Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 249-254.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.035

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The Effects of Different Tillage Practices on Seedbed Quality and Its Relationships with Seedling Population Construction and Grain Yield of Spring Maize

Cao Qingjun1(), Li Gang1(), Yang Hao1, Lou Yuyong2, Yang Fentuan1, Kong Fanli1, Li Xinbei1, Zhao Xinkai3, Jiang Xiaoli1()   

  1. 1Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Northeast Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
    2Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station of Dongfeng County, Liaoyuan 130033, Jilin, China
    3Dongfeng New Giant Agricultural Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative, Liaoyuan 130033, Jilin, China
  • Received:2022-09-13 Revised:2023-07-17 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

To examine the effects of different tillage practices on soil water content, soil temperature, soil compaction of seedbed, as well as seedling quality, maize grain yield, a field experiment with two tillage practices of no-till (NT) and strip-till (ST) were conducted in aeolian sandy soil and black soil. The results showed that compared with NT, soil temperature under ST treatment in aeolian sandy soil at the depth of 5cm and 10cm layer increased by 0.73°C and 1.53°C, while increased by 2.60°C and 0.70°C in black soil, correspondingly; soil compaction under treatment of ST at the depth of 10-17cm in aeolian sandy soil were significantly decreased by 5.56%-28.21%, as well as decreased by 14.19%-56.90% in black soil at the depth of 5-17cm; the uniformity of seed sowing depth under ST were enhanced by 32.99% in aeolian sandy soil, and 146.90% in black soil. Consequently, the seed emergence time were shorted by 1.67 days in black soil, while increased the uniformity of shoot height by 31.23% in aeolian sandy soil and 58.32% in black soil. In addition, the maize grain yield under ST was increased by 2.27% in aeolian sandy soil and 11.57% in black soil, which mainly attributed to the enhancement of number of effective ears per unit area and 100-grain weight. Correlation analysis showed there was a significant correlation between the uniformity of seed sowing and the uniformity of shoot height and grain yield.

Key words: No-till, Strip-till, Spring maize, Seedbed quality, Yield

Fig.1

Flow chart diagram of different tillage methods"

Table 1

Comparison of soil moisture and temperature of seed bed under different tillage practices"

土壤类型
Soil type		 耕作方式
Tillage type		 土壤温度Soil temperature (℃) 土壤水分Soil moisture (%)
5cm 10cm 0~5cm 5~10cm
风沙土Aeolian sandy soil 免耕 24.78±0.17 18.40±0.21 8.04±0.13 10.11±0.32
条耕 25.50±0.40 19.93±0.08 7.74±0.15 9.65±0.14
黑土Black soil 免耕 22.38±0.48 17.48±0.13 19.11±0.18 22.17±0.08
条耕 24.98±0.14 18.18±0.17 17.98±0.75 22.24±0.40
变异来源Source of variation
土壤类型Soil type P=0.000823 P=0.000002 P=4.5755e-12 P=8.7436e-15
耕作方式Tillage type P=0.000296 P=0.000011 P=0.101 P=0.486
土壤类型×耕作方式Soil type ×tillage type P=0.015 P=0.020 P=0.319 P=0.337

Fig.2

Comparison of soil compaction of seed bed in aeolian sandy soil (a) and black soil (b) under no-till and strip-till ns indicates no significant difference;“*”and“**”mean significant differences at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively, the same below"

Fig.3

Comparison of planting seed depth in aeolian sandy soil and black soil under no-till and strip-till Soil type: P < 0.001; Tillage type: P < 0.015; Soil type×tillage type: P = 0.226"

Table 2

Comparison of seed emergence quality under different tillage practices"

土壤类型
Soil type		 耕作方式
Tillage type		 出苗时间
Emergence time (d)		 出苗率
Emergence rate (%)		 株高
Shoot height (cm)		 株高整齐度
Uniformity of shoot height
风沙土
Aeolian sandy soil		 免耕 15.67±0.33 90.77±1.54 28.57±0.61 4.60±0.27
条耕 15.33±0.33 93.85±1.99 31.61±0.41 6.04±0.21
黑土Black soil 免耕 19.00±0.00 85.38±0.77 24.79±1.16 4.74±0.27
条耕 17.33±0.33 90.77±0.89 29.95±0.69 7.50±0.08
变异来源Source of variation
土壤类型Soil type P=0.000015 P=0.005 P=0.019 P=0.007
耕作方式Tillage type P=0.009 P=0.005 P=0.052 P=0.000012
土壤类型×耕作方式Soil type×tillage type P=0.051 P=0.369 P=0.985 P=0.016

Table 3

Comparison of maize grain yield and its components under different tillage practices"

土壤类型
Soil type		 耕作方式
Tillage type		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg/hm2)		 单位面积有效穗数
Ear number per unit (ear/m2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per ear		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)
风沙土Aeolian sandy soil 免耕 10 688.93±294.11 6.10±0.07 573.00±5.57 35.47±0.82
条耕 10 932.21±345.46 6.23±0.03 581.33±8.21 36.77±0.42
黑土Black soil 免耕 10 957.70±211.54 5.87±0.03 611.00±8.88 42.57±0.25
条耕 12 225.88±421.31 6.23±0.09 631.00±10.3 44.17±0.25
变异来源Source of variation
土壤类型Soil type P=0.109 P=0.187 P=0.001 P=4.6326e-7
耕作方式Tillage type P=0.016 P=0.006 P=0.130 P=0.019
土壤类型×耕作方Soil type ×tillage type P=0.053 P=0.032 P=0.507 P=0.772

Fig.4

The relationship of uniformity of shoot height under different tillage practices with coefficients of variation on the soil seed depth and maize grain yield"

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