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作物杂志,2025, 第5期: 221–232 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.029

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同轮作模式对高寒黑土区马铃薯根际土壤真菌群落结构与功能的影响

王籽懿1(), 韩伟2, 金鸿飚3, 黄修梅1(), 张凤兰4, 杨忠仁4   

  1. 1 内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院， 014109， 内蒙古包头
    2 雪川农业集团股份有限公司， 075000， 河北张家口
    3 呼伦贝尔市农牧科学研究所， 021000， 内蒙古呼伦贝尔
    4 内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院， 010000， 内蒙古呼和浩特
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09 修回日期:2024-07-20 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 黄修梅，主要从事作物栽培研究，E-mail：huangxm0404@126.com
  • 作者简介:王籽懿，主要从事作物栽培研究，E-mail：1754899519@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2022YFDZ0010);河北省科技计划结转项目(21326320D);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0005)

The Effects of Different Rotation Patterns on the Structure and Function of Fungal Communities in Potato Rhizosphere Soil in High-Altitude Black Soil Areas

Wang Ziyi1(), Han Wei2, Jin Hongbiao3, Huang Xiumei1(), Zhang Fenglan4, Yang Zhongren4   

  1. 1 Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou 014109, Inner Mongolia, China
    2 Xuechuan Agricultural Group Co., Ltd., Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
    3 Hulun Buir Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute, Hulun Buir 021000, Inner Mongolia, China
    4 College of Horticulture and Plant Protection of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2024-04-09 Revised:2024-07-20 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-21

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摘要：

为明确马铃薯不同轮作模式下的根际土壤真菌群落差异，采用真菌ITS区的Illumina NovaSeq 6000高通量测序技术，通过FUNGuild真菌功能预测工具，对比分析当地6种传统种植模式对土壤真菌群落结构和功能的影响。结果表明，6个处理中的土壤样本共获得3350个ASV，划分为7门、22纲、72目、146科、300属和598种；与CK相比，T3、T4处理会提高土壤真菌多样性和丰富度，其中T4处理根际土壤真菌多样性和丰富度最高；不同轮作模式土壤真菌群落门水平的结构组成相似，但相对丰度各异，均以子囊菌门（Ascomycota）为优势菌门，相对丰度为58.60%~82.66%；PCoA分析发现，PC1和PC2可以解释38.76%的群落组成差异；由LEfSe的LDA（阈值为4.0）结果可知，在真菌群落所有分类水平上发现了24个差异物种；通过FUNGuild功能比对发现，不同处理间的主要营养类型为病理营养型和腐生营养型，其相对丰度存在差异，T2、T3及T4处理以腐生营养型为主，其中T3处理相对丰度最高，而T1和T5处理以病理营养型为主，CK则以腐生营养型为主，病理营养型为辅。综上，不同轮作模式改变了土壤真菌群落结构、多样性及营养类型，可用于调控集约化种植的土壤微生态环境，促进高寒黑土区土壤生态系统健康发展，提高粮食产量。

关键词: 高寒黑土区, 轮作模式, 马铃薯根际土壤, 真菌群落, 真菌功能

Abstract:

In order to clarify the differences in rhizosphere soil fungal communities under different rotation patterns of potato, Illumina NovaSeq 6000 high-throughput sequencing of fungal ITS regions was used to comparatively analyse the changes in soil fungal community structure and function of six local traditional cropping patterns by the FUNGuild (Fungal Function Prediction Tool). The results showed that soil samples from the six treatments achieved 3350 ASV, classified into seven phyla, 22 classes, 72 orders, 146 families, 300 genera, and 598 species; compared with CK, T3, T4 treatment would increase the diversity and richness of soil fungi, T4 treatment had the highest diversity and abundance of soil fungi in rhizosphere; the structural composition of soil fungi at the phylum level was similar in different crop rotation patterns, but the relative abundance varied. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum, with relative abundance ranging from 58.60% to 82.66%; the PCoA analysis revealed that PC1 and PC2 could explain 38.76% of the differences in community composition; the LDA (threshold 4.0) results of LEfSe showed that 24 differential species were found at all taxonomic levels of the fungal community; the FUNGuild function comparison revealed that the main trophic types were the same as the pathotrophic and saprotrophic trophic types among the different treatments, but there were differences in the relative abundance. T2, T3 and T4 treatments were dominated by saprotroph, T3 treatment had the highest relative abundance of saprotroph, while T1 and T5 treatment were dominated by pathotroph. CK was dominated by saprotrophs with pathotrophs as the secondary trophic type. In conclusion, different rotation patterns altered the structure, diversity and trophic types of soil fungal communities, which can be used to regulate the soil microbiological environment of intensive planting systems, to promote the health and harmony of soil ecosystems in the high-altitude black soil area, and to improve grain yield.

Key words: High-altitude black soil area, Rotation pattern, Potato rhizosphere soil, Fungal communities, Fungal function

表1

不同轮作模式土壤样本信息与真菌类别

处理Treatment 有效序列Effective sequences 门Phylum 纲Class 目Order 科Family 属Genus 种Species
T1 277 136 7 15 34 53 87 122
T2 233 459 7 18 51 84 136 206
T3 246 624 7 17 47 79 134 201
T4 269 395 7 18 46 91 146 219
T5 259 567 7 17 41 67 111 171
CK 246 624 6 16 40 67 120 192
合计Total 1 572 105 7 22 72 146 300 598

图1

不同轮作模式ASV分布花瓣图

图2

覆盖率指数和等级丰度曲线

表2

不同轮作模式根际土壤真菌群落α多样性分析

处理Treatment ACE Chao 1 Shannon Simpson
T1 398.61 398.25 4.34 0.7758
T2 394.43 394.06 4.86 0.8725
T3 498.29 497.62 5.88 0.9351
T4 585.18 585.39 6.28 0.9501
T5 499.07 498.06 4.99 0.8640
CK 453.74 453.18 5.15 0.9068

图3

不同轮作模式土壤真菌群落结构的非度量多维尺度分析

图4

不同轮作模式的门、属水平土壤真菌群落组成

图5

不同轮作模式土壤真菌群落的PCoA分析

图6

不同轮作模式土壤真菌群落结构门、属水平的热图

图7

土壤真菌群落的LEfSe差异分析和差异物种线性判别分析

图8

不同轮作模式的土壤真菌营养方式相对丰度

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