Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 89-96.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.02.011

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Effects of the Different Nitrogen Levels on Yield, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and the Nitrogen Balance of Double-Cropping Rice in Paddy Field

Qin Birong1,2(), You Saiya2, Chen Shurong2, Zhu Lianfeng2, Kong Yali2, Zhu Chunquan2, Tian Wenhao2, Zhang Junhua2, Jin Qianyu2, Cao Xiaochuang2(), Liu Li1()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2023-07-21 Revised:2023-11-08 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-15

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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application levels on yield formation, nitrogen utilization efficiency and rice-soil nitrogen balance, using “Zhongzao 39” and “Tianyouhuazhan” as test materials. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the residual inorganic nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and the nitrogen form was mainly NH4+-N, when the amount of nitrogen application was higher than 180 kg/ha (early rice) and 200 kg/ha (late rice), respectively. Rice-soil nitrogen balance showed that, except for nitrogen fertilizer, other nitrogen input accounts for 48.7%-78.4% of total input of nitrogen, nitrogen output is mainly affected by nitrogen uptake of rice, the soil nitrogen residue and nitrogen loss. In a certain range of nitrogen application, it increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the yields of early and late rice increased first and then decreased, it mainly increased rice yield by increasing the number of effective panicles and spikelets per panicle. Utilization rate of nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen utilization rate of agronomy and nitrogen interdependent rate significantly reduced with the increase of N application, but nitrogen absorption utilization rate, apparent retention rate of nitrogen and nitrogen contribution rate showed on opposite trend. Rice yield and N application quadratic regression model showed that the best early rice and late rice N application were 163.4 kg/ha and 209.2 kg/ha. Therefore, the recommended N application rate of early rice and late rice were 163.4 kg/ha and 209.2 kg/ha in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, respectively, which can achieve high yield and efficient nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: Nitrogen application rate, Yield, Nitrogen utilization efficeincy, Nitrogen balance, Double- cropping rice

Table 1

Yield and its components in early rice and late rice"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 有效穗数
Effective panicles (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)
2020 早稻 N0 6256.5±198.0c 9.2±0.7c 142.1±6.7b 27.3±0.1a 84.5±2.5a
N90 7461.0±178.5b 11.2±0.9b 152.5±16.4b 28.4±0.8a 84.5±2.1a
N120 7510.5±177.0b 11.0±0.3b 144.3±10.0b 28.5±0.2a 88.9±1.8a
N150 7518.0±19.5b 11.3±0.7b 180.5±16.0a 27.6±0.3a 87.3±2.8a
N180 7753.5±91.5a 11.4±0.6b 177.5±17.6a 27.3±0.6a 85.6±5.4a
N210 7726.5±231.0a 13.2±1.2a 177.9±10.7a 27.3±1.1a 84.3±4.6a
晚稻 N0 6001.5±258.0c 9.8±0.4c 198.6±10.1c 23.0±0.5a 83.1±3.7a
N120 6901.5±300.0b 11.4±0.2b 194.2±4.9c 22.2±0.7bc 82.6±1.9a
N160 7122.0±174.0b 11.7±0.2b 214.5±6.2a 22.2±0.7bc 83.1±2.7a
N200 7456.5±63.0a 12.0±0.4ab 212.8±1.9a 22.6±0.3b 82.9±2.4a
N240 7477.5±127.5a 12.7±0.4a 208.3±11.0ab 21.8±0.4c 78.5±2.1b
N280 7551.0±87.0a 12.1±0.2ab 206.2±3.7b 22.7±0.1ab 78.6±2.6b
2021 早稻 N0 6523.5±169.5c 10.4±0.6c 150.9±5.8b 28.0±0.1ab 85.8±2.1a
N90 7761.0±157.5b 12.6±0.8ab 161.9±14.2b 29.1±0.7a 85.7±1.7a
N120 7797.0±147.0b 12.4±0.3b 153.3±8.6b 29.0±0.1ab 90.2±1.4a
N150 7794.0±166.5b 12.7±0.7ab 191.7±13.8a 28.2±0.2ab 86.8±4.5a
N180 8044.5±76.5a 12.8±0.6a 188.5±15.2a 27.9±0.5b 88.6±2.3a
N210 8031.0±195.0a 13.1±1.0a 188.9±9.2a 27.9±0.9b 85.6±3.8a
晚稻 N0 6723.0±294.0c 10.9±0.4c 210.8±11.2b 22.8±0.4a 81.5±7.6a
N120 7522.5±177.0b 13.0±0.2b 205.4±5.5b 22.3±0.5a 79.3±3.7ab
N160 8049.0±198.0b 12.8±0.3b 227.2±6.9a 22.4±0.3a 75.1±4.0b
N200 8277.0±70.5a 13.5±0.5ab 226.7±4.3a 22.6±0.4a 79.9±5.3ab
N240 8149.5±138.0ab 14.3±0.5a 221.1±12.2a 22.2±0.2a 75.8±5.1b
N280 8382.0±96.0a 13.6±0.2ab 218.5±8.2ab 22.6±0.1a 80.5±4.6a
ANOVA N * ** * ns ns
Y ns ns * ns ns
N×Y ns * * ns ns

Table 2

Contents of soil N input and output of the double-cropping rice"

处理
Treatment		 N输入N input (kg/hm2) N输出N output (kg/hm2)
Ndep Nirr Nin Nm Nf Ninp Nup Nres Nloss
早稻
Early rice		 2020 N0 9.3 6.4 107.4 97.2 0 220.3 136.8±5.0c 67.8±3.3e 15.7±1.1d
N90 9.3 6.4 107.4 97.2 90 310.3 179.1±3.8b 81.6±3.4d 49.6±3.6c
N120 9.3 6.4 107.4 97.2 120 340.3 184.9±4.5b 92.8±2.2c 62.5±9.3bc
N150 9.3 6.4 107.4 97.2 150 370.3 186.3±2.5b 107.7±6.3b 76.3±9.8b
N180 9.3 6.4 107.4 97.2 180 400.3 200.9±5.7a 116.4±4.2b 82.9±15.6ab
N210 9.3 6.4 107.4 97.2 210 430.3 203.4±4.4a 127.6±5.7a 99.2±9.1a
2021 N0 9.5 6.0 75.9±3.7e 124.8 0 292.1±1.7f 134.2±3.6d 66.5±3.2f 15.5±1.4d
N90 9.5 6.0 96.3±2.2d 124.8 90 402.5±1.1e 175.1±4.8c 80.0±3.3e 71.4±6.3c
N120 9.5 6.0 100.2±2.3d 124.8 120 436.4±1.2d 182.3±5.7bc 91.0±2.1d 87.1±3.3c
N150 9.5 6.0 117.5±2.7c 124.8 150 483.7±0.6c 192.8±5.4ab 106.0±4.8c 108.6±9.4bc
N180 9.5 6.0 128.4±2.7b 124.8 180 524.6±0.6b 193.6±6.9ab 115.5±2.5b 113.4±12.4b
N210 9.5 6.0 139.7±3.6a 124.8 210 565.9±1.6a 209.5±198.7a 126.0±6.4a 141.6±14.9a
晚稻
Late rice		 2020 N0 9.9 6.8 67.8±3.3e 140.9 0 301.3±1.3f 132.8±5.4c 75.9±3.7e 16.7±1.5f
N120 9.9 6.8 81.6±3.4d 140.9 120 435.1±1.4e 186.4±6.7b 96.3±2.2d 76.5±15.4e
N160 9.9 6.8 92.8±2.2c 140.9 160 486.3±1.1d 192.4±2.8ab 100.2±2.3d 117.8±4.0d
N200 9.9 6.8 107.7±6.3b 140.9 200 541.2±2.3c 202.2±9.4ab 117.5±2.7c 145.6±8.2c
N240 9.9 6.8 116.4±4.2b 140.9 240 589.9±0.1b 204.0±6.0a 128.4±2.7b 181.7±7.8b
N280 9.9 6.8 127.6±5.7a 140.9 280 641.1±2.6a 202.7±10.2a 139.7±3.6a 222.8±3.1a
2021 N0 9.6 7.4 66.5±3.2f 127.1 0 286.5±1.1f 125.5±4.4b 68.1±3.8d 17.0±1.2f
N120 9.6 7.4 80.0±3.3e 127.1 120 420.0±1.3e 197.9±7.8a 98.4±2.9c 42.1±5.6e
N160 9.6 7.4 91.0±2.1d 127.1 160 471.0±1.1d 205.3±4.1a 102.8±2.3c 87.0±1.9d
N200 9.6 7.4 106.0±4.8c 127.1 200 526.3±2.3c 209.5±7.6a 118.5±4.8b 122.1±5.6c
N240 9.6 7.4 115.5±2.5b 127.1 240 575.5±1.5b 206.1±9.8a 128.1±5.8ab 165.4±9.4b
N280 9.6 7.4 126.0±6.4a 127.1 280 626.0±0.3a 207.3±8.7a 136.0±6.0a 206.8±4.9a

Fig.1

Contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N in 0-100 cm soil profile of the double-cropping rice (a) early rice; (b) late rice; The datas in the figure are average value of 2020-2021."

Table 3

Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen apparent residue rate of the double-cropping rice"

处理Treatment NRE (%) NAE (kg/kg) NPFP (kg/kg) NPE (kg/kg) 氮表观残留率N residue rate (%)
早稻
Early rice		 N0 － － － － －
N90 23.5±1.8c 13.6±0.2a 84.9±2.0a 29.3±0.8a 17.0±3.7d
N120 26.2±1.4bc 10.7±0.2b 64.8±2.2b 26.2±0.2b 27.0±1.8c
N150 28.3±1.0b 9.3±0.9c 52.6±2.5c 23.5±1.9bc 37.2±3.6ab
N180 31.3±0.8ab 8.1±0.1d 42.3±3.7d 24.4±1.1c 42.2±1.8a
N210 34.4±1.4a 7.4±0.4d 38.3±1.5e 21.0±1.0d 47.1±2.1a
晚稻
Late rice		 N0 － － － － －
N120 32.8±1.9b 10.0±0.8a 60.0±2.5a 13.9±2.8c 26.0±2.1c
N160 35.1±1.1ab 8.1±0.1b 43.7±6.5b 17.7±1.0b 29.1±1.4c
N200 37.3±1.0a 7.5±0.2b 39.3±2.0b 19.7±1.2ab 39.0±1.9b
N240 37.1±2.5a 6.0±0.1c 32.5±1.4c 19.2±1.5ab 43.8±1.6ab
N280 37.1±2.3a 5.7±0.1c 28.4±1.4c 21.2±0.9a 47.8±1.3a

Fig.2

Nitrogen contribution rate and soil nitrogen dependence rate of the double-cropping rice"

Fig.3

One-dimensional quadratic regression analysis between rice yield and N application level of early rice and late rice"

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