） 53.2343*（0.03） 250.2280*（0.04） 37.8770（0.06） 0.0014（1）
B1 3.0687（0.08） 4.9838*（0.03） 4.6020（0.07） 5.6486（0.08） 0.0527（0.71）
B2 6.1330（0.07） 2.9306（0.09） 7.5289**（0.00） 7.9918（0.07） 0.0246（0.86）
F2 2.4195（0.11） 4.7903（0.08） 7.4547**（0.00） 5.7211（0.06） 0.0311（0.34）

Table 7

Estimate values of first order genetic parameters"

一阶参数First order parameter 估计值Estimate value
m 11.15
da -10.41
db 9.42
ha 28.84
hb 28.84
ha/da -2.77
hb/db 3.06
i -8.78
jab 9.71
jba -10.11
l -65.11

Table 8

Estimate values of second order genetic parameters"

二阶参数
Second order parameter		 估计值Estimate value
B1 B2 F2
σp2 381.25 438.86 375.53
σmg2 297.259 354.8615 291.5651
σ2 83.9769 83.9769 83.9769
hmg2 (%) 77.97 80.86 77.64
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