Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 225-232.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.031

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seeding Amount Configuration on Yield Formation of Rapeseed by Aerial Seeding

Yang Zepeng(), Wan Kejun, Zheng Shenghua, Ao Yuqin, Ma Mingkun, Wan Xue, Li Shanshan, Song Xin, Wang Changtao, Chen Shanghong, Liu Dinghui, Chen Honglin()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences /Key Laboratory of Southwest Mountain Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-03-16 Revised:2024-04-10 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

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Abstract:

In order to determine the appropriate rate of nitrogen application and sowing rate for rice stubble sown rapeseed in hilly area of Sichuan, as well as to provide a theoretical basis to enhance the yield potential of late sown rapeseed in the hilly area of Sichuan and the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rapeseed. We did this by analyzing the differences in population growth and development, yield formation, and nitrogen utilization under various nitrogen fertilizer levels and sowing rates of rapeseed sown by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). During 2020-2021, a field trial was conducted in Anzhou district, Mianyang city, Sichuan Province. No N application and sowing rate of 3.5 kg/ha (N0S3.5) were used as the control, and two treatments with pure N levels: 135 kg/ha (N135) and 180 kg/ha (N180), and two treatments with unmanned aerial seeding: 3.0 kg/ha (S3.0) and 4.5 kg/ha (S4.5) were set. The results showed that the rapeseed yield increased with the increase of sowing amount or nitrogen application amount under the condition of equal nitrogen amount or equal sowing amount. The highest yield of 3143.05 kg/ha was attained at 180 kg/ha N application and 4.5 kg/ha sowing rate, which was significantly increased by 16.50%, 14.93% and 69.86% (P < 0.05) over N135S3.0, N135S4.5 and N0S3.0 treatment, respectively, and by 13.7% over N180S3.0 treatment. Nitrogen fertiliser apparent utilisation and nitrogen fertiliser agronomic rate reached the maximum. Under the condition of high nitrogen, reasonable increase of seeding amount can significantly improve the population green leaf number and LAI during the growth period of rape, effectively promote the increase of branch number, cornering number and dry matter accumulation rate of rape population, prolong the dry matter accumulation time, increase the total dry matter and nitrogen, and realize the construction of high-yield rape population and the synergic improvement of yield and nitrogen utilization rate. Therefore, 180 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and 4.5 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and sowing amount should be used in the production of UAV flying sowing in Sichuan hilly area.

Key words: Rapeseed, Unmanned aerial seeding, Nitrogen application rate, Seeding rate, Yield components, Nitrogen fertilizer utilization

Fig.1

Daily mean temperature and daily rainfall during the reproductive period of rapeseed at the test site from October 2020 to June 2021"

Table 1

Experimental design kg/hm2"

处理Treatment N P2O5 K2O 播种量Seeding rate
N0S3.0 0 90 90 3.0
N180S3.0 180 90 90 3.0
N180S4.5 180 90 90 4.5
N135S3.0 135 90 90 3.0
N135S4.5 135 90 90 4.5

Table 2

Effects of yield and its components of rapeseed at maturity stage"

处理
Treatment		 分枝数
Number of branches (/m2)		 角果数
Number of siliques (/m2)		 每角粒数
Number of seeds per silique		 千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)
N0S3.0 45.00c 1421.25c 17.52b 4.31a 1627.70c
N180S3.0 235.83b 5789.06ab 21.16a 4.27a 2764.80ab
N180S4.5 323.63a 6504.86a 21.40a 4.29a 3143.05a
N135S3.0 259.99ab 4865.00b 21.16a 4.29a 2697.95b
N135S4.5 250.30b 5072.18b 20.94a 4.28a 2734.78b

Fig.2

Dynamic characteristics of the number of green leaves and leaf area index in rapeseed populations"

Fig.3

Dynamic characteristics of dry matter accumulation in rapeseed populations"

Table 3

Dynamic characteristic value of dry matter accumulation of rapeseed populations"

处理
Treatment		 Wmax
(g/m2)		 Vmax
[g/(m2·d)]		 Tmax
(d)		 T1
(d)		 T2
(d)		 T
(d)		 回归方程
Regression equation		 决定系数
Coefficient of determination (R2)
N0S3.0 543.39 0.62 140.23 132.05 148.41 16.36 y=543.39/(1+6.42E+09e-0.1610x) 0.99451
N180S3.0 1037.88 1.33 131.66 123.85 139.48 15.63 y=1037.88/(1+4.33E+09e-0.1685x) 0.99472
N180S4.5 1252.12 1.65 133.28 125.77 140.78 15.01 y=1252.12/(1+1.43E+10e-0.1754x) 0.99709
N135S3.0 1001.05 1.38 134.16 127.02 141.30 14.28 y=1001.05/(1+5.63E+10e-0.1845x) 0.99525
N135S4.5 974.95 1.28 134.54 127.10 141.98 14.88 y=974.95/(1+2.21E+10e-0.1770x) 0.99253

Table 4

Characteristics of nitrogen accumulation and partitioning of rapeseed populations at maturity stage"

处理
Treatment		 氮素积累Nitrogen accumulation (kg/hm2) 氮素分配比例Nitrogen distribution ratio (%)
整株
Whole plant		 茎枝
Stem and branch		 角果壳
Shell		 籽粒
Seed		 茎枝
Stem and branch		 角果壳
Shell		 籽粒
Seed
N0S3.0 65.64d 7.74c 7.50c 50.40b 11.86a 11.23ab 76.91a
N180S3.0 129.17ab 23.28a 15.31ab 90.57a 18.00a 11.85ab 70.16b
N180S4.5 136.12a 20.60a 17.82a 97.69a 15.12a 13.10a 71.77ab
N135S3.0 104.05c 13.58bc 11.05bc 79.42a 13.01a 10.55ab 76.44a
N135S4.5 112.47bc 18.72ab 10.92bc 82.83a 17.10a 9.62b 73.28ab

Fig.4

Nitrogen fertilizer utilization in rapeseed Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatment at 0.05 level."

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