苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.05.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期（3月25日）处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm²;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。

关键词: 冬油菜, 除草剂, 喷施时期, 杂草, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different application stages of post-emergence herbicides on weeds control, yield and quality of winter rapeseed in north China, local winter rapeseed Tianyou 2266 (Brassica napus L.) and Tianyou H614 (Brassia campestris L.) were used as test materials. The safe post-emergence herbicide (haloxyfop-r-methyl) was selected before spraying at four different time points in the field trials from 2018 to 2019. The results showed that the spraying of herbicides after seedling stage at different times of post winter season, reduced the total number of weeds in the field of winter rapeseed (B.napus L.) by 57.54%-92.56% compared with the control, and the total fresh weight of weeds decreased by 75.40%-97.48%. Moreover, the seed yield under second stage treatment increased by 354.50kg/ha compared with control. Meanwhile, the weed control efficiency of B.campestris L. was 55.91%-92.02% and the control effect of fresh weight was 37.17%-97.46%, and the yield increased by 2.29%-16.77%. Therefore, it is recommended that post-emergence herbicide should be sprayed in second time point, which can significantly control weeds and increase seed yield of winter rapeseed.

Key words: Winter rape, Herbicides, Spraying stage, Weeds, Yield, Quality

王芙蓉, 张建学, 郭岷江, 张亚宏, 范提平, 王亚宏, 张岩, 裴国平, 雷建明. 苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2020 (5): 204–208

Wang Furong, Zhang Jianxue, Guo Minjiang, Zhang Yahong, Fan Tiping, Wang Yahong, Zhang Yan, Pei Guoping, Lei Jianming. Effects of Post-Emergence Herbicide Spraying at Different Stages on Weed Control, and Yield and Quality of Winter Rapeseed[J]. Crops, 2020(5): 204–208

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处理 Treatment	杂草株数Number of weed			杂草鲜重 Fresh weight of weed (g)	株防效 Plant control effect (%)	鲜重防效 Fresh weight control effect (%)
处理 Treatment	禾本科Gramineous	阔叶类Broad-leaved	合计Total	杂草鲜重 Fresh weight of weed (g)	株防效 Plant control effect (%)	鲜重防效 Fresh weight control effect (%)
GCK	22.67a	69.89a	92.56a	109.33a	-	-
GT1	0.00b	24.89d	24.89d	26.11b	73.11b	76.12c
GT2	0.33b	14.67e	15.00e	2.78d	83.79a	97.48a
GT3	0.00b	27.78c	27.78c	15.89c	69.99c	85.47b
GT4	1.33b	45.78b	47.11b	26.89b	49.10d	75.40d
BCK	26.33a	37.67a	64.00a	437.89a	-	-
BT1	0.00b	27.00b	27.00b	47.44d	57.81c	89.17b
BT2	0.00b	5.11d	5.11d	11.11e	92.02a	97.46a
BT3	0.00b	14.00c	14.00c	65.78c	78.13b	84.98c
BT4	2.00b	26.22b	28.22b	275.11b	55.91d	37.17d

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	分枝部位 Branch position (cm)	一次分枝数 Primary branches	主序长度 Length of terminal raceme (cm)	主序角果数 Pods of terminal raceme	角果长度 Pod length (cm)
GCK	136.13b	62.07ab	6.33b	54.60a	62.27a	7.36a
GT1	137.80b	46.60b	8.60a	53.07a	63.07a	6.62c
GT2	158.83a	72.02a	7.70ab	51.53a	58.00a	7.26a
GT3	152.07a	60.13ab	7.47ab	60.53a	66.67a	6.73bc
GT4	159.60a	66.53a	8.27ab	59.33a	66.33a	7.16ab
BCK	165.93c	76.60b	6.53a	51.00b	37.33b	5.43a
BT1	175.62ab	66.48c	7.67a	60.42a	60.72a	5.66a
BT2	180.13a	74.20b	7.87a	54.60ab	51.73a	5.72a
BT3	178.28ab	84.02a	7.03a	51.87b	53.47a	5.63a
BT4	171.67bc	77.53b	6.93a	50.53b	54.33a	5.81a

处理 Treatment	单株角果数 Pods per plant	每角粒数 Seeds per pod	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
GCK	110.15b	25.37b	3.49c	9.98c	9 545.02ab
GT1	194.27a	24.94b	3.54c	20.83b	9 391.58ab
GT2	178.67a	29.20a	4.62a	24.09ab	9 899.52a
GT3	172.72a	26.26ab	3.81c	21.12ab	8 809.57b
GT4	166.78a	28.09ab	4.20b	24.91a	8 703.75b
BCK	127.40c	22.84a	3.17b	10.11c	3 232.61b
BT1	150.08bc	23.89a	3.40ab	14.61b	3 774.83a
BT2	248.47a	27.20a	3.41ab	20.18a	3 688.91a
BT3	178.24b	25.89a	3.58a	18.41a	3 389.64b
BT4	137.17c	24.23a	3.51a	12.94bc	3 306.68b

处理 Treatment	油酸 Oleic acid (%)	亚油酸 Linoleic acid (%)	芥酸 Erucic acid (%)	硫苷 Glucosinolate (μmol/g)	含油量 Oil content (%)	蛋白质 Protein (%)
GCK	21.95a	17.92a	32.52b	101.61ab	38.24b	26.87ab
GT1	21.59ab	17.47ab	32.80b	104.64ab	39.49b	26.94a
GT2	18.91b	16.72bc	36.04a	97.10b	43.53a	24.88d
GT3	21.64ab	15.80d	36.01a	108.92a	42.44a	26.01bc
GT4	23.55a	16.48cd	33.73ab	107.35a	43.80a	25.34cd
BCK	20.03bc	16.62a	38.94bc	95.60a	42.66ab	26.18b
BT1	18.83c	15.21b	41.90a	88.93b	44.15a	26.02b
BT2	23.06a	16.55a	37.18c	95.75a	41.99b	26.60b
BT3	22.41ab	16.69a	37.42c	90.48b	40.93b	27.89a
BT4	22.22ab	15.09b	40.24ab	90.06b	42.77ab	26.17b