Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 175-179.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.03.023

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Responses of Growth and Yield of Fresh-Eating Maize “Caitiannuo 100” to Autumn Sowing Date under Facility Cultivation

Zhang Lin1(), Wu Wenming1, Zhou Dengfeng2, Peng Chen1, Wang Shiji1()   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001,Anhui, China
    2Baimao Agricultural Service Center of Jiujiang District, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
  • Received:2023-06-07 Revised:2023-09-06 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-18

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Abstract:

A field trial was carried out along the Yangtze river of Anhui province to investigate the effects of autumn sowing date on the growth duration, yield and economic benefits of fresh-eating maize. The fresh-eating maize cultivar “Caitiannuo 100” was used. The treatments were comprised of four sowing dates: August 14th, August 25th, September 4th and September 14th. The findings demonstrated that fresh-eating maize could be harvested in the winter out-of-season between August 14th and August 25th when the daily average temperature droped to 10 ℃, adopting the warming measures for the facility greenhouse. However, if the sowing date was moved later than September 4th, the low temperature would prevent the fresh-eating maize from going through its normal life cycle. The growth periods before and after silking of fresh-eating maize sown on August 25th were prolonged eight and 17 days, compared to the sowing date of August 14th. The fresh ears could be harvested on December 23rd. The August 25th sowing date treatment decreased the plant height by 13.61%, shortened the ear length by 10.03%, and increased the bald tip by 29.43%, which resulted in a decrease of kernel number per ear by 17.86% and yield by 13.68%, while the benefit increased by 35.52% to 71 910.00 yuan/ha compared with the sowing date on August 14th. In conclusion, fresh-eating maize can be sown along the Yangtze River basin form August 14th to 25th by using greenhouse facilities and the fresh ears can be listed in the off-season with relatively high benefits. However, fresh-eating maize should not be sown after September 4th.

Key words: Fresh-eating maize, Autumn sowing date, Facility cultivation, Off-season listing, Yield, Benefit

Fig.1

Daily variation of temperature and precipitation at Fudu automatic station in Wuhu from August to December in 2021"

Table 1

"

播期
Sowing date		 大喇叭口期
Big flare date		 吐丝期
Silking date		 成熟期
Mature date		 吐丝至成熟天数
Days from silking to mature date (d)		 播种至成熟天数
Days from sowing to mature (d)
08-14 10-01 10-16 11-17 32 95
08-25 10-15 11-04 12-23 49 120
09-04 10-30 11-22 － － －
09-14 11-15 12-10 － － －

Table 2

Effects of autumn sowing date on fresh-eating maize plant height and fresh weight of straw"

播期（月-日）
Sowing date
(month-day)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗位高
Ear height
(cm)		 秸秆生物量（鲜重）
Fresh weight of
straw (kg/hm2)
08-14 208.17±3.18a 86.67±3.79a 28 152.50±938.47a
08-25 179.83±10.77b 68.50±5.77b 29 187.50±754.05a

Table 3

Effects of autumn sowing date on the ear characteristics of fresh-eating maize"

播期（月-日）
Sowing date (month-day)		 穗粗
Ear width (cm)		 穗长
Ear length (cm)		 秃尖长
Bald tip length(cm)		 穗粒数
Kernel number per spike		 鲜百粒重
100-grain fresh weight (g)
08-14 5.11±0.01a 19.35±0.22a 2.65±0.20b 440.2±7.0a 37.96±0.78a
08-25 5.08±0.04a 17.41±0.32b 3.43±0.25a 361.6±8.4b 40.30±2.10a

Table 4

Effects of autumn sowing date on the fresh ear yield and benefit of fresh-eating maize"

播期（月-日）
Sowing date
(month-day)		 单穗鲜重
Fresh weight
per spike (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)		 价格
（元/kg）
Price (yuan/kg)		 产值（元/hm2）
Production value
(yuan/hm2)		 成本
（元/hm2）
Cost (yuan/hm2)		 效益（元/hm2）
Benefit
(yuan/hm2)
08-14 352.97±6.34a 18 530.75±332.88a 4.00 74 123.00±1331.53b 21 060.00 53 063.00±1331.53b
08-25 304.67±14.95b 15 995.00±785.02b 6.00 95 970.00±4710.10a 24 060.00 71 910.00±4710.10a
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