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作物杂志,2021, 第3期: 120–125 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.03.018

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

春玉米田翻压绿肥腐解及养分释放特征研究

王怡针(), 苏港, 曹利霞, 李泽, 葛均筑, 臧凤艳, 李子芳, 王金龙, 吴锡冬()   

  1. 天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,300384,天津
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-20 修回日期:2020-12-24 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 吴锡冬
  • 作者简介:王怡针,主要从事玉米栽培生理研究,E-mail： 2197148395@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200808)

Study on Decomposition and Nutrient Release Rule of Green Manure Returned in Spring Maize Field

Wang Yizhen(), Su Gang, Cao Lixia, Li Ze, Ge Junzhu, Zang Fengyan, Li Zifang, Wang Jinlong, Wu Xidong()   

  1. College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
  • Received:2020-07-20 Revised:2020-12-24 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: Wu Xidong

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摘要：

采用尼龙网袋埋田法,研究越冬绿肥二月兰在春玉米田土壤腐解特征及养分释放规律,为华北地区春玉米减肥增效技术研究提供理论依据。结果表明,二月兰还田0~10d腐解速率最高,达1.21g/d,阶段内累积腐解率为28.94%;11~45d进入缓慢腐解期,腐解速率为0.44g/d,阶段累积腐解率占比37.45%;46~123d腐解速率稳定在0.03g/d,至玉米收获时累积腐解率达71.26%。二月兰腐解期内养分累积释放率表现为钾>碳>磷>氮,分别达94.90%、76.46%、56.35%和53.83%,且钾、碳和氮均在还田0~45d累积释放量最高,而磷在还田0~3d出现“增高富集”后快速释放。据测算,二月兰腐解期内氮、磷、钾释放量分别为26.82、4.04和35.88kg/hm2。因此,华北地区绿肥二月兰还田可适当替代化学肥料,依据养分释放规律,春玉米前期应重氮磷、轻钾,后期补氮钾。

关键词: 冬季绿肥, 二月兰, 腐解特征, 养分释放规律

Abstract:

The nylon mesh bag burying method was used to study the decomposition and nutrient release rule of Orychophragmus violaceus as green manure returned in spring maize field to provide theoretical basic for reducing chemical fertilizer input and increasing nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize in North China Plain. The results showed that the maximum decomposition speed rate of O.violaceus was in 0-10d during the experiment duration, average decomposition speed rate and accumulation decomposition ratio were reached 1.21g/d and 28.94%, respectively. The O.violaceus decomposed slowly during 11-45d, which the average decomposition speed rate was 0.44g/d, and the accumulation decomposition ratio was accounted as 37.45%. After that, the decomposition was the slowest by the average decomposition speed rate was only 0.03g/d during 46-123d, and the cumulative decomposing rate reached 71.26% when maize was harvested. The accumulation nutrient ratio was K > C > P > N, and the accumulation release ratios were 94.90%, 76.46%, 56.35%, and 53.83%, respectively, during the decomposing period. The internal cumulative release of K, C, and N was the highest in 45 days of incubation, while P content was increased in three days and then decreased fast. By estimation, N, P, and K released from O.violaceus were amount to 26.82, 4.04, and 35.88kg/ha. Therefore, O.violaceus as green manure returned in the field could appropriatly replace chemical fertilizer in North China Plain, which should apply more N and P, and less K in the early stage of spring maize, and supplied some N and K in the late stage because of the nutrient release rule of O.violaceus.

Key words: Winter green manure, Orychophragmus violaceus, Decomposition rule, Nutrient release rule

图1

2019年试验期内的气温和降雨状况

图2

二月兰累积腐解率和腐解速率动态变化

图3

二月兰碳累积释放率和释放速率的动态变化

图4

氮、磷、钾累积释放率动态变化

图5

二月兰氮磷钾释放速率的动态变化

图6

二月兰碳与氮、磷、钾养分比动态变化

表1

二月兰养分释放量

养分
Nutrient		 还田前含量
Nutrient content before
returning (g/kg)		 还田前积累量
Nutrient accumulation before returning (kg/hm2)		 释放率
Release rate
(%)		 释放量
Release amount
(kg/hm2)		 残留率
Residual rate
(%)
C 488.63 2157.51 76.46 1649.63 23.54
N 11.28 49.82 53.83 26.82 46.17
P 1.62 7.16 56.35 4.04 43.65
K 8.56 37.81 94.90 35.88 5.10
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