土壤镉污染对箭筈豌豆生长、镉积累和营养物质吸收的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用污染土盆栽法,研究箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）在镉（Cd）添加量为2.5和10.0mg/kg土壤中的生长状况、营养物质吸收和镉富集特征。结果表明,土壤镉添加对箭筈豌豆地上部和地下部生物量没有显著影响,但使种子的生物量降低。轻度和重度镉污染条件下,箭筈豌豆地下部的镉富集系数为21.12~26.39,地上部的镉富集系数为0.47~1.00,种子的镉富集系数为0.46~1.16,镉的转运系数为0.02~0.05。地下部镉含量达268.97mg/kg,地上部和种子的镉含量超国家食品限量标准,营养元素尤其是Fe、Zn、Mn和P的含量,受到镉添加的显著影响。因此,箭筈豌豆可用于镉污染土壤的植物修复,但需防范地上部和种子食用和饲用的安全风险;镉对营养元素吸收的影响是其生长受抑制的原因之一。

关键词: 箭筈豌豆, 土壤, 镉污染, 营养元素

Abstract:

We investigated the effects of soil with cadmium (Cd) addition of 2.5mg/kg and 10.0mg/kg on growth, Cd accumulation and nutrient uptake of V. sativa using sand culture experiments. Results showed that Cd addition didn’t have siginificant effects on aboveground and underground biomass, but decreased the seed biomass of V. sativa. Under light and severe cadmium pollution conditions, the Cd enrichment coefficient of underground part, aboveground part and seed are 21.12-26.39, 0.47-1.00 and 0.46-1.16, respectively, and the Cd transfer coefficient of V. sativa was 0.02~0.05. Cd accumulation in underground part reached 268.97mg/kg under 10.0mg/kg Cd addition condition and Cd accumulation in aboveground part and seed exceeded the national standards for food under 2.5mg/kg and 10.0mg/kg Cd addition condition. The concentrations of nutrients, especially Fe, Zn, Mn, and P were significantly affected by the Cd addition. Results indicated that V. sativa could be used for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil, but there were needs to guard against risk of food Cd contamination. Effect of Cd on nutrient uptake was one of the causes for the growth inhibition of V. sativa under Cd stress.

Key words: Vicia sativa L., Soil, Cadmium, Nutrient elements

芮海云,沈振国,张芬琴. 土壤镉污染对箭筈豌豆生长、镉积累和营养物质吸收的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (6): 104–108

Haiyun Rui,Zhenguo Shen,Fenqin Zhang. Effects of Soil Cadmium Contamination on Growth, Cadmium Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Vicia sativa L.[J]. Crops, 2017(6): 104–108

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收获时间 Harvest time	处理 Treatment	地下部的干重 Underground part dry weight	地上部的干重 Aboveground part dry weight	种子的干重 Seed dry weight	豆荚的干重 Pod dry weight
播种后35d 35 days after sowing	对照CK	0.42±0.08b	1.81±0.13b	/	/
	T1	0.37±0.05b	1.64±0.24b	/	/
	T2	0.38±0.04b	1.69±0.05b	/	/
播种后55d 55 days after sowing	对照CK	1.46±0.04a	3.49±0.46a	0.45±0.07a	0.46±0.04a
	T1	1.43±0.06a	3.41±0.16a	0.36±0.08ab	0.36±0.08ab
	T2	1.42±0.05a	3.59±0.40a	0.30±0.04b	0.32±0.07b

项目Item	播种后35d 35days after sowing			播种后55d 55days after sowing
项目Item	对照CK	T1	T2	对照CK	T1	T2
地下部镉积累 Underground part cadmium accumulation	0.87±0.12d	57.10±9.37c	215.47±6.27b	0.96±0.15d	71.24±11.24c	268.97±21.09a
地下部镉富集系数 Underground part cadmium enrichment coefficient	4.34±0.60c	21.15±3.47b	21.12±0.61b	4.80±0.75c	26.39±4.16a	26.37±2.07a
地上部（不含果实）镉积累 Aboveground part cadmium accumulation	0.12±0.04d	2.58±0.35c	4.83±0.52b	0.11±0.02d	2.69±0.89c	6.19±0.02a
地上部镉富集系数 Aboveground part cadmium enrichment coefficient	0.60±0.18b	0.95±0.13a	0.47±0.05b	0.57±0.12b	1.00±0.33a	0.61±0.01b
转运系数 Transfer coefficient	0.14±0.06a	0.05±0.01b	0.02±0.00b	0.12±0.04a	0.04±0.01b	0.02±0.00b
种子镉积累 Seed cadmium accumulation	/	/	/	0.05±0.01c	3.12±0.23b	4.69± 0.14a
种子镉富集系数 Seed cadmium enrichment coefficient	/	/	/	0.26±0.01c	1.16±0.05a	0.46±0.01b
豆荚镉积累 Pod cadmium accumulation	/	/	/	0.05±0.01c	2.75±0.33b	4.45±0.55a
豆荚镉富集系数 Pod cadmium enrichment coefficient	/	/	/	0.26±0.03c	1.00±0.20a	0.44±0.05b

植物组织Tissues	处理Treatment	Fe(μg/kg)	Zn(μg/kg)	Mn(μg/kg)	Mg(mg/kg)	Ca(mg/kg)	P(mg/kg)
地上部	对照CK	193.50±13.69a	22.04±1.58a	43.60±5.62a	5.82±0.41a	33.39±2.91a	2.43±0.05b
Aboveground part	T1	168.97±6.60b	19.56±2.06ab	34.63±1.53b	5.77±0.58a	29.27±1.50a	2.62±0.26ab
	T2	156.30±9.16b	17.64±0.24b	33.44±2.79b	5.65±0.31a	29.84±3.15a	2.84±0.14a
地下部	对照CK	3 533.90±429.22a	43.79±3.37a	90.94±5.62b	7.65±0.62b	25.99±3.20a	3.59±0.22a
Underground part	T1	3 619.86±207.66a	40.15±1.64ab	91.58±6.42b	9.09±0.56a	27.21±0.31a	3.64±0.14a
	T2	3 556.88±331.86a	37.88±2.68b	107.02±4.44a	8.94±0.67a	24.98±0.41a	3.76±0.19a
种子Seed	对照CK	76.09±9.08a	22.01±3.09b	14.12±0.74a	1.59±0.09b	1.54±0.11b	5.34±0.35b
	T1	85.18±7.59a	25.02±0.54ab	14.54±0.76a	1.74±0.07a	1.53±0.15b	6.06±0.34a
	T2	86.61±3.91a	26.15±1.17a	14.54±1.05a	1.67±0.04ab	1.79±0.03a	5.61±0.27ab
豆荚Pod	对照CK	149.05±5.95a	22.52±3.09a	27.45±2.48a	4.40±0.30b	11.98±0.81ab	5.48±0.63b
	T1	138.38±5.65a	24.14±2.81a	26.56±2.37a	4.49±0.19b	11.71±0.74b	6.44±0.46a
	T2	137.55±13.34a	25.29±0.97a	28.06±3.23a	5.10±0.29a	13.55±0.73a	5.58±0.21ab