Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 120-125.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.016

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Effects of Ridge Side Cultivation on Maize Physiological Characteristics, Growth and Development in Sloping Farmland

Li Fei1,2(), Bian Shaofeng2, Xu Chen2, Zhao Hongxiang2(), Song Hanglin2, Wang Fuchen3, Zhuang Yan1,2   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
    2Institute of Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
    3Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China
  • Received:2023-11-07 Revised:2024-01-30 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

Ridge side cultivation (RSC) of maize, a kind of conservation tillage method in sloping farmland, has been practiced for years in the mountain regions of Northeast China. In order to clarify the influencing machanism of RSC on maize growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, physiological characteristics and yield, a comparative experiment of maize RSC (T1) and conventional cultivation (CK) was carried out for two years in sloping farmland of eastern mountainous area of Jilin province. The results showed that compared with CK, T1 could significantly increase net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at maize V12 and VT stages. T1 had significant negative impacts on peroxidase, catalase, nitrate reductase and PEP carboxylase, and hadn't significant impact on superoxide dismutase, glutamine synthetase and RuBP carboxylase at jointing (V8) stage, and hadn't significant impacts on maize carbon metabolic enzyme, nitrogen metabolic enzyme and leaf protect enzyme at V12 and VT stages. T1 didn't had significant impact on dry matter accumulation (DM) at V8 and V12 stages, whereas DM was significant higher in T1 treatment than CK at VT stage. T1 had significant negative impact on maize root bleeding in V8, whereas it had significant positive impacts at V12 and VT stages. T1 didn't have significant impact on leaf area. T1 could lower the plant height and ear height significantly, and increase number of maize grains per ear, 100-grain weight and yields. The findings showed that RSC could boost maize output and has significant impacts on photosynthetic and physiological traits as well as growth and development in maize.

Key words: Maize, Physiological characteristics, Ridge side cultivation, Sloping farmland, Growth and development

Fig.1

Effects of different cultivation patterns on maize growth, development and dry matter accumulation Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Table 1

Effects of different cultivation patterns on maize photosynthetic characteristics"

处理
Treatment		 Pn [(μmol/(m2·s)] Gs [mmol/(m2·s)] Tr [mmol/(m2·s)] Ci (μmol/mol)
V12 VT V12 VT V12 VT V12 VT
T1 45.45±2.96a 23.34±7.92A 0.37±0.05A 0.18±0.17a 3.98±0.36A 3.72±0.23a 137.17±22.92a 136.64±7.45B
CK 39.10±2.64b 18.14±2.94B 0.15±0.01B 0.11±0.46b 1.58±0.82B 3.00±1.22b 118.08±10.04a 189.64±7.46A

Fig.2

Effects of different cultivation patterns on maize root bleeding intensity"

Table 2

Effects of different cultivation patterns on maize root bleeding components"

生育期Growth stage 处理Treatment 可溶性糖SS (mg/g) 脱落酸ABA (μg/g) 生长素IAA (μg/g) 细胞分裂素CTK (μg/g)
V8 CK 211.58±2.33a 61.23±2.82b 17.65±0.88b 10.45±0.54a
T1 213.71±2.82a 71.12±2.31a 19.87±0.53a 10.97±0.32a
V12 CK 207.46±3.45a 68.50±3.91a 18.91±0.82a 11.33±0.65a
T1 192.52±4.16a 63.33±2.65a 19.58±0.81a 11.11±0.31a
VT CK 211.64±4.24a 70.75±2.83a 19.93±0.46a 11.25±0.42a
T1 220.62±3.67a 71.07±2.54a 19.41±0.94a 11.05±0.22a

Table 3

Effects of different cultivation patterns on the activities carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and antioxidase of maize leaves IU/g"

生育期
Growth
stage		 处理
Treatment		 抗氧化酶
Antioxidase		 氮代谢酶
Nitrogen metabolism enzyme		 碳代谢酶
Carbon metabolism enzyme
SOD POD CAT GS NR RuBP PEPC
V8 T1 969.69±28.14a 4.43±0.26b 90.16±4.35b 11.86±0.54a 34.29±1.36b 76.32±2.04a 4.88±0.15b
CK 926.82±29.23a 5.06±0.14a 107.34±4.62a 11.80±0.55a 40.63±1.42a 82.62±4.23a 5.33±0.25a
V12 T1 905.20±106.45a 5.48±0.26a 104.39±5.93a 11.67±0.83a 33.66±1.44a 79.10±6.67a 5.01±0.28a
CK 898.91±42.72a 5.06±0.33a 102.00±4.04a 12.61±0.31a 37.40±4.45a 77.26±7.12a 5.13±0.23a
VT T1 960.54±88.76a 5.33±0.52a 99.33±2.31a 12.17±0.92a 36.56±2.63a 79.09±5.24a 4.48±0.32a
CK 834.21±38.65a 4.73±0.27a 97.91±3.45a 12.84±0.41a 38.81±1.37a 83.00±1.73a 4.93±0.16a

Table 4

Effects of different cultivation patterns on maize yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 穗行数
Ear number per row		 穗粒数
Grain number per ear		 百粒重
100-seed weight (g)		 穗长
Ear length (cm)
T1 724.66±26.84a 14.73±1.26a 657.42±11.24a 33.23±0.93a 18.03±2.57a
CK 678.33±16.57b 14.47±1.45a 607.93±26.43b 31.64±0.36b 17.95±3.54a
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