镉污染稻田玉米对水稻的季节性替代种植可行性研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过比较种植模式双季稻（RR）,春玉米―晚稻（MR）,早稻―秋玉米（RM）的生育期、产量、经济效益及农产品镉含量等,探讨湖南镉污染稻田玉米对水稻季节性替代种植的可行性。结果表明,从生育季节来看,3种模式的晚季作物均能在10月下旬成熟,均适合在湖南双季稻区应用。2015和2016年两季作物总产量分别以RR和MR模式较高,但差异均不显著。与RR模式相比,2015年MR和RM模式下的纯收入有所下降,但2016年明显提高,2年总收入表现为MR>RM>RR,且前2种模式的单个劳动力纯收入明显高于RR模式。RM与MR模式的水稻糙米镉含量较RR模式有降低趋势,2016年晚稻表现更明显,从0.823mg/kg降到了0.621mg/kg。水稻糙米镉含量在0.231~0.823mg/kg,玉米籽粒镉含量在0.036~0.081mg/kg。水稻镉积累量远高于玉米,晚稻镉积累量远高于早稻,3种模式2季作物地上部总镉积累量表现为RR>MR>RM,且差异显著。可见,从生育季节、产量、纯收入和籽粒镉含量等角度考虑,春玉米―晚稻与早稻―秋玉米种植模式替代双季稻模式是可行的,考虑到春玉米―晚稻种植模式地上部镉移除量较多,因此宜首选春玉米―晚稻模式。

关键词: 镉污染稻田, 玉米, 水稻, 种植模式, 替代种植, 可行性

Abstract:

The growth duration, yield, economic benefit and Cd content in agro-products were compared among three types of planting patterns, double-cropping rice (RR), spring maize-late rice (MR), early rice-autumn maize (RM), to discuss the feasibility of seasonal substituted planting of maize to rice in Cd-contaminated paddy field in Hunan province. The results showed that the late-season crops of three patterns could mature in late October from the view of the growth season, and all three modes were suitable for planting in double-cropping rice area in Hunan province. The total yields of two season crop of RR and MR were higher in 2015 and 2016, respectively, while the difference was not significant. Compared with the net income of RR, that of MR and RM declined in 2015, while significantly increased in 2016, and the total income of two years showed the trend of MR > RM > RR, and the net income of single labor force in MR and RM were higher than that of RR. Cd contents in brown rice in RM and MR had a decreasing trend compared with that of RR, especially in late rice in 2016, which decreased from 0.823mg/kg to 0.621mg/kg). Cd content in rice grain was at 0.231-0.823mg/kg, while Cd content in maize grain was 0.036-0.081mg/kg. Rice had a lot higher Cd accumulation than maize, and late rice had a substantially higher Cd accumulation than early rice. The total Cd accumulation of two-season crops in the three patterns indicated the trend of RR > MR > RM with a significant difference. It could be seen that the double cropping rice pattern could be replaced with spring maize-late rice on early rice-autumn maize patterns in terms of growth season, yield, net income, and grain Cd content. The spring maize-late rice pattern should be favoured due to the huge amount of aboveground Cd elimination.

Key words: Cadmium polluted paddy field, Maize, Rice, Planting pattern, Substituted planting, Feasibility

王元元, 谷子寒, 陈平平, 易镇邪. 镉污染稻田玉米对水稻的季节性替代种植可行性研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2022 (4): 187–192

Wang Yuanyuan, Gu Zihan, Chen Pingping, Yi Zhenxie. Study on Feasibility of Seasonal Substituted Planting of Maize to Rice in Cd Contaminated Paddy Field[J]. Crops, 2022(4): 187–192

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种植模式 Planting pattern	2015				2016
	早季作物 Early season crop		晚季作物 Late season crop		早季作物 Early season crop		晚季作物 Late season crop
	播种Sowing	成熟Maturity	播种Sowing	成熟Maturity	播种Sowing	成熟Maturity	播种Sowing	成熟Maturity
双季稻 Double-cropping rice	03-22	07-03	06-11	10-18	03-24	07-09	06-12	10-17
早稻―秋玉米 Early rice-autumn maize	03-22	07-03	07-10	10-18	03-24	07-09	07-15	10-28
春玉米―晚稻 Spring maize-late rice	03-26	07-18	06-11	10-22	03-26	07-19	06-12	10-23

种植模式 Planting pattern	2015			2016
种植模式 Planting pattern	早季作物 Early season crop	晚季作物 Late season crop	全年 Whole year	早季作物 Early season crop	晚季作物 Late season crop	全年 Whole year
双季稻 Double-cropping rice	7210.8	7739.4	14 950.2a	5233.7	6298.3	11 532.0a
早稻―秋玉米 Early rice-autumn maize	7188.5	7598.6	14 787.1a	5469.5	5756.6	11 226.1a
春玉米―晚稻 Spring maize-late rice	6818.0	7181.9	13 999.9a	5395.6	6571.9	11 967.5a

器官 Organ	2015				2016
	早稻Early rice		晚稻Late rice		早稻Early rice		晚稻Late rice
		双季稻 RR	早稻―秋玉米 RM		双季稻 RR	春玉米―晚稻 MR		双季稻 RR	早稻―秋玉米 RM	双季稻 RR	春玉米―晚稻 MR
根Root	8.022a	7.414ab	6.809b	6.197b	7.088d	10.810c	19.893a	15.538b
茎Stem	3.575c	3.263c	5.132a	4.536b	4.474c	4.540c	9.950a	6.226b
叶Leaf	1.038a	0.997a	1.085a	0.976a	0.526d	0.616c	1.686a	1.348b
枝梗Branch	0.520b	0.496b	0.661a	0.657a	0.259d	0.328c	1.303a	0.990b
谷壳Chaff	0.537a	0.514a	0.327b	0.302b	0.387d	0.424c	1.209a	0.515b
糙米Brown rice	0.344a	0.332a	0.244b	0.231b	0.426c	0.429c	0.823a	0.621b
精米Milled rice	―	―	0.212a	0.201a	0.366c	0.361c	0.775a	0.463b
糠层Bran layer	―	―	0.310a	0.288b	0.608c	0.611c	1.442a	0.827b

器官 Organ	春玉米Spring maize		秋玉米Autumn maize
器官 Organ	2015	2016	2015	2016
根Root	5.275a	3.001c	2.408d	3.932b
茎Stem	0.957b	0.941b	1.329a	1.295a
叶Leaf	0.901a	0.823b	0.457c	0.973a
籽粒Seed	0.036b	0.071a	0.037b	0.081a

种植模式 Planting pattern	2015			2016
种植模式 Planting pattern	早季Early season	晚季Late season	合计Total	早季Early season	晚季Late season	合计Total
双季稻RR	18.25	23.79	42.04a	14.76	46.54	61.30a
早稻―秋玉米RM	15.47	4.31	19.78c	16.75	2.43	19.18c
春玉米―晚稻MR	3.60	23.35	26.95b	2.92	28.30	31.22b