Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 220-227.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.05.031

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Utilization and Grain Quality in Different Organs of Spring Wheat

Lu Jiahui1(), Wang Shuang1, Li Yun2, Guo Zhenqing1, Wang Jian1, Han Yucui1(), Lin Xiaohu1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology / Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
    2Research Center of Rural Vitalization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
  • Received:2023-06-07 Revised:2023-09-16 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-16

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the appropriate nitrogen amount of spring wheat in eastern Hebei province, “Jinqiang 11” spring wheat was utilized as the study material, and four levels of nitrogen application were established, the effects of 0 (N0), 80 (N80), 160 (N160), and 240 kg/ha (N240) on spring wheat processing quality, organ growth, nitrogen accumulation, and organ transport were examined. The results showed that nitrogen reduction was beneficial to the accumulation and transport of nitrogen in the later stage of wheat, and the contribution rates of post flowering nitrogen to grain were 29.63% and 28.53% when nitrogen reduction was reduced to N80 and N160, which was significantly higher than that of N240 (18.23%). The highest nitrogen accumulation levels were 5.04, 10.35 and 143.73 kg/ha in the sheaths, stems and grains of N80 at the later growth stage of wheat, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic use efficiency, nitrogen physiological use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of grain were N80 > N160 > N240. When nitrogen was reduced to N80, the grain water content and wet gluten content reached the maximum values, and protein content was the highest at N160 treatment, which could improve the quality of wheat in later processing. Considering the above factors, it is suggested that 80-160 kg/ha is the best nitrogen application rate for spring wheat planting in eastern Hebei Province.

Key words: Spring wheat, Nitrogen accumulation and transport, Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, Processing quality

Fig.1

Effects of different nitrogen treatments on plant height at different growth stages Different letters indicate the significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level, the same below."

Table 1

Ear growth indices under different nitrogen treatments"

处理
Treatment		 穗长
Length of spike
(cm)		 小穗数
Spikelet number
(×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Grains per spike		 有效小穗数
Efficient spikelet
number		 无效小穗数
Inefficient spikelet
number		 结实率
Seed-setting percentage
(%)
N0 29.03±0.09a 16.68±0.13a 46.50±0.95b 14.33±0.02b 1.85±0.09b 143.31±2.07c
N80 29.60±0.15a 16.55±0.33a 51.75±0.70a 14.77±0.20ab 1.78±0.03b 156.37±0.61a
N160 29.63±0.18a 16.51±0.18a 47.32±0.94b 14.42±0.13b 2.09±0.03a 143.27±2.45c
N240 30.20±1.19a 16.65±0.28a 50.03±1.35a 15.11±0.17a 1.54±0.03c 150.23±1.79b

Fig.2

Leaf yellowing rates after flowering under different nitrogen treatments"

Fig.3

SPAD values of flag leaves under different nitrogen treatments"

Table 2

Nitrogen accumulation in above-ground parts of spring wheat at different growth stages under different nitrogen application treatments kg/hm2"

部位Position 处理Treatment 拔节期Jointing 孕穗期Booting 抽穗期Heading 开花期Flowering 成熟期Maturity
鞘Sheath N0 26.58±0.56Aa 13.67±0.61Dc 14.68±0.00Cd 17.31±0.65Bc 3.02±0.25Ec
N80 26.74±0.65Aab 19.34±1.42Bb 16.98±0.18Cc 19.29±0.85Bbc 5.04±0.51Da
N160 26.69±0.37Ab 18.89±0.18Cb 18.46±0.84Cb 21.68±2.09Bb 3.77±0.17Db
N240 26.64±1.34Aab 21.47±1.25Ba 21.41±0.21Ba 25.41±1.26Aa 4.66±0.33Ca
叶Leaf N0 53.43±1.52Aa 50.43±1.56Bc 41.46±0.39Cd 37.53±1.04Dc 6.41±0.76Eb
N80 52.06±1.92BCab 62.48±1.70Aa 54.29±0.70Bc 48.41±4.20Cb 7.64±0.43Da
N160 51.76±1.81Bb 56.45±2.18Ab 56.32±0.59Ab 48.44±2.88Bb 7.69±0.33Ca
N240 51.14±1.36Cab 65.95±2.14Aa 59.13±0.50Ba 58.54±4.05Ba 7.05±0.48Cab
秆Stem N0 － 16.54±0.46Cc 18.02±0.69Bc 27.98±0.52Ac 6.49±1.08Ddef
N80 － 16.84±0.36Cc 20.05±0.15Bb 38.16±2.04Aa 10.35±0.45Dd
N160 － 19.35±0.38Bb 21.16±0.15Ba 33.06±2.18Aa 8.38±1.42Cdef
N240 － 20.57±0.44Ba 21.46±0.28Ba 31.09±1.91Abc 9.14±1.19Cde
穗Spike N0 － 7.62±0.30Cc 18.91±0.51Bd 23.73±0.86Ac －
N80 － 8.61±0.38Cb 23.78±0.63Bc 32.33±1.48Aa －
N160 － 9.64±0.11Ba 24.81±0.52Ab 25.30±0.72Ac －
N240 － 8.89±0.33Cb 26.20±0.11Ba 28.23±0.80Ab －
籽粒Grain N0 － － － － 111.14±4.72Cc
N80 － － － － 143.73±8.57Aa
N160 － － － － 134.83±4.96ABab
N240 － － － － 130.75±0.89Bb

Table 3

Nitrogen transport characteristics in different organs under different nitrogen application treatments"

处理
Treatment		 花前氮素转运量
Pre-anthesis N transport amount (kg/hm2)		 花前氮素转运率
Pre-anthesis N transport efficiency (%)		 氮素转运对籽粒的贡献率
Contribution rate of N transport to the grain (%)
鞘Sheath 叶Leaf 秆Stem 鞘Sheath 叶Leaf 秆Stem 花前Pre-anthesis 花后Post-anthesis
N0 14.29±0.68c 31.12±1.72c 23.16±7.78a 82.54±0.02a 82.91±0.03b 78.11±0.07a 74.86±3.19b 25.14±1.08b
N80 14.25±1.00c 40.77±4.59b 27.48±6.19a 73.88±0.03b 84.22±0.02ab 72.65±0.04a 70.37±2.93b 29.63±2.93a
N160 17.90±1.95b 40.76±3.19b 23.36±2.40a 82.59±0.01a 84.13±0.02ab 73.61±0.02a 71.47±2.14b 28.53±2.14a
N240 20.75±1.59a 51.49±4.51a 21.95±0.97a 81.66±0.02a 87.96±0.02a 70.59±0.04a 81.77±3.10a 18.23±3.10c

Table 4

Nitrogen use efficiency of grain under different nitrogen application treatments"

处理
Treatment		 氮肥利用效率
Nitrogen use
efficiency (%)		 氮肥农学利用效率
Nitrogen agronomic use
efficiency (kg/kg)		 氮肥生理利用率
Nitrogen physiological
use efficiency (kg/kg)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial
productivity (kg/kg)		 氮收获指数
Nitrogen harvest
index (%)
N0 － － － － 81.57±3.46a
N80 40.33±0.08a 10.73±1.49a 0.06±0.01a 85.03±1.07a 81.56±3.42a
N160 14.67±0.00b 4.47±0.81b 0.04±0.01a 41.62±0.37b 81.41±3.00a
N240 8.33±0.01b 1.68±0.76b 0.02±0.00b 26.44±0.16c 78.24±0.53a

Table 5

Grain processing quality under different nitrogen application treatments %"

处理
Treatment		 含水量
Moisture		 蛋白质含量
Content of
protein		 吸水率
Water
absorption		 湿面筋含量
Wet gluten
content
N0 11.69±0.03a 15.39±0.45a 44.41±3.15b 27.01±0.52a
N80 11.54±0.10a 15.67±0.64a 47.88±0.28a 27.93±0.75a
N160 11.53±0.19a 15.81±0.97a 48.13±0.83a 26.64±2.42a
N240 11.50±0.11a 15.73±0.13a 48.66±1.25a 26.42±0.41a
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