玉米抗真菌病害基因挖掘与分子育种利用研究进展

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由真菌引起的病害可以在玉米叶片、茎秆和雌穗等部位及生长发育的各阶段发生，严重影响玉米产量及品质。培育和种植抗病品种是控制病害的重要途径，随着现代分子生物学的发展，全基因组及多组学技术的利用为玉米抗病基因的挖掘及抗性机制的解析提供了更可靠和更便捷的方式，通过分子育种与常规育种技术相结合改良现有种质也逐渐成为培育抗性种质的有效方式。本文综述了玉米常见真菌病害的抗病遗传、基因克隆及其育种利用的最新进展，展望了新抗病基因的挖掘和机理解析、广谱抗病基因及基因编辑等技术在玉米育种中的利用，以期促进玉米优良抗病新品种的培育。

关键词: 玉米真菌病害, 抗病基因, 抗性机制, 分子育种, 基因编辑

Abstract:

Diseases caused by fungi can infect leaf, stem, ear and other parts in all stages of corn growth and development, and led to a considerable decline in maize production and quality. Breeding and planting resistant maize hybrids is an important way to control the damage caused by diseases. With the development of modern molecular biology, genome-wide and multi-omics analysis technology provided a more reliable and convenient way for discovery of resistance genes and analysis of resistance mechanisms in maize. It is an effective way of using normal breeding and molecular breeding to improve disease resistance of existing germplasms. This article reviewed the latest research progress in disease resistance inheritance of common corn fungal diseases, gene mapping and its breeding utilization. Moreover, the discovery and mechanism analysis of new resistance genes, the utilization of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes and their gene editing technology in maize breeding were prospected, in order to promoting the breeding of excellent disease resistance maize varieties.

Key words: Maize fungal diseases, Resistance genes, Resistance mechanisms, Molecular breeding, Gene editing

温胜慧, 杨俊伟, 王洋, 李公建, 翁建峰, 段灿星, 贾鑫, 王建军. 玉米抗真菌病害基因挖掘与分子育种利用研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (3): 1–11

Wen Shenghui, Yang Junwei, Wang Yang, Li Gongjian, Weng Jianfeng, Duan Canxing, Jia Xin, Wang Jianjun. Research Progress on Discovery of Resistance Genes and Molecular Breeding Utilization of Fungal Diseases in Maize[J]. Crops, 2023(3): 1–11

图/表 1

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病害名称 Disease name	抗病QTL/基因 Resistance QTL/gene	染色体 Chromosome (bin)	自交系 Inbred line	参考文献 Reference
圆斑病 Northern corn leaf spot	Hm1	1	B73	[10-11]
圆斑病 Northern corn leaf spot	Hm2	9	-	[12]
大斑病 Northern corn leaf blight	qNLB8.06	8	DK888	[15]
大斑病 Northern corn leaf blight	qNCLB5.04	5	K22（HR）	[16]
	qNCLB7.02	7	齐319（R）	[17]
	qNCLB-8-2	8	SKV50	[19]
	Htn1	8	Pepitilla	[20]
	Ht2/Ht3 (ZmWAK-RLK1)	8	A619Ht2/A619Ht3	[21]
小斑病 Southern corn leaf blight	rhm1	-	H95_rhm	[26]
小斑病 Southern corn leaf blight	ZmNBS42	10	B73（S）	[27]
灰斑病Gray leaf spot	qGLS_YZ2-1	2	Q1（HR）	[29]
	qRgls1.06	bin1.06	WGR（HR）	[30]
	qGLS1.02	1	齐319（R）	[31]
	qRgls1 (ZmWAK-RLK)	8	Y32（HR）	[33-34]
	qRgls2 (ZmPK)	bin5.03-5.04	Y32（HR）	[32,35]
南方锈病 Southern corn rust	Rpp3	10	P25（免疫）	[46]
南方锈病 Southern corn rust	RppP25	bin10.01	P25（HR/几乎免疫）	[35]
	RppM	10	1484/Jing2416k（免疫）	[47]
	RppQ	bin10.01	齐319	[42]
	RppD	bin10.01	W2D	[44]
	Rpp12	bin10.02	冀库12（R/MR）	[38]
	RppC	10	CML470（HR）	[48]
	RppS	bin10.02	SCML205（免疫）	[45]
	RppCML496	bin10.00/10.01	CML496（HR）	[49]
茎腐病Stalk rot	RpiQI319-1/RpiQI319-2	bin1.03/bin10.02	齐319（HR）	[54]
	RpiX178-1/RpiX178-2	bin1.09/bin4.08	X178（HR）	[55]
	Rgsr8.1	8	S72365（HR）	[58]
	qRfg3	3	H127R（HR）	[57]
	qRfg1 (ZmCCT10)	10	1145（免疫）	[59-60]
	qRfg2 (ZmAuxRP1)	1	1145（免疫）	[59?-61]
	Rcg1	4	MP305	[62]
丝黑穗病Head smut	qHS2.09	2	Mo17（HR）	[69]
	q2.09HR、q5.03HR	2、5	齐319（HR）	[70]
	qHSR1 (ZmWAK)	bin2.09	吉1037（HR）/Mo17（HR）	[71?-73]
穗腐病Ear rot	qRfer1/qRfer10/qRfer17	bin1.03/bin7.01-7.02/bin4.05-4.07	承351/丹598/吉V203（HR）	[76]
	ZmLOX3、ZmLOX12	-	B73	[81?-83]