Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 127-132.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.03.016

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Effects of Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation after Anthesis and Yield of Zhengmai 366

Zhang Suyu1,2(), Yue Junqin1, Li Xiangdong1(), Jin Haiyang1, Ren Dechao2, Yang Mingda2, Shao Yunhui1, Wang Hanfang1, Fang Baoting1, Zhang Deqi1, Shi Yanhua1, Qin Feng1, Cheng Hongjian1   

  1. 1Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Central Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Wheat Yield-Quality Simultaneous Improvement, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
  • Received:2023-09-14 Revised:2023-10-08 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-18

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Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted with the strong gluten wheat variety Zhengmai 366 for two consecutive years in order to analyze the effects of different nitrogen application methods on flag leaf SPAD, photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation after anthesis, and grain yield. Four nitrogen application treatments were set: no nitrogen treatment (N0), basal nitrogen 210 kg/ha (N210), basal nitrogen 150 kg/ha + topdressing nitrogen 60 kg/ha at jointing stage (N150+60), basal nitrogen 150 kg/ha + topdressing nitrogen 120 kg/ha at jointing stage (N150+120). The result showed that compared with other nitrogen application treatments, the photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, SPAD at the filling stage, raito of grain dry matter at post-anthesis, 1000-grain weight and final yield of N0 treatment decreased significantly in both 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Compared with N210 treatment, SPAD at late filling stage, contribution rate of dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grain yield, 1000-grain weight and yield of N150+60 treatment increased by 12.9%, 9.7%, 6.5%, 1.6% in 2018-2019, and those were 16.3%, 27.2%, 6.3%, and 10.0%, respectively in 2019-2020. Compared with N150+120 treatment, N150+60 treatment significantly decreased SPAD at late filling stage, photosynthetic rate at filling stage in 2018-2019, but not significantly affect these physiological parameters of winter wheat at filling stage in 2019-2020. N150+60 treatment significantly increased the number of grains per spike and yield in 2018-2019, and N partial productivity in both two years when compared to N150+120. Considering photosynthetic rate, yield and nitrogen production efficiency, N150+60 treatment is a more suitable nitrogen application method for North Henan Plain.

Key words: Wheat, Nitrogen fertilizer, Photosynthetic rate, Yield, Nitrogen partial productivity

Fig.1

Temperature and precipitation during wheat growth period"

Fig.2

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on SPAD of wheat flag leaf Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the same stage (P < 0.05). The same below."

Fig.3

Effects of different nitrogenapplication rates on Pn of wheat"

Table 1

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on translocation of dry matter in wheat"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 花前干物质转运量
Transport amount of dry
matter before anthesis
(kg/hm2)		 花后干物质积累量
Accumulation of dry
matter after anthesis
(kg/hm2)		 花前干物质转运
对籽粒产量贡献率
Contribution rate of dry matter
transport before anthesis to
grain yield (%)		 花后干物质积累
对籽粒产量贡献率
Contribution rate of dry matter
accumulation after anthesis
to grain yield (%)
2018-2019 N0 3208.81a 5878.42c 35.31a 64.69c
N210 1573.61b 8129.11b 16.22b 83.78b
N150+60 801.86c 9057.55a 8.13c 91.87a
N150+120 782.73c 8745.29ab 8.22c 91.78a
2019-2020 N0 4111.85b 607.53d 87.13a 12.87d
N210 4744.74a 3096.91c 60.51b 39.49c
N150+60 4291.67b 4332.47b 49.76c 50.24b
N150+120 3281.76c 5352.69a 38.01d 61.99a

Table 2

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on yield and its components in wheat"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 穗数
Spike number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains of per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
2018-2019 N0 9087.23c 624.80a 42.13b 39.74c
N210 9702.72ab 639.20a 43.21a 41.96b
N150+60 9859.41a 618.93b 42.23b 44.68a
N150+120 9528.02b 611.33b 41.53c 45.09a
2019-2020 N0 4719.38c 419.17b 37.96c 36.32c
N210 7841.65b 599.83a 40.39b 38.23b
N150+60 8624.14a 590.51a 42.92a 40.61a
N150+120 8634.45a 590.25a 42.55a 41.13a

Table 3

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on nitrogen use efficiency of wheat kg/kg"

处理
Treatment		 2018-2019 2019-2020
氮肥偏生产力
N partial productivity		 氮肥农学效率
N agronomy efficiency		 氮肥偏生产力
N partial productivity		 氮肥农学效率
N agronomy efficiency
N210 46.20a 2.93b 37.34b 14.87b
N150+60 46.95a 3.68a 41.07a 18.59a
N150+120 35.29b 1.63c 31.98c 14.50b
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