检索
E-mail
RSS
高级检索 图表检索

当期目录 我要投稿 过刊浏览
高级检索 图表检索

作物杂志,2021, 第3期: 120–125 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.018

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

春玉米田翻压绿肥腐解及养分释放特征研究

王怡针(), 苏港, 曹利霞, 李泽, 葛均筑, 臧凤艳, 李子芳, 王金龙, 吴锡冬()   

  1. 天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,300384,天津
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-20 修回日期:2020-12-24 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 吴锡冬
  • 作者简介:王怡针,主要从事玉米栽培生理研究,E-mail： 2197148395@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200808)

Study on Decomposition and Nutrient Release Rule of Green Manure Returned in Spring Maize Field

Wang Yizhen(), Su Gang, Cao Lixia, Li Ze, Ge Junzhu, Zang Fengyan, Li Zifang, Wang Jinlong, Wu Xidong()   

  1. College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
  • Received:2020-07-20 Revised:2020-12-24 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Wu Xidong

RichHTML

5

PDF (PC)

189

摘要：

采用尼龙网袋埋田法,研究越冬绿肥二月兰在春玉米田土壤腐解特征及养分释放规律,为华北地区春玉米减肥增效技术研究提供理论依据。结果表明,二月兰还田0~10d腐解速率最高,达1.21g/d,阶段内累积腐解率为28.94%;11~45d进入缓慢腐解期,腐解速率为0.44g/d,阶段累积腐解率占比37.45%;46~123d腐解速率稳定在0.03g/d,至玉米收获时累积腐解率达71.26%。二月兰腐解期内养分累积释放率表现为钾>碳>磷>氮,分别达94.90%、76.46%、56.35%和53.83%,且钾、碳和氮均在还田0~45d累积释放量最高,而磷在还田0~3d出现“增高富集”后快速释放。据测算,二月兰腐解期内氮、磷、钾释放量分别为26.82、4.04和35.88kg/hm2。因此,华北地区绿肥二月兰还田可适当替代化学肥料,依据养分释放规律,春玉米前期应重氮磷、轻钾,后期补氮钾。

关键词: 冬季绿肥, 二月兰, 腐解特征, 养分释放规律

Abstract:

The nylon mesh bag burying method was used to study the decomposition and nutrient release rule of Orychophragmus violaceus as green manure returned in spring maize field to provide theoretical basic for reducing chemical fertilizer input and increasing nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize in North China Plain. The results showed that the maximum decomposition speed rate of O.violaceus was in 0-10d during the experiment duration, average decomposition speed rate and accumulation decomposition ratio were reached 1.21g/d and 28.94%, respectively. The O.violaceus decomposed slowly during 11-45d, which the average decomposition speed rate was 0.44g/d, and the accumulation decomposition ratio was accounted as 37.45%. After that, the decomposition was the slowest by the average decomposition speed rate was only 0.03g/d during 46-123d, and the cumulative decomposing rate reached 71.26% when maize was harvested. The accumulation nutrient ratio was K > C > P > N, and the accumulation release ratios were 94.90%, 76.46%, 56.35%, and 53.83%, respectively, during the decomposing period. The internal cumulative release of K, C, and N was the highest in 45 days of incubation, while P content was increased in three days and then decreased fast. By estimation, N, P, and K released from O.violaceus were amount to 26.82, 4.04, and 35.88kg/ha. Therefore, O.violaceus as green manure returned in the field could appropriatly replace chemical fertilizer in North China Plain, which should apply more N and P, and less K in the early stage of spring maize, and supplied some N and K in the late stage because of the nutrient release rule of O.violaceus.

Key words: Winter green manure, Orychophragmus violaceus, Decomposition rule, Nutrient release rule

图1

2019年试验期内的气温和降雨状况

图2

二月兰累积腐解率和腐解速率动态变化

图3

二月兰碳累积释放率和释放速率的动态变化

图4

氮、磷、钾累积释放率动态变化

图5

二月兰氮磷钾释放速率的动态变化

图6

二月兰碳与氮、磷、钾养分比动态变化

表1

二月兰养分释放量

养分
Nutrient		 还田前含量
Nutrient content before
returning (g/kg)		 还田前积累量
Nutrient accumulation before returning (kg/hm2)		 释放率
Release rate
(%)		 释放量
Release amount
(kg/hm2)		 残留率
Residual rate
(%)
C 488.63 2157.51 76.46 1649.63 23.54
N 11.28 49.82 53.83 26.82 46.17
P 1.62 7.16 56.35 4.04 43.65
K 8.56 37.81 94.90 35.88 5.10
[1] 严红星, 田飞, 刘建国 , 等. 绿肥、稻草还田对植烟土壤团聚体组成及有机质分布的影响. 烟草科技, 2019,52(4):9-16.
[2] Aboyeji C M . Impact of green manures of Vernonia amygdalina and Chromolaena odorata on growth,yield,mineral and proximate composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L .). Scientific Reports, 2019,9(1):17659.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54071-8
[3] Li T, Gao J, Bai L , et al. Influence of green manure and rice straw management on soil organic carbon,enzyme activities,and rice yield in red paddy soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019,195:104428.
doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104428
[4] 张晓琪, 景豆豆, 杨珍平 , 等. 绿肥苜蓿合理还田提高旱地小麦产量及土壤养分研究. 华北农学报, 2019,34(S1):221-227.
[5] 张硕, 缪绥石, 庞欣欣 , 等. 绿肥对土壤肥力和水稻生长的影响. 浙江农业科学, 2011(6):1318-1320.
[6] Adekiya A O . Green manures and poultry feather effects on soil characteristics,growth,yield,and mineral contents of tomato. Scientia Horticulturae, 2019,257:108721.
doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108721
[7] 刘思超, 唐利忠, 李超 , 等. 不同混作方式绿肥替代部分基施化学氮肥对双季稻产量形成特性的影响. 华北农学报, 2018,33(5):218-225.
[8] He H, Li W, Zhang Y , et al. Effects of Italian ryegrass residues as green manure on soil properties and bacterial communities under an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020,196:104487.
doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104487
[9] Zhou G, Gao S, Lu Y , et al. Co-incorporation of green manure and rice straw improves rice production,soil chemical,biochemical and microbiological properties in a typical paddy field in southern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020,197:104499.
doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104499
[10] Khan M I, Gwon H S, Alam M A , et al. Short term effects of different green manure amendments on the composition of main microbial groups and microbial activity of a submerged rice cropping system. Applied Soil Ecology, 2020,147:103400.
doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103400
[11] 董晓霞, 刘兆辉, 王梅 , 等. 绿肥对番茄发病率和土壤微生物种群数量的影响. 华北农学报, 2010,25(S1):309-312.
[12] 王国友 . 种植绿肥对生态环境的作用和效果. 安徽农学通报(上半月刊), 2011,17(13):132-152.
[13] 杨璐, 曹卫东, 白金顺 , 等. 种植翻压二月兰配施化肥对春玉米养分吸收利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013,19(4):799-807.
[14] 刘佳, 曹卫东, 荣向农 , 等. 华北越冬绿肥作物二月兰生长特征的研究. 中国土壤与肥料, 2010(5):77-81.
[15] 宁东峰, 马卫萍, 孙文彦 , 等. 华北地区棉田翻压冬绿肥腐解及养分释放规律研究. 华北农学报, 2011,26(6):164-167.
[16] 张成兰, 刘春增, 李本银 , 等. 不同施肥条件下毛叶苕子的腐解及养分释放特征. 应用生态学报, 2019,30(7):2275-2283.
[17] 曾进, 吴吕奇, 游璐 , 等. 籽粒苋绿肥在油茶林下的腐解及养分释放规律研究. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2017,37(4):97-102.
[18] 潘福霞, 鲁剑巍, 刘威 , 等. 三种不同绿肥的腐解和养分释放特征研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011,17(1):216-223.
[19] 鲍士旦 . 土壤农化分析(第3版). 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[20] 王如芳, 张吉旺, 董树亭 , 等. 我国玉米主产区秸秆资源利用现状及其效果. 应用生态学报, 2011,22(6):1504-1510.
[21] 李增强, 王建红, 张贤 . 绿肥腐解及养分释放过程研究进展. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(4):8-16.
[22] Frøseth R B, Bleken M A . Effect of low temperature and soil type on the decomposition rate of soil organic carbon and clover leaves, and related priming effect. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015,80：156-166.
doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.004
[23] Nicolardot B, Bouziri L, Bastian F , et al. A microcosm experiment to evaluate the influence of location and quality of plant residues on residue decomposition and genetic structure of soil microbial communities. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007,39(7):1631-1644.
doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.01.012
[24] 常帅, 闫慧峰, 杨举田 , 等. 两种禾本科冬绿肥生长规律及腐解特征比较. 中国土壤与肥料, 2015(1):101-105.
[25] 黄晶, 高菊生, 张杨珠 , 等. 紫云英还田后不同施肥下的腐解及土壤供钾特征. 中国土壤与肥料, 2016(1):83-88.
[26] 吕丽霞, 廖超英, 张立新 , 等. 渭北果园白三叶与黑麦草不同配比的腐解及养分释放规律. 西北农业学报, 2013,22(5):162-169.
[27] 邹雨坤, 李光义, 侯宪文 , 等. 不同还田方式下木薯茎秆腐解及养分释放特征研究. 中国土壤与肥料, 2014(6):86-91.
[28] 吴珊眉, House G J, 韩纯儒 . 免耕和常规耕作农田生态系统冬季覆盖作物残茬分解和养分变化. 土壤学报, 1986(3):204-211.
[29] 刘佳, 张杰, 秦文婧 , 等. 红壤旱地毛叶苕子不同翻压量下腐解及养分释放特征. 草业学报, 2016,25(10):66-76.
[30] 刘佳, 陈信友, 张杰 , 等. 绿肥作物二月兰腐解及养分释放特征研究. 中国草地学报, 2013,35(6):58-63.
[31] 迟凤琴, 匡恩俊, 宿庆瑞 , 等. 不同还田方式下有机物料有机碳分解规律研究. 东北农业大学学报, 2010,41(2):60-65.
[32] 李忠义, 何铁光, 蒙炎成 , 等. 稻田豆科冬季绿肥腐解及养分释放特征研究. 江苏农业科学, 2018,46(13):241-245.
[33] Addo J S, Lee H C, Baggs E M . Nitrous oxide emissions after application of inorganic fertilizer and incorporation of green manure residues. Soil Use and Management, 2003,19(4):331-339.
doi: 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00323.x
[34] Álvaro-Fuentes J, Morell F J, Madejón E , et al. Soil biochemical properties in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem as affected by long-term tillage and N fertilization. Soil and Tillage Research, 2013,129(1):69-74.
doi: 10.1016/j.still.2013.01.005
No related articles found!
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!