Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 113-119.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.06.015

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The Effect and the Residual Effect of Special Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer for Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under Rapeseed-Sesame Rotation System in Red-Soil Dryland

Lü Weisheng1(), Wang Xinyue1, Chen Ming1,2, Deng Xueyun1,2, Zhang Chen1, Li Zijing1, Luo Junyuan1, Liu Xiaosan1, Xiao Guobin1()   

  1. 1Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resource / Key Laboratory of Red Soil Arable Land Conservation and Green Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Arable Land Improvement and Quality Enhancement, Nanchang 330046, Jiangxi, China
    2School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2023-04-24 Revised:2023-06-17 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-05

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Abstract:

Rapeseed-sesame rotation is the main crop rotation system in red-soil dryland of southern China, but its N use efficiency is low. A field experiment was conducted in the red-soil dryland (Jinxian, Jiangxi) from 2019 to 2020 to explicit effect and the residual effect of special controlled-release nitrogen for rapeseed. The results showed that, one-off basal application of special controlled-release nitrogen for rapeseed (CRN) could enhance the nitrogen supply in the whole growth period and promote the growth of rapeseed, thus ensured stable or even outperformed the effects of conventional nitrogen fertilizer by split application (CN). Compared with CN, CRN increased the biomass, N accumulation and N use efficiency of rapeseed, especially improved the NO3--N concentration, total inorganic N, and use efficiency of residual N and accumulative N in tillage layer soils at rapeseed mature period, and eventually improved the next season sesame yield significantly. In the rapeseed- sesame rotation system, CRN reduced the labor cost of fertilization and improved the crop yield, therefore increased annual economic benefits. Under the treatments of CRN and CN, N rates of sesame season could be reduced by 22.4 and 10.2 kg/ha, respectively. In summary, it was suggested that the special controlled-release nitrogen for rapeseed should be applied to the rapeseed-sesame rotation system in red-soil dryland. Moreover, optimum N fertilization management in sesame season should be optimized with considering the residual effect of N application in rapeseed season.

Key words: Red-soil dryland, Rapeseed-sesame rotation, Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, Nitrogen use efficiency, Residual effect of nitrogen fertilizer, Economic benefit

Fig.1

Monthly air temperature and rainfall during rapeseed-sesame growth season in 2019-2020"

Table 1

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of rapeseed"

处理
Treatment		 SPAD 株高Plant height (cm)
苗期Seedling 蕾薹期Budding 初花期Initial flowering 蕾薹期Budding 初花期Initial flowering 成熟期Maturing
CK 39.7b 41.4b 33.6b 50.9b 122.4b 139.9b
CN 44.8a 48.7a 44.9a 61.4a 144.5a 171.2a
CRN 45.1a 49.8a 45.3a 59.8a 145.8a 169.1a

Table 2

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and its components of rapeseed at the maturity stage"

处理
Treatment		 收获密度
Harvest density (×104/hm2)		 每株角果数
Pod number per plant		 每角粒数
Seed number per pod		 千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Seed yield (kg/hm2)
CK 48.3a 41.8b 19.2b 3.41b 1161b
CN 48.9a 78.5a 20.7a 3.60a 2522a
CRN 49.1a 77.4a 20.9a 3.65a 2589a

Table 3

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on the biomass and N accumulation of rapeseed at the maturity stage"

处理
Treatment		 生物量
Biomass
(kg/hm2)		 氮素积累N accumulation 氮肥
利用率
N use
efficiency
(%)
茎秆Stem 角壳Shell 籽粒Seed 地上部积累总量
Aboveground N
accumulation
(kg/hm2)
积累量
N accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)		 积累量
N accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)		 积累量
N accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 占比
Proportion
(%)
CK 3307b 8.1b 13.8 5.9b 10.1 44.6b 76.1 58.6b －
CN 9019a 20.0a 15.4 12.8a 9.9 97.1a 74.7 129.9a 39.6a
CRN 9195a 20.5a 15.6 13.1a 9.8 98.4a 74.6 132.1a 40.8a

Table 4

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on the soil N content after rapeseed harvest mg/kg"

处理
Treatment		 铵态氮
NH4+-N		 硝态氮
NO3--N		 总无机氮
Total inorganic N
CK 5.2b 6.9c 12.1c
CN 7.8a 14.7b 22.5b
CRN 8.3a 28.6a 36.9a

Fig.2

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rapeseed on the yield of next season sesame Different small letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level,“*”and“**”indicate significant and extremely significant effects, respectively, R and S indicate rapeseed and sesame treatments, respectively, the same below."

Fig.3

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rapeseed on the SPAD value of next season sesame “ns”indicates no significant effect."

Table 5

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on N use efficiency and residual N efficiency in sesame season"

芝麻季处理
Treatment in
sesame		 油菜季处理
Treatment in
rapeseed		 芝麻氮素吸收量
N accumulation
of sesame (kg/hm2)		 芝麻氮肥利用率
N use efficiency
of sesame (%)		 油菜残留氮利用率
Residual N use efficiency
of rapeseed (%)		 油菜累积氮利用率
Accumulative N use efficiency
of rapeseed (%)
N0 CK 56.5d － － －
CN 66.0c － － －
CRN 71.7c － － －
N1 CK 92.8b 34.3b － －
CN 107.2a 39.2a 5.2b 44.8b
CRN 114.7a 40.9a 8.4a 49.3a

Table 6

The residual effect of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rapeseed"

油菜季处理
Treatment in
rapeseed		 芝麻施氮增产量
Increasing yield for N
application of sesame (kg/hm2)		 芝麻氮肥农学效率
N agronomic efficiency
of sesame (%)		 目标产量施氮量
N application for
target yield (kg/hm2)		 可替代施氮量
The substitute of
N application (kg/hm2)
CK 489 4.66 105.0 －
CN 542 5.16 94.8 10.2
CRN 622 5.92 82.6 22.4

Table 7

"

芝麻季处理
Treatment in sesame		 油菜季处理
Treatment in rapeseed		 产值
Output		 施肥投入成本Cost of fertilization 纯收入
Net income
肥料Fertilizer 施肥用工Labour 合计Total
N0 CK 20 151 1850 1500 3350 16801
CN 32 229 2822 2500 5322 26907
CRN 34 146 3282 1500 4782 29364
N1 CK 28 959 2122 1500 3622 25337
CN 41 985 3094 2500 5594 36391
CRN 45 336 3554 1500 5054 40282
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