河北省冀东地区9个主栽春玉米品种的灌浆特性

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确冀东地区主推春玉米品种子粒发育调控机理,以及为区域品种选择提供理论依据,选用冀东地区9个主栽春玉米品种,对其灌浆特性进行了研究。结果表明,产量以金科玉3306最高,粒收1号最低;金科玉3306的穗行数、行粒数、千粒重分别较其他品种平均高出3.11%、7.69%和6.41%。在产量构成因素和相关性状中,对产量影响最大的因素是行粒数,其次是穗行数和千粒重,增加穗长并兼顾其他性状是提高玉米产量的有效途径。不同品种子粒灌浆参数之间存在较大差异,早粒1号的活跃灌浆期短,但最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均最高;纯玉958的活跃灌浆期最长,但最大灌浆速率最低。产量与最大灌浆速率（R_max）和平均灌浆速率（R）呈正相关,与灌浆持续期（T）、活跃灌浆期（P）呈负相关。说明在保证子粒安全成熟的前提下,选用灌浆持续期短,灌浆速率高的品种,对产量形成有积极作用。综上所述,在冀东地区春玉米品种的选择上推荐金科玉3306、东单913和早粒1号3个品种。

关键词: 春玉米, 品种, 子粒灌浆, 产量, 冀东地区

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to illustrate grain-filling characteristics and to provide references for variety selection of corn hybrids in Eastern Hebei Province. Nine main spring corn varieties in eastern Hebei Province were selected and planted according to the recommended density, and their filling characteristics were studied. The results showed that the yield was the highest in Jinkeyu 3306 and the lowest in Lishou No.1. The spike row number, grain number and 1000-grain weight of Jinkeyu 3306 were 3.11%, 7.69% and 6.41%, respectively. Among the yield components and traits, the most important factor affecting the yield was the grain number per row, followed by the number of rows and 1000-grain weight. Both increasing the length of the spike and taking into account other traits was an effective way to increase yield. There were large differences in grain filling parameters among different varieties. The active filling period of Zaoli No.1 was short, but the maximum filling rate and the average filling rate were the highest. The active filling period of Chunyu 958 was the longest, but the maximum filling rate was the lowest. The yield was positively correlated with the maximum grain filling rate (R_max) and the average grain filling rate (R), It was negatively correlated with grouting duration (T) and active grouting period (P). Under the premise of ensuring the safe and mature grain, the selection of the varieties with moderate filling duration and high filling rate had a positive impact on the yield formation. In general, Jinkeyu 3306, Dongdan 913 and Zaoli No.1 are recommended spring corn varieties in eastern Hebei Province.

Key words: Spring corn, Variety, Grain filling, Yield, Eastern Hebei Province

王健,姚丹丹,郝茹雪,于青松,韩金玲,周印富,王文颇. 河北省冀东地区9个主栽春玉米品种的灌浆特性[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (4): 120–124

Wang Jian,Yao Dandan,Hao Ruxue,Yu Qingsong,Han Jinling,Zhou Yinfu,Wang Wenpo. Grain Filling Characteristics of Nine Main Spring Corn Varieties in Eastern Hebei Province[J]. Crops, 2019(4): 120–124

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参考文献 14

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品种Variety	穗行数 Spike row number	行粒数 Grain number per row	千粒重(g) 1000-grain weight	穗长(cm) Spike length	穗粗(cm) Ear diameter	秃尖长(cm) Baldness length	轴粗(cm) Axial diameter	产量(kg/hm²) Yield
MC670	17.00±1.50bc	30.13±7.05ef	273.86±7.41c	15.40±2.38bc	4.51±0.22c	0.63±0.72a	2.39±0.22c	8 796ab
东单913 Dongdan 913	18.50±1.59a	32.50±4.71bcd	286.82±14.81bc	15.99±1.48ab	4.35±0.18e	0.10±0.23c	2.45±0.13c	10 097ab
粒收1号Lishou No.1	17.43±1.73b	30.47±5.81de	287.32±11.23bc	14.07±2.31ef	4.52±0.24c	0.05±0.15c	4.63±17.12c	8 447b
张1453 Zhang 1453	17.63±1.93b	32.78±5.24abc	267.65±3.49c	14.31±2.24de	4.37±0.24de	0.50±0.60ab	2.44±0.18c	8 881ab
伟科702 Weike 702	15.80±1.43d	28.22±5.14fg	290.01±26.82bc	15.53±2.29bc	4.73±0.24b	0.09±0.24c	2.76±0.19b	8 541b
纯玉958 Chunyu 958	16.53±1.80c	34.63±5.69a	326.83±6.08a	16.53±2.12a	4.93±0.38a	0.09±0.28c	2.89±0.52a	9 083ab
郑原玉432 Zhengyuanyu 432	16.90±1.40bc	27.95±4.53g	269.87±10.77c	13.49±2.07f	4.37±0.22de	0.61±0.70a	2.27±0.12d	9 231ab
早粒1号Zaoli No.1	15.23±1.84e	30.77±5.88cde	289.32±20.91bc	14.88±1.74cd	4.48±0.31cd	0.42±0.61b	2.48±0.21c	9 306ab
金科玉3306 Jinkeyu 3306	17.30±1.50bc	33.15±4.44ab	303.76±10.87ab	16.51±0.97a	4.59±0.31c	0.39±0.45b	2.56±0.23c	10 262a

性状 Trait	穗行数 Spike row number	行粒数 Grain number per row	千粒重 1000-grain weight	穗长 Spike length	穗粗 Ear diameter	秃尖长 Baldness length	轴粗 Axial thickness	产量 Yield
穗行数Spike row number	1.00
行粒数Grain number per row	0.42	1.00
千粒重1000-grain weight	-0.20	0.60	-1.00
穗长Spike length	-0.04	0.62	-0.75^**	-1.00
穗粗Ear diameter	-0.48	0.28	-0.84^**	-0.59	-1.00
秃尖长Baldness length	0.12	-0.10	-0.65	-0.43	-0.53	1.00
轴粗Axial thickness	-0.43	0.42	-0.83^**	-0.71^*	-0.91^**	-0.54	1.00
产量Yield	0.40	0.45	-0.24	-0.49	-0.23	-0.01	-0.07	1.00

参数 Parameter	伟科702 Weike 702	张1453 Zhang 1453	粒收1号 Lishou No.1	东单913 Dongdan 913	MC670	纯玉958 Chunyu 958	早粒1号 Zaoli No.1	金科玉3306 Jinkeyu 3306	郑原玉432 Zhengyuanyu 432
K	31.630	27.006	29.525	27.223	33.663	34.999	31.323	31.843	28.479
a	38.482	39.366	9.155	12.310	24.641	10.741	53.844	32.269	32.806
b	0.129	0.157	0.111	0.135	0.112	0.102	0.182	0.142	0.160
R²	0.989	0.996	0.986	0.980	0.967	0.952	0.995	0.996	0.987
F	277.770	818.216	214.129	145.846	88.072	58.903	646.622	785.986	223.581
T_max (d)	28.318	23.365	19.931	18.623	28.662	23.253	21.914	24.500	21.762
R_max	1.019	1.061	0.820	0.918	0.941	0.893	1.424	1.129	1.142
T (d)	63.967	52.596	61.291	52.712	69.763	68.259	47.175	56.906	50.410
R [g/(百粒·d)][g/(100-grain·d)]	0.494	0.513	0.482	0.517	0.483	0.513	0.664	0.560	0.565
T₁ (d)	18.101	14.987	8.077	8.853	16.882	10.354	14.673	15.212	13.551
R₁ [g/(百粒·d)][g/(100-grain·d)]	0.369	0.381	0.773	0.650	0.421	0.714	0.451	0.442	0.444
T₂ (d)	20.434	16.756	23.708	19.540	23.560	25.798	14.480	18.575	16.421
R₂ [g/(百粒·d)][g/(100-grain·d)]	0.894	0.931	0.719	0.805	0.825	0.783	1.249	0.990	1.001
T₃ (d)	25.431	20.853	29.506	24.318	29.321	32.107	18.022	23.118	20.437
R₃ [g/(百粒·d)][g/(100-grain·d)]	0.250	0.261	0.201	0.225	0.231	0.219	0.231	0.277	0.281
P (d)	46.548	38.168	54.005	44.510	53.667	58.766	32.985	42.313	37.406
χ²	2.258	0.592	1.630	1.828	4.369	5.361	0.399	0.907	1.090
χ²_0.05	15.507

性状Trait	T_max	R_max	T	P	R	T₁	T₂	T₃	R₁	R₂	R₃	W₁	W₂	W₃
产量Yield	-0.35	0.28	-0.44	-0.35	0.41	-0.15	-0.35	-0.35	-0.01	0.28	0.28	-0.15	-0.15	-0.15
穗行数Spike row number	-0.50	-0.51	-0.09	0.15	-0.40	-0.56	0.15	0.15	0.38	-0.51	-0.51	-0.51	-0.51	-0.51
行粒数Grain number per row	-0.27	-0.19	0.10	0.25	-0.02	-0.39	0.25	0.25	0.40	-0.19	-0.19	0.17	0.17	0.17
千粒重1000-grain weight	-0.03	-0.17	0.39	0.49	0.04	-0.30	0.49	0.49	0.50	-0.17	-0.17	0.65	0.65	0.65
穗长Spike length	0.25	-0.17	0.43	0.39	-0.10	0.03	0.39	0.39	0.14	-0.17	-0.17	0.57	0.57	0.57
穗粗Ear diameter	0.41	-0.25	0.69^*	0.63	-0.21	0.05	0.63	0.63	0.25	-0.25	-0.25	0.82^**	0.82^**	0.82^**
秃尖长Baldness length	0.30	0.50	-0.27	-0.48	0.33	0.55	-0.48	-0.48	-0.68	0.50	0.50	-0.07	-0.07	-0.07
轴粗Axial diameter	0.32	-0.18	0.51	0.45	-0.15	0.07	0.45	0.45	0.16	-0.18	-0.18	0.62	0.62	0.62