施氮量对不同品种小麦物质积累、转运及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在大田条件下,以豫麦49-198、郑麦0943、百农418、许科316为试验材料,设置施纯氮120kg/hm ²（N1）、210kg/hm ²（N2）、300kg/hm ²（N3）3个施氮水平,比较分析不同施氮量对不同品种小麦干物质、氮素积累与转运以及产量的影响。结果表明：同一品种不同施氮量处理、同一施氮量不同品种间小麦干物质积累量、干物质转运规律和氮素积累量、氮素转运规律以及子粒产量存在显著差异。适当增施氮肥可以有效增加小麦植株群体干物质积累量,成熟期,豫麦49-198和郑麦0943在N2处理干物质积累量最高,百农418和许科316在N3处理干物质积累量最高。不同品种小麦营养器官花前贮藏干物质和氮素的转运量、转运率以及物质转运对子粒的贡献率均在N2处理达到最高。豫麦49-198和郑麦0943在N2处理获得最高产量,分别达8 036.67和6 873.33kg/hm ²,百农418和许科316在N3处理获得最高产量,分别为7 636.67和7 713.33kg/hm ²。因此,在小麦生产过程中,应根据不同品种合理施氮,实现高产。

关键词: 氮肥, 品种, 小麦, 干物质, 积累, 转运, 产量

Abstract:

Using Yumai 49-198, Zhengmai 0943, Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 as materials, three nitrogen levels [120kg/hm ²(N1), 210kg/hm ² (N2), 300kg/hm ² (N3)] were set to study the accumulation and transport of dry matter and nitrogen and yield of different wheat varieties under different nitrogen application rate conditions. The results showed that there were significant differences in the accumulation and transport of dry matter, nitrogen and grain yield of the same wheat variety under different nitrogen application rates and the different wheat varieties under the same nitrogen application rate. Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively increase the dry matter accumulation of wheat population. Yumai 49-198 and Zhengmai 0943 had the highest dry matter accumulation under N2 treatment at Maturity stage, Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 had the highest dry matter accumulation under N3 treatment. The translocation, translocation rate and contribution rate of dry matter and nitrogen translocation to grain at pre-anthesis storage of different wheat cultivars were the highest under N2 treatment. Yumai 49-198 and Zhengmai 0943 obtained the highest yield under N2 treatment, reached 8 036.67 and 6 873.33kg/hm ², respectively. The highest yields of Bainong 418 and Xuke 316 under N3 treatment were 7 636.67 and 7 713.33kg/hm ², respectively. Therefore, to achieve a high yield, it is necessary to apply nitrogen reasonably according to the wheat variety.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Variety, Wheat, Dry matter, Accumulation, Translocation, Yield

姜丽娜,张雅雯,朱娅林,赵凌霄. 施氮量对不同品种小麦物质积累、转运及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (5): 151–158

Jiang Lina,Zhang Yawen,Zhu Yalin,Zhao Lingxiao. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation, Transport and Yield in Different Wheat Varieties[J]. Crops, 2019(5): 151–158

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处理Treatment	有机质Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮Total N (g/kg)	速效氮Available N (mg/kg)	速效磷Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾Available K (mg/kg)
N1	37.42a	1.02c	49.58a	4.58a	75.46a
N2	38.73a	1.18b	58.33a	4.64a	74.22a
N3	41.83a	1.27a	64.17a	3.99a	70.67b

品种 Variety		处理 Treatment	干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation (kg/hm²)				干物质转运Dry matter translocation
品种 Variety		处理 Treatment	越冬期 Over-wintering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	转运量(kg/hm²) Translocation amount	转运率(%) Translocation rate	贡献率(%) Contribution rate
豫麦49-198		N1	1 008.90de	2 230.4e	10 231.98e	14 684.36f	1 104.29de	10.79fg	19.87fg
Yumai 49-198		N2	1 642.20c	3 246.4c	15 352.24a	20 985.57a	2 403.33abc	15.65c	29.90d
		N3	2 066.40a	4 487.7b	13 443.58b	18 672.64b	1 940.94bcd	14.44d	27.07de
郑麦0943		N1	667.12g	1 293.1g	8 078.71f	12 130.69h	838.01e	10.37g	17.14g
Zhengmai 0943		N2	943.34e	3 390.4c	13 168.80bc	17 234.45d	2 807.68a	21.32a	40.85b
		N3	1 816.54b	4 279.7b	11 917.19d	15 807.83e	2 306.03abc	19.35b	37.21c
百农418		N1	747.96f	1 232.0g	9 817.36e	12 221.49h	1 812.53bcd	18.46b	42.98ab
Bainong 418		N2	965.12e	2 530.1d	12 443.20cd	15 559.61e	2 606.92ab	20.95a	45.55a
		N3	2 013.01a	4 903.9a	12 552.44cd	18 633.40b	1 555.71cde	12.39e	20.37f
许科316		N1	805.27f	1 733.5f	9 973.60e	13 596.69g	1 226.91de	12.30e	25.30e
Xuke 316		N2	1 069.74d	2 657.3d	13 876.53b	17 658.61cd	2 924.59a	21.08a	43.61ab
		N3	1 771.13b	3 080.7c	11 838.48d	18 001.41c	1 550.40cde	13.10ef	20.10fg
F值F-value	氮肥Nitrogen		1 843.37^**	605.37^**	256.02^**	699.87^**	29.15^**	370.27^**	294.21^**
	品种Variety		156.63^**	32.28^**	28.25^**	224.44^**	0.28	65.50^**	68.88^**
	氮肥×品种Nitrogen×Variety		29.55^**	30.17^**	7.09^**	56.14^**	2.31	90.04^**	111.62^**

品种Variety		处理Treatment	越冬期Over-wintering stage	拔节期Jointing stage	开花期Anthesis stage	成熟期Maturity stage
豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198		N1	28.96g	41.73f	137.51d	207.26e
		N2	53.76d	74.48d	260.96a	314.79b
		N3	75.95a	115.48b	264.91a	335.35a
郑麦0943 Zhengmai 0943		N1	18.93i	21.05g	108.14e	161.63g
		N2	32.53f	60.12e	226.15bc	247.09d
		N3	59.05c	105.65c	228.01bc	286.64c
百农418 Bainong 418		N1	18.70i	20.63g	132.47d	153.86g
		N2	30.27fg	46.73f	217.41c	241.23d
		N3	66.18b	142.85a	239.90b	286.20c
许科316 Xuke 316		N1	22.46h	27.86g	142.89d	178.82f
		N2	38.91e	43.17f	238.02b	254.20d
		N3	67.95b	105.45c	241.22b	289.52c
F值F-value	氮肥Nitrogen		2 634.13^**	1 556.93^**	722.48^**	4 626.96^**
	品种Variety		199.48^**	35.52^**	28.51^**	636.30^**
	氮肥×品种Nitrogen×Variety		16.57^**	35.92^**	4.51^**	20.46^**

品种 Variety		处理 Treatment	开花期Anthesis stage			成熟期Maturity stage
品种 Variety		处理 Treatment	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶 Leaf	穗 Spike	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶 Leaf	颖壳+穗轴 Glume and spikelet	子粒 Grain
豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198		N1	39.80e	65.08g	32.63g	23.40g	17.72f	11.23d	154.90f
		N2	84.78a	120.55a	55.63ab	40.21d	22.00de	21.72a	230.86a
		N3	84.17a	122.92a	57.81a	49.80a	28.44a	17.52b	239.60a
郑麦0943 Zhengmai 0943		N1	30.49g	49.57h	28.08h	16.97h	10.79h	8.84f	125.03h
		N2	79.25b	96.81e	50.10d	27.92f	24.06bc	12.92c	182.19de
		N3	85.91a	87.64f	54.46bc	44.25bc	25.52b	13.72c	203.15c
百农418 Bainong 418		N1	32.96fg	66.52g	33.00g	15.42h	13.13g	9.74ef	115.58i
		N2	71.39d	100.15de	45.87e	29.94f	20.38e	13.46c	177.45e
		N3	86.28a	104.45cd	49.18d	47.04ab	22.90cd	16.69b	199.57b
许科316 Xuke 316		N1	37.11ef	64.78g	41.01f	17.95h	13.11g	10.21de	137.55g
		N2	72.90cd	113.06b	52.05cd	33.52e	17.22f	16.69b	186.77d
		N3	76.21bc	110.73bc	54.29bc	43.30c	21.95de	13.06c	211.21b
F值F-value	氮肥Nitrogen		1 195.42^**	595.20^**	438.17^**	723.30^**	356.63^**	305.71^**	2 472.59^**
	品种Variety		13.84^**	71.76^**	28.50^**	37.44^**	43.37^**	92.90^**	323.95^**
	氮肥×品种Nitrogen×Variety		9.98^**	7.42^**	12.43^**	4.81^**	14.25^**	29.40^**	37.57^**

品种 Variety		处理 Treatment	营养器官氮素积累量(kg/hm²) Nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs		氮素转运 Nitrogen translocation
品种 Variety		处理 Treatment	开花期 Anthesis stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	转运量(kg/hm²) Translocation amount	转运率(%) Translocation rate	贡献率(%) Contribution rate
豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198		N1	137.51d	52.36e	85.15ef	61.92c	54.97e
		N2	260.96a	83.93bc	177.04a	67.84abc	76.69cd
		N3	264.91a	95.76a	169.15ab	63.85abc	70.60d
郑麦0943 Zhengmai 0943		N1	108.14e	36.60f	71.54f	66.15abc	57.22e
		N2	226.15bc	64.90d	161.26ab	71.30ab	88.51ab
		N3	228.01bc	83.49bc	144.52c	63.38bc	71.14d
百农418 Bainong 418		N1	132.47d	38.28f	94.19de	71.10ab	81.50bc
		N2	217.41c	63.78d	153.63bc	70.66ab	86.58ab
		N3	239.90b	86.63b	153.27bc	63.89abc	76.80cd
许科316 Xuke 316		N1	142.89d	41.27f	101.63d	71.12ab	73.88cd
		N2	238.02b	67.43d	170.59a	71.67a	91.33a
		N3	241.22b	78.31c	162.92ab	67.54abc	77.13cd
F值F-value	氮肥Nitrogen		722.48^**	497.46^**	263.19^**	5.56^**	48.92^**
	品种Variety		28.51^**	42.98^**	8.99^**	3.90^*	18.94^**
	氮肥×品种 Nitrogen×Variety		4.51^**	2.74^*	2.60^*	0.80	5.23^**