萘乙酸钠与吲哚丁酸钾对大豆苗期低温胁迫的缓解作用
Alleviating Effects of 1-Naphthalene Acid and Indole-3-Butyric Acid Potassium Salt on Low Temperature Stress at Soybean Seedling Stage
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收稿日期: 2025-01-16 修回日期: 2025-04-18 网络出版日期: 2025-05-29
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Received: 2025-01-16 Revised: 2025-04-18 Online: 2025-05-29
作者简介 About authors
杨昊,主要从事作物化学调控研究,E-mail:
为明确生长素对大豆苗期低温胁迫的缓解作用,以垦农18为供试品种,以萘乙酸钠(NAA-Na)与吲哚丁酸钾(IBA-K)及其复配种子包衣处理,从形态表型、抗氧化和渗透调节等角度,探究NAA-Na与IBA-K对苗期低温胁迫的缓解作用。结果表明,NAA-Na和IBA-K包衣处理可降低活性氧的积累和超氧阴离子(O2-. )产生速率,使得过氧化氢(H2O2)以及丙二醛积累显著降低;大豆幼苗的渗透调节能力提高,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸增加;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶等抗氧化酶活性增强,并促进抗坏血酸―谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环,进而缓解低温胁迫对大豆幼苗的损伤,使大豆幼苗地上及根部干物质积累增加,减轻了低温胁迫对大豆产量造成的影响,使大豆株荚数、株粒数、百粒重与单株粒重显著提高。
关键词:
To clarify the alleviating effect of auxin regulators on low-temperature stress at seedlings stage of soybean, the variety Kennong 18 was used as the test material, and seed coating with sodium naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA-Na), potassium indolebutyrate (IBA-K), and their mixture were adopted as the treatment. From the perspectives of morphological phenotype, antioxidant defense and osmotic regulation, the alleviating effect of NAA-Na and IBA-K on the growth and yield of soybean under low temperature stress was investigated. The results showed that the coating treatment with NAA-Na and IBA-K could reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the production rate of superoxide anion (O2-. ), and significantly decrease the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde. The osmotic regulation ability of soybean seedlings was enhanced, and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline increased. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were enhanced, and the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle was promoted, thereby alleviating the damage of low-temperature stress to soybean seedlings. The dry matter accumulation in the aboveground and root parts of soybean seedlings increased. The adverse effects of low temperature stress on soybean yield were mitigated, and the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, and the seed weight per plant were significantly increased.
Keywords:
本文引用格式
杨昊, 谷文文, 方淑梅, 姜海鹏, 梁喜龙, 王庆燕.
Yang Hao, Gu Wenwen, Fang Shumei, Jiang Haipeng, Liang Xilong, Wang Qingyan.
低温(low temperature,LT)是高等植物遭遇的最具危害性的环境胁迫之一。根据温度可将低温胁迫分为低温冷害(<20 ℃)和冻害(<0 ℃)[6]。冷害会对植物的生长发育产生不利影响,致使气孔关闭,光合作用和蒸腾作用减弱,进而使植物根系对水分和营养物质的吸收能力降低,地上与地下部分干物质积累受到限制,导致植株生长迟缓[7-8]。植物对低温胁迫的响应以及耐冷性的建立是一个复杂的过程,在未达到冻害的低温下,植物会通过一系列生理生化变化提升耐冷能力。植物感知到低温信号后,会通过积累渗透物质来缓解低温引发的渗透胁迫,上调各种抗氧化酶活性以抵御低温导致的氧化胁迫,还会通过复杂的信号级联反应诱导与低温胁迫响应相关基因的表达,从而使植物能够耐受寒冷乃至冰冻的温度[9],而这些交错的信号级联离不开植物激素的调控。
生长素(auxin,IAA)作为一种重要的植物内源激素,不仅参与植物的生长发育,在植物抗逆中也发挥着重要调控作用。外源施用IAA对缓解作物重金属[10]和盐胁迫[11]均有较好的作用,同时,IAA对低温胁迫的缓解作用也在多种作物中获得证明。IAA的积累可显著增强油菜抗寒性[12],也可通过调节IAA含量来缓解桃果实的寒害症状[13]。生长素类似物褪黑素(melatonin,MT)被证明在缓解大豆[14]和番茄[15]低温胁迫伤害起着重要作用;采用IAA或MT对马铃薯的根系进行短期处理,能够激活马铃薯对低温后期影响的保护反应[16]。萘乙酸钠(NAA-Na)与吲哚丁酸钾(IBA-K)是2类生长素的盐类衍生物,对植物根部具有显著的促生效果,且可提高植物根系抗逆性,目前多用于乔木扦插和生根等方面。
本研究以黑龙江地区主栽高油大豆品种垦农18为试验材料,于大豆子叶期进行低温胁迫,从形态建成、抗氧化能力、渗透调节及产量等方面,探究NAA-Na与IBA-K单剂及其复配包衣处理对大豆低温胁迫的缓解效应。为强化大豆耐低温研究提供理论基础,并为保障黑龙江地区的大豆苗期安全生产提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
本试验于2023-2024年在黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院(45°46′ N,124°19′ E)温室及盆栽场进行。供试品种为垦农18(黑龙江八一农垦大学选育),试验前取籽粒表面无伤、大小均匀的种子备用。供试药剂为NAA-Na(有效成分≥98%,河南新立源农业科技有限公司)和IBA-K(有效成分≥98%,河南新雨化工科技有限公司);室内盆栽试验所用土壤为草炭土,盆栽场桶栽试验所用土壤为黑钙土。草炭土基本理化性质为有机质2.85%、碱解氮147.74 mg/kg、有效磷196.45 mg/kg、速效钾650.94 mg/kg、pH 6.63;黑钙土基本理化性质为碱解氮190.44 mg/kg、有效磷96.50 mg/kg、速效钾386.55 mg/kg、有机质2.06%、pH 7.17。
1.2 试验设计
1.2.1 浓度选择
试验采用包衣处理(调节剂溶液与成膜剂聚乙烯醇以体积比3:7的比例均匀混合制成包衣剂,包衣剂为种子自重的2%),分别从5个NAA-Na浓度(0、2、5、10和15 mg/L)和5个IBA-K浓度(0、40、80、100和120 mg/L)中筛选出单剂最适浓度,筛选出NAA-Na和IBA-K的最适浓度分别为10和40 mg/L。根据单剂试验结果,再次选择5、10和15 mg/L NAA-Na和20、40和80 mg/L IBA-K两两组合,初步确定最适复配浓度,NAA-Na和IBA-K分别为10与80 mg/L。
1.2.2 盆栽种植与低温处理试验
大豆种子经75%的乙醇消毒、无菌水冲洗干净,稍微风干后进行包衣(表1),避光晾干,然后在以V草炭土:V蛭石=2:1为栽培基质的塑料盆中种植(每处理34盆),每盆均匀播种8粒(浇透水,隔天播种),覆土3 cm,于温室培养(昼/夜:16 h/8 h,23~28 °C/ 18~23 °C,光照强度18 000 lx)至子叶期,转移至气候箱(昼/ 夜:16 h/8 h,8 °C/4 °C,光照强度6000 lx)中低温处理5 d后进行移栽,一部分幼苗转移至温室复温2 d定苗,每盆保苗4株,于复温培养5、10、15、20及25 d后取完全展开第一片复叶测定生理指标,并于20及25 d时取样测定形态指标;另一部分幼苗直接移栽入大桶(上口径30 cm,下口径27 cm,高37 cm),每桶保苗4株,置于桶栽场培养至成熟期用于产量分析,期间管理同大田。所有试验指标测定均重复3次。
表1 NAA-Na与IBA-K单剂与复配处理应用
Table 1
| 处理 Treatment | 低温处理时期 Low temperature treatment period | 控温+调节剂 Temperature control+regulator |
|---|---|---|
| LT | 子叶期 | 低温处理5 d+清水 |
| CK | 子叶期 | 常温处理+清水 |
| N | 子叶期 | 低温处理5 d+10 mg/L NAA-Na |
| K | 子叶期 | 低温处理5 d+40 mg/L IBA-K |
| N+K | 子叶期 | 低温处理5 d+10 mg/L NAA-Na+ 80 mg/L IBA-K |
1.3 测定项目与方法
1.3.1 形态指标
各处理选取10株代表性植株,用清水洗净,将地上部和根部分开,分别测量株高、茎粗、叶和茎鲜重;105 ℃杀青30 min,80 ℃烘干至恒重,测定叶茎干重和根干重。使用EPSON V700 PHOTO扫描仪扫描根部,用WinRhizo PRO 2016根系分析软件测定总根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数及根平均直径。
1.3.2 产量构成因素
待成熟期各处理每盆取10株,共100株长势均匀大豆考种,测定株荚数、株粒数、单株粒重与百粒重。
1.3.3 生理指标
采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量[17],采用羟胺法测定超氧阴离子(O2-. )产生速率[18];采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)比色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性[19];采用愈创木酚比色法测定过氧化物酶(POD)活性[20];参照Fu等[21]的方法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;采用蒽酮比色法测定可溶性糖(SS)含量[22],采用考马斯亮G-250染色法测定可溶性蛋白(SD)含量[23],采用磺基水杨酸法测定游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量[24];采用二联吡啶法[25]测定总抗坏血酸(AsA+DHA)含量;使用上海优选生物技术有限公司的试剂盒(YX-W-A400)测定过氧化氢(H2O2)含量;使用苏州格锐思生物技术有限公司的试剂盒(G0206W,G0207W)测定总谷胱甘肽(GSH+GSSG)含量。
1.4 数据处理
采用IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0软件对数据进行单因素方差分析,采用Duncan’s新复极差法进行差异显著性检验,采用Microsoft Excel 2019软件绘图。
2 结果与分析
2.1 萘乙酸钠与吲哚丁酸钾处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆形态指标的影响
低温胁迫导致大豆生物量积累缓慢。如表2所示,低温显著抑制大豆地上部分生长,复温20与25 d时,LT处理大豆株高、茎粗、叶鲜重、茎鲜重和地上干重均显著低于CK处理,而此时N、K及N+K处理各地上部分生物量均显著高于LT处理,其中,N+K处理缓解效果在复温20 d时最好,其株高、茎粗、茎鲜重及地上干重相较于LT处理显著提高,较为接近CK处理;K处理的缓解效果略弱于N+K处理。随着复温时长增加至25 d,N、K与N+K处理地上各形态指标仍均高于LT处理且均接近CK处理,但各处理间差异小。
表2 NAA-Na与IBA-K包衣处理对低温胁迫下大豆地上部形态的影响
Table 2
| 复温天数 Rewarming days (d) | 处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (cm) | 叶鲜重 Leaf fresh weight (g) | 茎鲜重 Stem fresh weight (g) | 地上干重 Aboveground dry weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | CK | 24.40±0.67a | 2.95±0.07a | 2.48±0.20a | 2.67±0.12a | 0.74±0.04a |
| LT | 19.14±0.41c | 2.04±0.61c | 1.58±0.22c | 1.56±0.16c | 0.51±0.04b | |
| N | 21.63±0.38b | 2.60±0.08b | 2.24±0.09ab | 2.45±0.14ab | 0.65±0.02a | |
| K | 22.57±0.32ab | 2.78±0.09ab | 2.39±0.10a | 2.17±0.11b | 0.68±0.04a | |
| N+K | 23.23±1.48ab | 2.79±0.16ab | 2.48±0.12ab | 2.25±0.20ab | 0.68±0.05a | |
| 25 | CK | 27.13±0.52a | 3.11±0.12a | 2.65±0.03a | 2.81±0.06a | 0.93±0.06a |
| LT | 23.20±0.71c | 2.43±0.08b | 2.00±0.13b | 2.02±0.19b | 0.66±0.03b | |
| N | 25.33±1.48abc | 2.89±0.02a | 2.56±0.06a | 2.72±0.08a | 0.78±0.05ab | |
| K | 24.23±0.37bc | 2.85±0.15a | 2.57±0.07a | 2.63±0.05a | 0.79±0.03ab | |
| N+K | 26.93±0.59ab | 2.89±0.09a | 2.58±0.03a | 2.68±0.08a | 0.82±0.04a |
不同小写字母代表同一复温天数不同处理下差异显著(P < 0.05)。下同。
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments for the same rewarming days (P < 0.05). The same below.
低温胁迫对大豆根系生长的抑制程度大于地上部分。从表3中可以看出,LT处理总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均直径、根尖数及根干重均显著低于CK处理,且于复温25 d时差异仍显著,说明复温25 d时,低温对根系生长抑制仍未完全恢复。
表3 NAA-Na与IBA-K包衣处理对低温胁迫下大豆根部形态的影响
Table 3
| 复温天数 Rewarming days (d) | 处理 Treatment | 总根长 Total root length (cm) | 根表面积 Root surface area (cm2) | 根体积 Root volume (cm3) | 平均根直径 Mean root diameter (mm) | 根尖数 Root tip number | 根干重 Root dry weight (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | CK | 1149±65a | 204±13a | 4.21±0.30a | 0.65±0.01b | 794±41a | 0.127±0.004a |
| LT | 655±35c | 106±3c | 1.73±0.08c | 0.61±0.02c | 539±28b | 0.052±0.003b | |
| N | 706±80bc | 117±9bc | 2.08±0.11bc | 0.64±0.01bc | 704±77a | 0.056±0.004b | |
| K | 853±63b | 131±11bc | 2.33±0.27bc | 0.67±0.01b | 704±38a | 0.060±0.006ab | |
| N+K | 855±54b | 138±10b | 2.41±0.17b | 0.74±0.01a | 713±36a | 0.077±0.004ab | |
| 25 | CK | 1604±106a | 269±17a | 5.59±0.58a | 0.82±0.04a | 1109±60a | 0.273±0.023a |
| LT | 697±64d | 139±4c | 2.43±0.14c | 0.62±0.01b | 705±67c | 0.128±0.007c | |
| N | 969±50c | 174±8b | 2.71±0.29bc | 0.65±0.01b | 898±63b | 0.148±0.008bc | |
| K | 1242±87b | 175±8b | 3.57±0.24b | 0.67±0.02b | 993±69ab | 0.161±0.008bc | |
| N+K | 1280±46b | 177±12b | 3.32±0.19bc | 0.69±0.01b | 1044±62ab | 0.176±0.003b |
各包衣处理复温20 d时,N+K处理缓解效果最好,其总根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径和根尖数相较于LT处理均显著提高;K处理略弱于N+K处理。在复温25 d时,N、K和N+K处理总根长、根表面积与根尖数较于LT处理均有所增加;K与N+K处理对根体积与根干重的促进效果好于N处理。至复温25 d时,各包衣处理根系生物量均高于LT处理,但与CK处理相比仍差异显著,即复温25 d时各处理根系形态均未恢复至常温对照水平。
2.2 萘乙酸钠与吲哚丁酸钾处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆产量构成因素的影响
低温导致大豆植株生物量及干物质积累量减少,且具有持续性,苗期经历过低温的大豆产量构成因素显著下降。如表4所示,LT与CK处理相比,株荚数、株粒数、单株粒重与百粒重下降。N、K及N+K处理可增加生物量与干物质积累量,缓解对产量构成因素的影响。其中,N+K处理单株粒重增加最为明显,较LT处理显著增加45.5%,N处理单株粒重较LT处理显著增加34.1%;K处理株荚数、单株粒重、株粒数和百粒重较LT处理均显著增加。
表4 NAA-Na与IBA-K处理对大豆产量构成因素的影响
Table 4
| 处理 Treatment | 株荚数 Number of pods per plant | 株粒数 Number of seeds per plant | 百粒重 100-seed weight (g) | 单株粒重 Seed weight per plant (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 56.93±3.63ab | 142.87±9.73ab | 15.70±0.18a | 22.51±1.53a |
| LT | 46.27±4.59b | 122.53±12.47b | 13.66±0.12b | 16.74±1.70b |
| N | 55.93±3.56ab | 142.00±8.91ab | 15.81±0.28a | 22.45±1.41a |
| K | 63.47±5.49a | 160.20±13.81a | 14.50±0.39b | 23.23±2.00a |
| N+K | 59.87±3.34a | 154.73±7.85ab | 15.75±0.36a | 24.36±1.24a |
2.3 萘乙酸钠与吲哚丁酸钾处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆膜脂过氧化作用的影响
如图1所示,复温后5~25 d,LT处理较CK处理O2-. 产生速率及H2O2含量均显著提高。N、K以及N+K处理可降低ROS累积,但各处理降幅与达到最大降幅时间不同。复温后5~25 d,N与N+K处理O2-. 产生速率较LT处理均降低;K处理O2-. 产生速率的影响略高于N与N+K处理,仅在复温后15~25 d显著低于LT。N、K及N+K处理对低温下大豆H2O2含量的降低集中发生在复温10~20 d,N、K、N+K处理在此期间相较于LT处理均有所降低。
图1
图1
NAA-Na与IBA-K包衣处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆O2-. 产生速率、H2O2及MDA含量的影响
不同小写字母代表同一复温天数不同处理下差异显著(P < 0.05)。下同。
Fig.1
Effects of NAA-Na and IBA-K coating treatment on O2-. production rate, H2O2 and MDA contents of soybean seedling under low temperature stress
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments for the same rewarming days (P < 0.05). The same below.
膜脂过氧化作用的主要分解产物MDA含量可反映低温胁迫对植物的损伤程度。复温后5~25 d,LT处理MDA含量比CK处理显著提高21.4%~ 106.8%。N、K及N+K处理均可显著降低MDA含量,且在复温后5~15 d时降幅较大。其中,N+K处理MDA含量较LT处理显著降低12.2%~28.7%;K处理较LT显著降低23.6%~30.4%;N处理较LT处理显著降低11.0%~30.9%。随着复温时间延长至25 d,N+K处理缓解作用最好且最接近CK处理。
2.4 萘乙酸钠与吲哚丁酸钾处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆抗氧化酶活性的影响
在低温胁迫下,抗氧化酶SOD、POD与CAT活性上调将有助于体内环境稳定。如图2所示,复温后5~25 d,LT处理的SOD、POD与CAT活性比CK处理均显著提高。N、K及N+K处理可以提高低温下这3种氧化酶活性,但各处理主要作用时间与增幅均不同。其中,N+K处理的SOD活性在复温后10~20 d较LT处理显著提高,且呈先增后减的趋势。N处理在复温后5 d和20~25 d效果较为明显,较LT处理均显著提高。N与K处理对POD与CAT活性的提高作用更为明显。复温后5~25 d,N处理与K处理的POD与CAT活性比LT处理均显著提高。N+K处理在复温后5 d时CAT活性增幅最大,但随复温时间延长至25 d,效果减弱。
图2
图2
NAA-Na与IBA-K包衣处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆SOD、POD、CAT活性的影响
Fig.2
Effects of NAA-Na and IBA-K coating treatments on SOD, POD and CAT activities of soybean seedling under low temperature stress
2.5 萘乙酸钠与吲哚丁酸钾处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆AsA-GSH循环的影响
AsA-GSH循环是植物体内参与抗氧化的主要循环之一,低温胁迫下,大豆植株中的总抗坏血酸(AsA+DHA)与总谷胱甘肽(GSH+GSSG)将参与ROS清除,共同缓解氧化损伤。如图3所示,复温后5~25 d,LT处理AsA+DHA较CK处理显著降低7.3%~14.3%,AsA/DHA较CK处理显著降低16.9%~64.7%,GSH/GSSG显著降低14.2%~ 18.5%。N、K以及N+K处理可以提高低温下AsA+DHA、GSH+GSSG、AsA/DHA以及GSH/ GSSG含量,促进AsA-GSH正向循环。其中,N+K处理对总抗坏血酸含量影响大于其他处理,复温后5~25 d,AsA+DHA、AsA/DHA、GSH+GSSG及GSH/GSSG较LT处理均显著提高。
图3
图3
NAA-Na与IBA-K包衣处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆AsA-GSH循环的影响
Fig.3
Effects of NAA-Na and IBA-K coating treatments on AsA-GSH cycle of soybean seedling under low temperature stress
2.6 萘乙酸钠与吲哚丁酸钾包衣对低温胁迫下苗期大豆渗透调节物质含量的影响
渗透调节物质SS、SP和Pro可改变溶质浓度,维持细胞质形态,避免失水导致细胞死亡。如图4所示,复温后5~25 d,LT处理SS、SP及Pro含量较CK处理均显著提高。N、K以及N+K各处理SS、SP及Pro含量均有提高,但各处理增幅与作用时间不同。其中,N+K处理在复温后5~25 d,SS含量较LT处理均显著提高18.9%~41.2%,N处理SS含量在复温后5~15 d显著高于LT处理14.3%~35.6%;K处理SS含量分别在复温后5~15 d显著高于LT处理20.1%~36.4%。
图4
图4
NAA-Na与IBA-K包衣处理对低温胁迫下苗期大豆叶片SS、SP与Pro含量的影响
Fig.4
Effects of NAA-Na and IBA-K coating treatments on the contents of SS, SP and Pro in leaves of soybean seedling under low temperature stress
N+K处理SP含量增加集中发生在复温后15~25 d,较LT处理显著提高9.2%~36.5%;N与K处理的增幅较为均匀,复温后10~25 d均高于LT处理。各包衣处理在复温后10与25 d,Pro含量增加明显,其中N+K处理的作用略大于N与K。
3 讨论
低温胁迫直接影响作物形态建成,尤其是根系生长发育受温度波动影响较大[26]。前人研究表明低温会降低玉米根系增殖[27],造成主根变短[28];导致水稻[29]根干重降低、根毛变短变少、表面积减少,吸收利用能力降低[29]。NAA-Na与IBA-K对多种植物根系均有显著的促生长效果[30],常作为生根粉使用。本试验结果表明,大豆苗期遭受低温胁迫后,根系发育严重受限,在复温后也难恢复至正常水平,影响后期生长甚至导致减产。NAA-Na与IBA-K单剂及复配包衣处理均可有效缓解低温胁迫对大豆根系发育的影响,根部生物量显著增加;并且地上部分茎粗与干物质积累量均增加,进而缓解低温对苗期大豆的生长抑制。低温对苗期大豆植株的伤害具有持续性,会导致减产,使用NAA-Na、IBA-K单剂及复配处理后,各产量构成因素均有提升,进而维护产量稳定。
低温胁迫会造成细胞内ROS积累增加[31],MDA含量也随着冷胁迫程度的加深而增加。已有研究[32]发现,H2O2参与番茄中海藻糖调节的耐低温性增加,同样在烟草[33]和小麦[34]中,低温胁迫将导致H2O2和O2-. 产生速率显著提高。本试验结果表明,苗期大豆遭受低温胁迫后,O2-. 产生速率、H2O2及MDA含量均逐渐增加。植物体内由低温胁迫产生的过量ROS,可通过抗氧化酶与AsA-GSH循环及时清除。低温胁迫下的水稻[35]、白屈菜[36]以及菜用大豆[37]中,植株抗氧化酶活性均有提高。而外施适宜浓度的IAA均可以显著提高低温下抗氧化酶活性并增强AsA-GSH循环[38-39]。本试验结果表明,经过NAA-Na与IBA-K包衣处理的大豆苗期在低温胁迫后,SOD、POD与CAT活性提高;总抗坏血酸与总谷胱甘肽含量增加,AsA-GSH正向循环增强,加速了ROS清除效率,使O2-. 产生速率与H2O2含量下降;MDA积累减少,减轻ROS对膜脂的伤害,有利于保持细胞完整性,缓解低温带来的氧化胁迫伤害。
当作物遭遇低温胁迫时,渗透调节物质将在短时间内大量积累,提高渗透调节能力[40]。在番茄[41]、玉米[42]和鹰嘴豆[43]等植物中,低温胁迫将加速植物体内的多胺代谢与Pro累积;拟南芥[44]和枇杷[45]则会通过累积SS来减轻低温损伤。本试验结果表明,大豆苗期遭受低温胁迫,叶片中渗透调节物质含量均明显增加。NAA-Na与IBA-K包衣处理可进一步提高低温胁迫下大豆SS、SP和Pro的含量。说明NAA-Na与IBA-K可增加低温下大豆叶片中渗透调节物质含量,保持细胞水势与渗透压稳态,进而维护膜的稳定性。本研究发现,NAA-Na与IBA-K单剂与复配间效果存在差异,且主要表现在生理与作用时间等方面,推测此种差异可能是由NAA-Na与IBA-K作用机制不同与持效期不同共同导致的。
4 结论
NAA-Na与IBA-K单剂及其复配包衣处理均在不同程度上增加SS、SP和Pro等渗透调节物质含量,强化大豆植株渗透调节能力;提高植株抗氧化酶活性(SOD、POD和CAT),增强AsA-GSH循环;降低O2-. 产生速率,减少H2O2累积,降低MDA含量,膜脂过氧化作用减轻,缓解低温胁迫造成的细胞损伤,有利于大豆茎叶与根系在复温后的快速恢复生长,提高干物质积累,进而降低苗期低温胁迫对产量的影响。综合来看,10 mg/L NAA-Na和80 mg/L IBA-K复配包衣处理优于其他单剂处理。
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低温胁迫及复温对大豆关键生育时期叶片生理特性的影响
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[本文引用: 1]
为研究喷施外源褪黑素对玉米幼苗抗旱性的效果,探究褪黑素缓解干旱胁迫的作用机理。以玉米品种郑单985作为供试材料,采用水培试验,使用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,探究干旱胁迫下不同浓度(0、10、50、100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>)褪黑素对玉米幼苗生长、根系构型及分级特征、光合特性、抗氧化能力和渗透调节物质含量等指标的影响,采用隶属函数值法对不同处理下玉米幼苗的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:与不施褪黑素处理相比,喷施50 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>褪黑素效果最优,玉米幼苗的株高、地上部鲜重和干重、地下部鲜重和干重、茎耐受指数和根耐受指数均显著增加;玉米幼苗的总根长(RL)、根表面积(SA)、根体积(RV)和根尖数(RT)均显著增加,RL的Ⅰ级(RD 0~0.5 mm)、SA的Ⅰ和Ⅱ级(RD 0.5~1.0 mm)、RV的Ⅰ和Ⅱ级均显著提高,其中50 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>褪黑素处理中的根系Ⅰ级径级区间的RL和SA占该处理根系的总比例最高,达到82.40%和47.32%;地上部丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低了20.17%;地上部可溶性蛋白含量增加至最大,地下部可溶性蛋白含量显著升高了49.14%;光合速率(P<sub>n</sub>)和气孔导度(G<sub>s</sub>)分别增加了85.83%和32.81%;地上部和地下部超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、地上部过氧化物酶(POD)活性、地上部过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和地上部抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均显著升高;干旱胁迫下4个处理的抗旱性强弱排序为50 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>(MT<sub>50</sub>)>10 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>(MT<sub>10</sub>)>100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>(MT<sub>100</sub>)>0 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>(MT<sub>0</sub>),即MT<sub>50</sub>处理的抗旱性最强。外源喷施50 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>褪黑素有效调节了玉米幼苗地上部和地下部的抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节能力,减少了MDA含量,提高了地上部的光合作用能力,调节了玉米幼苗地上部和地下部的可溶性蛋白含量、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、SOD活性、POD活性、APX活性和CAT活性,提高了玉米幼苗地上部和地下部的生物量和伸长量,减轻了干旱胁迫对根系构型的影响,提高了玉米幼苗的抗旱性,为研究褪黑素缓解干旱胁迫的作用机理提供了理论依据。
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