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作物杂志,2019, 第2期: 8–14 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.002

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

转基因作物的生物安全：基因漂移及其潜在生态风险的研究和管控

郭利磊1,2,朱家林3,孙世贤2,闫硕1,2   

  1. 1 中国农业大学植物保护学院,100193,北京
    2 全国农业技术推广服务中心,100125,北京
    3 中华人民共和国北京海关,100026,北京
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-06 修回日期:2019-02-18 出版日期:2019-04-15 发布日期:2019-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 闫硕

Biosafety of Transgenic Crop: Research and Constraint of Potential Ecological Risk of Gene Flow

Lilei Guo1,2,Jialin Zhu3,Shixian Sun2,Shuo Yan1,2   

  1. 1 College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    2 National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
    3 Beijing Customs District P. R. China, Beijing 100026, China
  • Received:2018-09-06 Revised:2019-02-18 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-12
  • Contact: Shuo Yan

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摘要：

转基因作物品种在商业化推广的20多年间发展迅猛,在保障食品供应、拓展农业功能、缓解资源约束、保护生态环境等方面做出了卓越贡献。在创造巨大经济、环境和社会效益的同时,转基因作物的生物安全问题也引起了全球的广泛关注和讨论。其中,难以准确预见的外源基因通过基因漂移逃逸至非转基因作物及其野生近缘种,进而导致潜在的生态风险就是国内外学者的研究热点。围绕基因漂移的机制及其生态风险、风险评估、控制措施等问题进行介绍和讨论,并展望转基因生物技术的发展趋势。

关键词: 转基因作物, 基因漂移, 生态安全, 安全性评价, 物理隔离

Abstract:

Genetically modified (GM) crop is developing fast in the past 20 years on a large-scale commercialization and extension, which makes a great contribution to the food supply, extension of agriculture function, alleviation of resources constraints and protection of ecological environment. Global concerns and debates have been raised by the biosafety of GM crop while great economic, environmental and social benefits are brought by their planting. Transgene can escape to non-GM crops and wild relatives via gene flow resulting in ecological risk, which is mostly studied by domestic and foreign researchers. This paper mainly compassed the introduction and discussion about the mechanism, ecological risk, risk assessment, and the control measures of gene flow, furthermore, the future utilization of GM technology was proposed.

Key words: Transgenic crop, Gene flow, Ecological safety, Safety assessment, Physical isolation

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