不同覆膜种类和还苗期灌溉方式对襄阳山区烟草生长发育的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以云烟87为研究对象,于2018-2019年连续2年研究了烟草还苗期常规灌溉、轻度补灌和重度补灌3种灌溉方式与白膜、转光膜、配色膜和黑膜4种覆膜颜色互作对前期垄体膜下土温、土壤含水率,揭膜时烟株农艺性状、干物质积累量和烤后烟产质量的影响。结果表明：在不同补灌条件下,补灌方式对垄体膜下土温影响较小;在相同补灌条件下,白膜和转光膜升温效果优于配色膜和黑膜;垄体膜下0~15cm土壤含水率表现为黑膜>配色膜>转光膜>白膜,15~30cm土层土壤含水率表现为白膜>转光膜>配色膜>黑膜。在相同覆膜处理下,移栽后1~7d土壤含水率随补灌量的增加呈上升趋势,0~15cm土层上升较显著。互作处理M-Z（轻度补灌+转光膜）揭膜时烟株、根茎叶干物质积累量最高,烤后烟的产质量表现最好。在襄阳山区采用轻度补灌+转光膜方式可促进烟株大田生育期前期生长发育,提升烟叶产量和质量。

关键词: 山区, 烤烟, 补灌, 覆膜颜色, 互作

Abstract:

In this study, Yunyan 87 was taken as study material. In 2018 and 2019, the interaction of three irrigation methods (conventional irrigation, mild supplementary irrigation and heavy supplementary irrigation) and four kinds of films (white film, light-transfer film, color matching film and black film) was studied on soil temperature and soil moisture content under ridging films at seedling stage, the agronomic characters and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants when uncovering films, as well as the yield and quality of tobacco after roasting. The results showed that: the effect of supplementary irrigation methods on soil temperature under ridging films was small. The heating effect of white film and light-transfer film was better than that of color matching film and black film under the same supplementary irrigation condition, and the moisture content of 0-15cm soil under the color-coated ridging films was black film > color matching film > light-transfer film > white film, and the moisture content of 15-30cm soil was white film > light-transfer film > color matching film > black film. Under the same mulching treatment, the soil moisture content in the 1-7d after transplanting showed an increasing trend with the increasing of the supplemental irrigation amount, especially in the 0-15cm soil layer. The matter accumulation of roots, leaves and branches, as well as the yield and quality of flue cured tobacco were the best when the agronomic characters of tobacco plants were treated with M-Z (light supplementary irrigation + light film). Based on the comprehensive analysis, the technique of light supplementary irrigation + light film could promote the growth and development of tobacco plants in the early stage and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.

Key words: Mountain area, Flue-cured tobacco, Supplementary irrigation, Film color, Interaction

郭笑恒, 魏烁果, 王晓丽, 徐锐, 韩丹, 许自成. 不同覆膜种类和还苗期灌溉方式对襄阳山区烟草生长发育的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2020 (5): 154–163

Guo Xiaoheng, Wei Shuoguo, Wang Xiaoli, Xu Rui, Han Dan, Xu Zicheng. Effects of Different Types of Mulch Film and Irrigation Methods at Seedling Stage on Growth and Development of Tobacco in Xiangyang Mountain Area[J]. Crops, 2020(5): 154–163

图/表 10

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

图5

表3

表4

表5

“补灌+覆膜颜色”互作对烤后烟烟叶化学成分含量的影响

年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	总糖Total suger (%)					还原糖Reducig sugar (%)					烟碱Nicotine (%)				钾Kalium (%)
年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	C	M		H		C	M	H			C		M	H	C		M		H
2018	B	24.87b	27.47b		25.20b		22.06b	25.49b	23.21b			2.18b		2.31b	2.27b	2.07b		2.22b		2.14b
	Z	26.78a	29.99a		28.48a		23.78a	27.80a	25.80a			2.27a		2.44a	2.41a	2.16a		2.76a		2.28a
	H	22.67d	21.82c		23.12d		20.13c	19.95c	21.09d			2.12d		1.86c	2.17d	1.86d		1.86d		1.97c
	P	23.68c	27.39b		24.53c		20.99c	25.45b	22.50c			2.16c		2.31b	2.22c	1.93c		2.17c		1.99c
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**					**					**				**
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**					**					**				**
SI×FC		**					**					**				**
2019	B	24.67b	27.48bc		25.01b		21.89b	25.55b	22.89b			2.01b		2.24ab	2.08b	1.98b		2.12b		2.08b
	Z	26.56a	29.35a		27.78a		23.67a	27.35a	25.49a			2.15a		2.31a	2.25a	2.15a		2.61a		2.25a
	H	21.45d	20.71d		21.90c		19.16c	19.07c	19.80c			1.85d		1.81c	1.88c	1.85c		1.78c		1.97c
	P	23.89c	27.16c		24.99b		21.34b	25.27b	22.70b			1.97c		2.26ab	2.08b	1.90bc		2.10b		2.00bc
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**					**					**				**
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**					**					**				**
SI×FC		**					**					**				**
年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	氯 Chlorine (%)				钾氯比 Kalium-chlorine ratio				糖碱比 Sugar-nicotine ratio					两糖比 The ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar (%)
年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	C	M	H		C	M	H		C	M		H		C		M		H
2018	B	0.21b	0.28b	0.22b		9.86a	8.13c	9.77ab		10.12b	11.07b		10.27b		0.89a		0.93a		0.93a
	Z	0.26a	0.32a	0.30a		8.31d	8.63a	7.80c		10.48a	11.41a		10.72a		0.89a		0.93a		0.91c
	H	0.20b	0.25c	0.21b		9.30c	7.65d	9.84a		9.50d	10.76c		9.72c		0.89a		0.92b		0.92b
	P	0.20b	0.27bc	0.22b		9.65b	8.23b	9.33b		9.72c	11.04b		10.16bc		0.89a		0.93a		0.92b
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**				**				**					**
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**				**				**					**
SI×FC		ns				**				**					**
2019	B	0.21b	0.24b	0.24b		9.43ab	8.94a	8.82ab		10.90ab	11.43b		11.01b		0.89a		0.93a		0.92a
	Z	0.25a	0.30a	0.27a		8.60c	8.99a	8.55b		11.01a	11.84a		11.35a		0.90a		0.94a		0.92a
	H	0.20b	0.23b	0.22b		9.25b	7.84b	9.05a		10.36c	10.56d		10.55c		0.90a		0.93a		0.91a
	P	0.20b	0.24b	0.23b		9.50a	8.93a	8.81ab		10.84b	11.23c		10.97b		0.90a		0.94a		0.91a
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		*				**				**					**
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**				**				**					ns
SI×FC		*				**				**					ns

表5

参考文献 34

[1]	刘国顺. 烟草栽培学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2003.
[2]	蒋文昊. 不同灌水量对起垄覆膜烤烟生长发育及其产量影响的研究. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2011.
[3]	邸慧慧, 史宏志, 王太运, 等. 微喷条件下灌水量对烤烟生长发育和水分利用效率的影响. 水利水电科技进展, 2009,29(6):17-20,24.
[4]	王毅, 夏磊, 王大海, 等. 不同地膜覆盖对烤烟膜下温度、根系生长及烟叶质量的影响研究. 陕西农业科学, 2018,63(9):18-21.
[5]	陈岗, 董继翠, 王跃金, 等. 打孔地膜覆盖对楚雄烟草生长发育和品质的影响. 烟草科技, 2018,50(9):37-41.
[6]	Li F M, Wang J, Xu J Z, et al. Productivity and soil response to plastic film mulching durations for spring wheat on entisols in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. Soil & Tillage Research, 2004,78:9-20.
[7]	董建, 丁灿. 不同颜色地膜膜下小苗移栽对烤烟产量及产值的影响. 现代农业科技, 2015(7):21-22.
[8]	Shahzad A, Xu Y Y, Jia Q M, et al. Interactive effects of plastic film mulching with supplemental irrigation on winter wheat photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence and yield under simulated precipitation conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 2018,207:1-14 doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.013
[9]	王星垚. 不同类型地膜覆盖和水分处理对冬小麦生长及产量的影响研究. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2019.
[10]	Liu Y, Li S Q, Chen F, et al. Soil water dynamics and water use efficiency in spring maize (Zea mays L.) fields subjected to different water management practices on the Loess Plateau,China. Agricultural Water Management, 2010,97(5):769-775. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.01.010
[11]	Liu Y, Shen Y F, Yang S J, et al. Effect of mulch and irrigation practices on soil water,soil temperature and the grain yield of maize (Zea mays L) in Loess Plateau,China. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011,6(10):2175-2182.
[12]	姜俊红, 汪军, 劳同浩, 等. 调亏灌溉对粤北烤烟农艺性状及耗水规律的影响. 节水灌溉, 2016(1):10-15.
[13]	张颂培, 李建宇, 陈娟, 等. 我国农用转光膜的研究进展. 中国塑料, 2003(11):29-33.
[14]	国家技术监督局. GB 2635-1992 烤烟. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1992: 3-7.
[15]	陈勇, 陶德欣, 鲁黎明. DNS法测定烟草还原糖条件的优化. 江苏农业科学, 2011,39(5):393-395.
[16]	李维莉, 马银海, 段姚俊, 等. 紫外分光光度法测定烟草中的游离烟碱. 安徽农业科学, 2012,40(6):3600-3601.
[17]	陈伟华, 鲍峰伟, 张晓静, 等. 微波消解-连续流动火焰光度法测定烤烟中的钾含量. 分析测试技术与仪器, 2010,16(2):120-122.
[18]	孔浩辉, 郭璇华, 沈光林, 等. 烟草中氯含量连续流动分析法的改进. 烟草科技, 2008(2):28-32,4.
[19]	Liu C A, Jin S L, Zhou L M, et al. Effects of plastic film mulch and tillage on maize productivity and soil parameters. European Journal of Agronomy, 2009,31(4):241-249. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2009.08.004
[20]	路海东, 薛吉全, 郝引川, 等. 黑色覆膜对旱地玉米土壤环境和植株生长的影响. 生态学报, 2016,36(7):1997-2004. doi: 10.5846/stxb201409301936
[21]	孙在军, 易建华, 刘建福, 等. 双转光地膜对烟草生长与生理特性及地温的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2008(1):155-159.
[22]	张国平, 程万莉, 吕军峰, 等. 不同膜色对旱地土壤水热效应及马铃薯产量的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2016,35(7):66-71.
[23]	雷俊, 赵福年, 张红兵, 等. 半干旱区不同颜色覆膜对春小麦生长和产量的影响. 干旱气象, 2019,36(4):561-567.
[24]	Yang J, Mao X M, Wang K, et al. The coupled impact of plastic film mulching and deficit irrigation on soil water/heat transfer and water use efficiency of spring wheat in Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 2019,201:232-245. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.12.030
[25]	武荣, 闫小红, 李援农. 覆膜与补灌对冬小麦叶绿素和比叶面积的影响. 节水灌溉, 2019(9):27-30,36.
[26]	王龙昌, 贾志宽. 宁南山区冬小麦覆膜补灌试验研究. 西北农业学报, 1999(4):83-86. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.1999.4.022
[27]	高亮, 张维宏, 杜雄, 等. 覆膜和补灌对杂交谷子产量形成与水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2018,43(1):122-132.
[28]	孟霖, 徐宜民, 宋文静, 等. 红蓝单色光对水培烟草幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响. 中国烟草学报, 2015,21(5):55-61. doi: 10.16472/j.chinatobacco.2015.001
[29]	时向东, 王林枝, 满晓丽, 等. 不同光质对烤烟漂浮育苗中烟苗生长发育及光合特性的影响. 中国烟草学报, 2013,19(1):43-46.
[30]	韩富根, 彭丽丽, 马永建, 等. 不同采收成熟度对烤烟香气质量的影响. 土壤, 2010,42(1):65-70.
[31]	任志广, 陈征, 黄海棠, 等. 生态条件、栽培调制措施、烤烟工艺对烤烟上部叶可用性的影响. 中国农学通报, 2018,33(6):73-78.
[32]	王行, 张敏坚, 何振峰. 采收成熟度对烟叶烤后质量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2018,33(4):161-164.
[33]	叶为民, 罗岩峰, 潘义宏, 等. 不同采收成熟度对景东烤烟品质的影响. 南方农业学报, 2013,44(5):735-739.
[34]	徐盈, 许安定, 吴树成, 等. 不同覆膜及移栽方式对烤烟前期养分吸收与经济性状的影响. 河南农业科学, 2014,43(3):33-36.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

处理Treatment	白膜White film	转光膜Light transfer film	黑膜Black film	配色膜Color matching film
常规灌溉Conventional irrigation	C-B	C-Z	C-H	C-P
轻度补灌Mild supplement irrigation	M-B	M-Z	M-H	M-P
重度补灌Heavy supplement irrigation	H-B	H-Z	H-H	H-P

年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	有效叶片数 Effective blade number			株高 Plant height (cm)			茎围 Stem circumference (cm)			叶长 Leaf length (cm)			节间距 Pitch interval (cm)
年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H
2018	B	10.50a	13.67a	11.00a	42.51ab	63.25a	44.10ab	6.24ab	6.89ab	6.50ab	52.30ab	60.84ab	53.94a	5.10abc	6.25b	5.59ab
	Z	10.84a	14.00a	11.17a	47.58a	63.67a	49.22a	6.32a	7.00a	6.64a	53.00a	62.17a	54.35a	5.39a	6.69a	5.79a
	H	9.84ab	13.67a	10.17a	35.56c	57.42b	38.04c	6.02b	6.67bc	6.37bc	50.40c	58.84c	50.77b	4.79c	6.09bc	5.39c
	P	10.17a	13.67a	10.67a	39.27bc	62.59ab	41.29bc	6.16ab	6.72ab	6.47ab	51.53bc	59.50bc	53.54a	4.98bc	6.25b	5.47bc
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**			**			**			**			**
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		*			**			**			*			**
SI×FC		ns			ns			ns			ns			ns
2019	B	10.67abc	13.34ab	11.00ab	41.85ab	57.50a	45.45a	6.27ab	6.85a	6.69ab	51.39b	58.59ab	53.97b	4.97ab	5.97ab	5.85a
	Z	11.17a	13.67a	11.17a	44.08a	60.92a	45.42a	6.46a	7.05a	6.87a	52.91a	59.42a	55.32a	5.25a	6.37a	5.99a
	H	10.00c	12.50b	10.00c	39.94b	51.50b	41.05b	6.19b	6.84a	6.47b	49.88c	57.37b	51.59c	4.69b	5.84b	5.44b
	P	10.17bc	13.00ab	10.67abc	43.42a	57.00a	45.25a	6.31ab	6.84a	6.57ab	50.32bc	57.92ab	52.54bc	4.86ab	5.84b	5.84a
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**			**			**			**			**
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**			**			*			*			*
SI×FC		ns			ns			ns			ns			ns

年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	上等烟比例 Proportion of upper class tobacco (%)			产量 Yield (kg/hm²)			均价(元/kg) Average price (yuan/kg)			产值(元/hm²) Output value (yuan/hm²)
年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H
2018	B	22.58ab	28.33b	23.38ab	1 465.57abc	1 690.16ab	1 532.88a	19.52a	20.67ab	20.67ab	28 755.78b	35 262.98b	30 455.00ab
	Z	24.17a	32.77a	26.19a	1 487.66a	1 840.66a	1 521.76a	19.84a	21.56a	21.56a	29 671.04a	40 061.69a	31 105.45a
	H	21.45b	24.35c	23.83ab	1 290.77c	1 288.98c	1 310.94b	19.29a	19.87b	19.87bc	25 043.45c	25 815.78c	26 177.17c
	P	21.84b	27.48bc	22.16b	1 468.68abc	1 625.38b	1 526.22a	19.37a	20.50ab	20.50abc	28 616.72b	33 585.05b	29 810.38ab
变异来源Sourceof variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**			ns			ns			ns
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**			**			**			**
SI×FC		**			**			ns			**
2019	B	22.16ab	27.28b	23.87b	1 254.43b	1 650.63b	1 344.60c	19.44a	20.46ab	19.78ab	24 499.02b	33 908.03b	26 709.81c
	Z	23.54a	31.70a	25.24a	1 384.34a	1 808.24a	1 533.33a	19.71a	21.34a	20.05a	27 424.77a	38 758.71a	30 885.71a
	H	20.56bc	23.79c	22.13c	1 076.35d	1 216.26d	1 155.78d	19.12a	19.76b	19.43b	20 681.40d	24 140.48d	22 560.42d
	P	21.05b	26.37b	23.55b	1 189.35c	1 488.51c	1 442.52b	19.21a	20.28ab	19.71ab	22 973.15c	30 319.64c	28 573.58b
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**			**			**			**
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**			**			**			**
SI×FC		**			**			**			**

年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	叶长 Leaf length (cm)			单叶重 Single leaf weight (g)			含梗率 Leaf specific weight (%)			叶面密度 Foliar density (g/m²)			叶面积质量 Leaf area quality (g/cm²)
年份 Year	覆膜颜色 Film color	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H
2018	B	57.00ab	62.00ab	58.67b	8.26a	9.89b	8.76a	31.32ab	29.27ab	31.97ab	79.90a	80.42b	80.17b	103.85a	102.33a	103.56a
	Z	60.34a	63.84a	62.34a	8.36a	10.67a	8.59ab	29.44b	27.31b	30.97b	80.72a	83.01a	82.68a	104.90a	107.96a	105.26a
	H	52.34c	57.84c	54.17c	6.79b	7.36d	7.21c	32.69a	33.78a	32.14a	73.88b	76.50c	74.96c	100.15a	112.48a	102.69a
	P	56.67ab	61.00abc	58.00b	7.85ab	8.67c	8.32b	32.24a	31.31ab	32.03a	79.52a	80.04b	79.90b	102.33a	98.78a	104.95a
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**			**			ns			*			ns
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**			**			*			**			ns
SI×FC		ns			**			ns			ns			ns
2019	B	56.67ab	60.67b	58.67bc	7.54b	9.28b	7.95b	31.10ab	29.89ab	30.79ab	77.51ab	76.63b	78.27ab	100.41a	105.42ab	101.99ab
	Z	59.00a	63.00a	61.67a	8.04a	10.46a	8.77a	30.40bc	26.88c	30.19b	79.96a	84.14a	81.22a	100.72a	110.56a	104.69a
	H	52.67c	55.84c	55.00c	7.15b	7.42d	7.35c	34.09a	31.52a	33.87a	72.70c	70.37c	67.65c	100.23a	98.33b	96.41b
	P	54.00abc	57.00c	57.34bc	7.38b	8.71c	8.32ab	31.60ab	30.23ab	31.82ab	77.65ab	74.96bc	76.99b	100.98a	101.51b	101.62ab
变异来源Source of variation
补灌Supplementary irrigation (SI)		**			**			*			ns			ns
覆膜颜色Film color (FC)		**			**			*			**			ns
SI×FC		ns			**			ns			**			ns