北疆春玉米覆膜、滴灌技术效应研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.016

作物杂志,2019, 第4期: 107–112 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.016

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

北疆春玉米覆膜、滴灌技术效应研究

万晓菊^1,²,张国强^1,²,王克如²,谢瑞芝²,沈东萍^1,²,陈江鲁⁴,刘朝巍^1,³,李少昆^1,²

1 石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,832003,新疆石河子
2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,100081,北京
3 西华师范大学,637002,四川南充
4 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所,831300,新疆五家渠

收稿日期:2019-02-13 修回日期:2019-05-03 出版日期:2019-08-15 发布日期:2019-08-06
通讯作者: 刘朝巍,李少昆
作者简介:万晓菊,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产生理生态
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31360302);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-25);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程;新疆生产建设兵团第六师五家渠市科技项目(1703)

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Drip Irrigation on Spring Maize in Northern Xinjiang

Wan Xiaoju^1,²,Zhang Guoqiang^1,²,Wang Keru²,Xie Ruizhi²,Shen Dongping^1,²,Chen Jianglu⁴,Liu Chaowei^1,³,Li Shaokun^1,²

1 Agronomy College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
3 Xihua Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China
4 The Sixth Division of Agricultural Science Research Institute of Xinjiang, Wujiaqu 831300, Xinjiang, China

Received:2019-02-13 Revised:2019-05-03 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-08-06
Contact: Chaowei Liu,Shaokun Li

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确覆膜和滴灌对北疆密植玉米产量、田间灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）和经济效益等因素的影响,于2017-2018年在新疆奇台农场设置膜下滴灌、露地滴灌、覆膜沟灌和露地沟灌4种灌溉方式开展技术效应研究。结果表明:不同灌溉方式处理玉米产量、IWUE和经济效益均表现为膜下滴灌>露地滴灌>覆膜沟灌>露地沟灌。2017年,膜下滴灌、露地滴灌、覆膜沟灌与露地沟灌相比分别增产36.8%、27.8%和16.8%;2018年,在600mm灌溉量下膜下滴灌、露地滴灌、覆膜沟灌与露地沟灌相比分别增产31.7%、22.4%和11.1%;在900mm灌溉量下,各处理产量比露地沟灌分别提高了20.7%、14.2%和7.3%。2017-2018年,滴灌处理的IWUE比沟灌提高16.9%~22.1%,经济效益提高了24.5%~35.3%;覆膜处理的IWUE比露地提高了7.8%~11.3%,经济效益提高了7.3%~13.0%。因此,在干旱灌溉区域密植结合膜下滴灌技术有利于获得高的产量、IWUE和经济效益,膜下滴灌是使得该区域春玉米高产、高效的最佳生产方式。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 春玉米, 产量, 灌溉水利用效率, 经济效益

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of mulching and drip irrigation on yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic benefits of densely planted maize in northern Xinjiang. From 2017 to 2018, four irrigation modes were set up in Qitai Farm of Xinjiang to study the technical effects of drip irrigation under mulched, drip irrigation in open field, furrow irrigation under mulch and furrow irrigation in open field. The results showed that there were significant differences in maize yield, IWUE and economic benefits under different irrigation methods, which were as follows: drip irrigation under mulched>drip irrigation in open field>furrow irrigation under mulched >furrow irrigation in open field. In 2017, grain yields of drip irrigation under mulched, drip irrigation under open field and furrow irrigation under mulched compared with furrow irrigation increased by 36.8%, 27.8% and 16.8%, respectively. In 2018, under 600mm irrigation, the yields of drip irrigation under mulched, drip irrigation under open field and furrow irrigation under film mulching compared with furrow irrigation increased by 31.7%, 22.4% and 11.1%, respectively. In 900mm irrigation, the yields of each treatment increased by 20.7%, 14.2% and 7.3% respectively. From 2017 to 2018, yields and IWUE of drip irrigation increased by 16.9%-22.1% and the economic benefits increased 24.5%-35.3% compared with furrow irrigation and the yields and IWUE of film mulched increased by 7.8%-11.3% and the economic benefits increased 7.3%-13.0% compared with open field. Therefore, close planting combined with drip irrigation under mulched is conducive to high yield, IWUE and economic benefits in arid irrigation area, and drip irrigation under mulched is the best mode of maize production with high yield and high efficiency in this area.

Key words: Drip irrigation under mulch, Spring maize, Yield, Irrigation water use efficiency, Economic benefits

万晓菊,张国强,王克如,谢瑞芝,沈东萍,陈江鲁,刘朝巍,李少昆. 北疆春玉米覆膜、滴灌技术效应研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (4): 107–112

Wan Xiaoju,Zhang Guoqiang,Wang Keru,Xie Ruizhi,Shen Dongping,Chen Jianglu,Liu Chaowei,Li Shaokun. Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Drip Irrigation on Spring Maize in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Crops, 2019(4): 107–112

图/表 4

表1

图1

表2

表3

参考文献 21

[1]	李少昆, 吕新 . 新疆春玉米超高产栽培的实践与探索. 中国农业科技导报, 2000,2(3):43-46.
[2]	张旺锋, 王振林, 余松烈 , 等. 种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响. 植物生态学报, 2004,28(2):164-171.
[3]	马富裕, 李俊华, 李明思 , 等. 棉花膜下滴灌增产机理及主要配套技术研究. 石河子大学学报, 1999(S1):43-48.
[4]	张国强, 王克如, 肖春华 , 等. 滴灌量对新疆高产春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响研究. 玉米科学, 2015,23(4):117-123.
[5]	明博, 谢瑞芝, 侯鹏 , 等. 2005-2016年中国玉米种植密度变化分析. 中国农业科学, 2017,50(11):1960-1972.
[6]	Liu G Z, Hou P, Xie R Z , et al. Canopy characteristics of high-yield maize with yield potential of 22.5 Mg ha ^-1 . Field Crops Research, 2017,213:221-230.
[7]	陈国平, 高聚林, 赵明 , 等. 近年我国玉米超高产田的分布产量构成及关键技术. 作物学报, 2012,38(1):84-89.
[8]	孙扬, 郭占全, 吴春胜 , 等. 地膜覆盖对玉米产量及干物质特性的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2016,35(6):72-75.
[9]	樊廷录, 李永平, 李尚中 , 等. 旱作地膜玉米密植增产用水效应及土壤水分时空变化. 中国农业科学, 2016,49(19):3721-3732.
[10]	王增丽, 董平国, 樊晓康 , 等. 膜下滴灌不同灌溉定额对土壤水盐分布和春玉米产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2016,49(12):2345-2354.
[11]	宁松瑞, 左强, 石建初 , 等. 新疆典型膜下滴灌棉花种植模式的用水效率与效益. 农业工程学报, 2013,29(22):90-99.
[12]	沈东萍, 张国强, 王克如 , 等. 滴灌量对高产春玉米冠层结构特征及产量的影响. 西北农业学报, 2018,27(8):1137-1145.
[13]	文凤, 孙占祥, 白伟 , 等. 不同覆盖方式对玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响. 辽宁农业科学, 2010(5):6-9.
[14]	Zhang Y Q, Wang J D, Gong S H , et al. Effects of film mulching on evapotranspiration,yield and water use efficiency of a maize field with drip irrigation in Northeastern China. Agricultural Water Management, 2018,205:90-99.
[15]	王罕博, 龚道枝, 梅旭荣 , 等. 覆膜和露地旱作春玉米生长与蒸散动态比较. 农业工程学报, 2012,28(22):88-94.
[16]	王凤新, 康跃虎, 刘士平 . 滴灌与沟灌马铃薯覆膜效应研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2003,11(4):104-107.
[17]	李真朴, 刘学军, 翟汝伟 , 等. 宁夏半干旱区玉米滴灌灌溉制度试验研究. 水资源与水工程学报, 2017,28(5):242-246.
[18]	何林望, 屈英, 陈林 . 新疆大田膜下滴灌技术研究与推广. 新疆农垦经济, 2002(1):54.
[19]	范文波, 吴普特, 马枫梅 . 膜下滴灌技术生态-经济与可持续性分析—以新疆玛纳斯河流域棉花为例. 生态学报, 2012,32(23):7559-7567. doi: 10.5846/stxb201204070486
[20]	张鑫, 蔡焕杰, 邵光成 , 等. 膜下滴灌的生态环境效应研究. 灌溉排水, 2002,21(2):1-4.
[21]	Zhang G Q, Liu C W, Xiao C H , et al. Optimizing water use efficiency and economic return of super high yield spring maize under drip irrigation and plastic mulching in arid areas of China. Field Crops Research, 2017,211:137-146.

相关文章 15

[1]	闫威,李国龙,李智,曹阳,张少英. 施氮量和密度互作对全覆膜旱作甜菜光合特性和块根产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 100–106
[2]	齐德强,赵晶晶,冯乃杰,郑殿峰,梁晓艳. 烯效唑（S₃₃₀₇）和胺鲜酯（DTA-6）对马铃薯叶与块茎糖代谢及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 148–153
[3]	阿不都卡地尔·库尔班,夏东,张巨松,崔建平,郭仁松,林涛. 滴灌频次对化学脱叶棉花产量和品质影响机制的研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 113–119
[4]	黄万,李晨曦,谭雪明,曾勇军,吴自明,刘桃菊,石庆华,潘晓华,曾研华. 不同直播方式对晚稻生长发育特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 159–163
[5]	王健,姚丹丹,郝茹雪,于青松,韩金玲,周印富,王文颇. 河北省冀东地区9个主栽春玉米品种的灌浆特性[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 120–124
[6]	周芸,李永梅,范茂攀,王自林,徐智,张丹,赵吉霞. 有机肥等氮替代化肥对红壤团聚体及玉米产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 125–132
[7]	梁俊梅,张君,安昊,景宇鹏,李焕春,段玉. 养分专家系统推荐施肥对马铃薯产量及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 133–138
[8]	谷娇娇,胡博文,贾琰,沙汉景,李经纬,马超,赵宏伟. 盐胁迫对水稻根系相关性状及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 176–182
[9]	高杰,李青风,李晓荣,封广才,彭秋. 贵州省不同年代糯高粱品种（系）农艺性状演变分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 17–23
[10]	张海斌,蒙美莲,刘坤雨,章凌翔,陈有君. 不同轮作模式对马铃薯干物质积累、病害发生及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 170–175
[11]	公丹,潘晓威,王素华,王丽侠,程须珍. 国家食用豆产业技术体系绿豆新品种（系）联合鉴定[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 30–36
[12]	张素瑜,黄洁,杨明达,马守臣,王和洲,李向东,杨程,张德奇,方保停. 氮肥基追比和调亏灌溉对小麦水分利用效率和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (4): 94–99
[13]	张萌,芶久兰,魏全全,陈龙,何佳芳. 不同生物有机肥对贵州高海拔春马铃薯生长及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (3): 132–136
[14]	权宝全,吕瑞洲,王贵江,任杰成. 薯块膨大中期不同栽培措施对甘薯生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (3): 158–161
[15]	王永刚,姬铭泽,赵旭涵,于立河,薛盈文. 播期对白燕7号在黑龙江省中西部地区产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (3): 106–111

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

年份Year	灌溉量(mm) Irrigation amount	处理 Treatment	实际穗数(×10⁴hm²) Actual ears	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重(g) 1000-kernel weight	子粒产量(kg/hm²) Grain yield
2017	W1	T1	8.79a	664.6a	467.3a	20 357.6a
		T2	8.78a	656.7a	432.9b	19 019.0b
		T3	8.79a	613.7b	406.1c	17 371.4c
		CK	8.81a	578.4c	378.3d	14 876.4d
	变异来源	灌溉方式Irrigation method	ns	**	**	**
	Sources of variation	覆膜方式Film-mulched method	ns	**	**	**
		灌溉×覆膜Irrigation×Film-mulched	ns	**	**	**
2018	W1	T1	11.63a	576.0a	487.0a	22 407.9a
		T2	11.52a	530.7b	461.8b	20 822.5b
		T3	11.33a	482.0c	446.8c	18 896.4c
		CK	11.21a	442.7d	422.0d	17 013.7d
	变异来源	灌溉方式Irrigation method	ns	*	**	**
	Sources of variation	覆膜方式Film-mulched method	ns	**	**	**
		灌溉×覆膜Irrigation×Film-mulched	ns	*	**	**
	W2	T1	11.52a	573.0a	483.4a	22 089.3a
		T2	11.46a	540.5b	466.0ab	20 905.3b
		T3	11.40a	510.0c	454.9b	19 619.3c
		CK	11.33a	479.0d	439.7c	18 299.8d
	变异来源	灌溉方式Irrigation method	ns	*	*	**
	Sources of variation	覆膜方式Film-mulched method	ns	**	**	**
		灌溉×覆膜Irrigation×Film-mulched	ns	*	*	**

项目Item		滴灌Drip irrigation		沟灌Furrow irrigation
项目Item		覆膜 Film-mulched	露地 Open field	覆膜 Film-mulched	露地 Open field
机械作业	犁地Plough	375.0	375.0	375.0	375.0
Mechanical operation	整地Soil preparation	375.0	375.0	375.0	375.0
	播种Sowing	450.0	450.0	450.0	450.0
	芽前喷药(化学除草) Spray before budding (chemical weeding)	-	75.0	-	75.0
	苗期喷药(化学除草) Spraying in seedling stage (chemical weeding)	75.0	75.0	75.0	75.0
	喷药化控Spraying control	75.0	75.0	75.0	75.0
	中耕(2次) Intertill (twice)	225.0	225.0	225.0	225.0
		225.0	225.0	225.0	225.0
	收割Reap	1 050.0	1 050.0	1 050.0	1 050.0
	拉运Roping	577.5	577.5	577.5	577.5
	粉碎秸杆Crush straw	225.0	225.0	225.0	225.0
	机械清理地膜Mechanical cleaning film	450.0	-	450.0	-
种子Seed	种子Seed	1 950.0	1 950.0	1 950.0	1 950.0
肥料Fertilizer	磷酸二铵DAP	990.0	990.0	990.0	990.0
	尿素Urea	780.0	780.0	780.0	780.0
	钾肥Potassic fertilizer	675.0	675.0	675.0	675.0
灌溉Irrigation	机井折旧Lifting of depreciation	450.0	450.0	450.0	450.0
	600mm水电费600mm water and electricity	1 350.0	1 350.0	1 350.0	1 350.0
	900mm水电费900mm water and electricity	2 025.0	2 025.0	2 025.0	2 025.0
	滴灌设备Drip irrigation equipment	825.0	825.0	-	-
	开沟Ditching	-	-	150.0	150.0
农药Pesticide	农药Pesticide	150.0	150.0	150.0	150.0
地膜Mulching	地膜Mulching	612.0	-	612.0	-
保险Insurance	保险Insurance	534.0	534.0	534.0	534.0
雇工Hier hand	辅助播种Auxiliary sowing	75.0	75.0	75.0	75.0
	辅助施肥Auxiliary fertilizer	105.0	105.0	105.0	105.0
	辅助收获Auxiliary reap	67.5	67.5	67.5	67.5

年份 Year	灌溉量(mm) Irrigation amount	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	产值 Value of output	生产成本 Produce cost	经济效益 Economic benefit	产投比 Ratio of outputs and inputs
2017	W1	T1	3.26	1.27	1.99a	1.57
		T2	3.04	1.17	1.88b	1.61
		T3	2.78	1.20	1.58c	1.32
		CK	2.38	1.10	1.28d	1.16
	变异来源	灌溉Irrigation	**	-	**	-
	Sources of variation	覆膜Film-mulched	**	-	**	-
		灌溉×覆膜 Irrigation×Film-mulched	*	-	*	-
2018	W1	T1	3.59	1.27	2.32a	1.83
		T2	3.33	1.17	2.16b	1.85
		T3	3.02	1.20	1.82c	1.52
		CK	2.72	1.10	1.62d	1.47
	变异来源	灌溉Irrigation	**	-	**	-
	Sources of variation	覆膜Film-mulched	**	-	**	-
		灌溉×覆膜 Irrigation×Film-mulched	*	-	*	-
	W2	T1	3.53	1.33	2.20a	1.65
		T2	3.35	1.24	2.11a	1.71
		T3	3.14	1.27	1.87b	1.48
		CK	2.93	1.17	1.76c	1.51
	变异来源	灌溉Irrigation	**	-	**	-
	Sources of variation	覆膜Film-mulched	**	-	**	-
		灌溉×覆膜 Irrigation×Film-mulched	ns	-	ns	-

北疆春玉米覆膜、滴灌技术效应研究

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Drip Irrigation on Spring Maize in Northern Xinjiang

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 4

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 10