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作物杂志,2022, 第5期: 49–55 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.007

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米叶宽的遗传效应分析

李丽华1(), 魏昕1(), 孟鑫2, 林海建2, 樊庆琦3, 鲁晓民1, 曹丽茹1, 张前进1, 张新1, 王振华1   

  1. 1河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,450002,河南郑州
    2四川农业大学玉米研究所,611130,四川成都
    3山东省农业科学院作物研究所,250100,山东济南
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-24 修回日期:2021-10-18 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 魏昕，主要从事玉米遗传育种研究，E-mail：weixin04@163.com
  • 作者简介:李丽华,主要从事玉米遗传育种研究,E-mail： llhtg1997@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省基础前沿项目(162300410139);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项(2020ZC06);财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-05)

Analysis of the Genetic Effects of Leaf Width in Maize

Li Lihua1(), Wei Xin1(), Meng Xin2, Lin Haijian2, Fan Qingqi3, Lu Xiaomin1, Cao Liru1, Zhang Qianjin1, Zhang Xin1, Wang Zhenhua1   

  1. 1Institute of Food Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    3Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-06-24 Revised:2021-10-18 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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摘要：

叶片是玉米植株进行光合作用最主要的器官,对玉米产量贡献巨大。利用1份玉米穗三叶窄叶和2份穗三叶宽叶自交系为材料,构建2套6世代分离群体（群体1和群体2）,利用经典植物数量性状混合遗传模型主基因+多基因多世代联合分析方法,对玉米穗三叶叶片宽度的遗传效应进行分析。结果表明,2套群体穗三叶叶宽遗传均受不同的基因数量控制,属于不同的多基因遗传模型。在群体1中,穗上叶叶宽符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型（D-0）,穗位叶叶宽符合2对基因加性-显性-上位性模型（B-1）,穗下叶叶宽符合2对基因加性-显性模型（B-2）。在群体2中,穗上叶叶宽符合2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型（E-3）,穗位叶和穗下叶叶宽符合1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型（D-2）。综上可知,玉米叶宽主要受主效基因控制,且在不同的遗传背景下,玉米穗三叶的遗传模式存在差异,穗位叶、穗上叶及穗下叶的遗传模式均受遗传背景的影响。

关键词: Maize, Three-ear-leaf, Leaf width, Genetic effects

Abstract:

Leaf is the most crucial component of plant photosynthesis, and it can significantly increase maize yield. In order to create two sets of six-generation segregating populations, one three-ear-leaf narrow-leaf inbred line and two three-ear-leaf wide-leaf inbred lines were crossed and backcrossed, respectively (population 1 and population 2). The genetic influence of the leaf width of the three-ear-leaf of maize on the cob was analysed using the main gene and multi-gene multi-generation combination analysis method of the mixed genetic model of plant quantitative traits. The results showed that the inheritance of the leaf width of the two groups of three-ear-leaf was controlled by different gene numbers and belonged to different polygenic genetic models. In population 1, the width of leaf above ear conformed to a pair of additive-dominant major gene+additive-dominant-epistatic polygene model (D-0), and the width of ear-leaf conformed to the two pairs of gene additive-dominant-epistatic model (B-1), the width of leaf under ear conformed to the two-pair gene additive-dominant model (B-2). In population 2, the width of leaf above ear conformed to the two pairs of additive major genes+ additive-dominant polygene model (E-3), and the widths of ear-leaf and under ear conformed to a pair of additive major genes+additive-dominant polygene model (D-2). Therefore, we speculate that maize leaf width was mainly controlled by the main effect genes, and the genetic pattern of the three-ear-leaf of maize was different under different genetic backgrounds. The genetic patterns of ear-leaf, leaf above ear and leaf under ear were all affected on major gene control.

Key words: 玉米, 穗三叶, 叶片宽度, 遗传效应

表1

R61×W75组合6个家系世代叶宽的次数分布

指标
Index		 世代
Generation		 叶宽Leaf width (cm) 平均数
Mean		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)
4~5 5~6 6~7 7~8 8~9 9~10 10~11 11~12 12~13
穗上叶宽
The width of leaf above ear		 P1 1 1 3 5 1 9.64 10.02
P2 4 9 4 5.44 12.73
F1 1 2 8 5 10.44 7.28
B1 4 7 35 56 90 43 8 8.81 13.84
B2 3 9 8 6 15 8 1 8.20 19.48
F2 10 19 30 45 62 58 20 4 8.00 19.55
穗位叶宽
The width of ear leaf		 P1 4 5 9.72 5.21
P2 11 6 5.76 8.12
F1 7 6 2 9.91 7.61
B1 8 21 58 76 56 13 2 9.11 12.50
B2 1 7 11 10 6 10 4 8.34 19.36
F2 9 19 32 44 45 60 28 4 8.07 20.46
穗下叶宽
The width of leaf under ear		 P1 4 4 2 8.90 7.86
P2 5 11 1 6.08 8.55
F1 5 5 6 9.33 9.81
B1 4 15 57 82 62 21 2 9.29 12.00
B2 3 5 13 11 11 4 2 1 8.21 18.71
F2 4 11 35 45 58 56 28 10 1 8.33 18.91

表2

R61×W45组合6个家系世代叶宽的次数分布

指标
Index		 世代
Generation		 叶宽Leaf width (cm) 平均数
Mean		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)
4~5 5~6 6~7 7~8 8~9 9~10 10~11 11~12 12~13
穗上叶宽
The width of leaf above ear		 P1 4 9 4 5.44 12.73
P2 2 6 0 1 7.37 10.29
F1 2 7 7 9.75 6.96
B1 20 39 40 31 11 1 7.14 15.89
B2 1 9 34 51 38 6 5 8.31 13.29
F2 5 31 40 41 35 14 2 1 7.95 16.88
穗位叶宽
The width of ear leaf		 P1 11 6 5.76 8.12
P2 1 7 1 7.28 5.82
F1 2 6 6 2 9.79 10.01
B1 9 29 47 35 19 2 7.50 14.87
B2 3 27 39 54 12 1 8.59 11.77
F2 1 2 22 42 34 46 19 2 1 8.25 16.45
穗下叶宽
The width of leaf under ear		 P1 5 11 1 6.08 8.55
P2 1 7 1 7.37 5.43
F1 2 7 6 3 9.78 9.65
B1 3 33 43 38 22 2 1 7.65 14.20
B2 2 17 56 49 18 2 1 8.77 10.49
F2 1 24 36 48 33 24 2 1 8.27 16.18

表3

R61×W75组合叶宽遗传模型的AIC值

穗上叶宽The width of leaf above ear 穗位叶宽The width of ear leaf 穗下叶宽The width of leaf under ear
模型
Model		 极大似然数值
Max-likelihood-value		 AIC 模型
Model		 极大似然数值
Max-likelihood-value		 AIC 模型
Model		 极大似然数值
Max-likelihood-value		 AIC
A-1 -1017.72 2043.44 A-1 -967.41 1942.81 A-1 -984.92 1977.84
A-2 -1054.83 2115.66 A-2 -1001.32 2008.64 A-2 -1003.36 2012.72
A-3 -1019.18 2044.36 A-3 -967.48 1940.95 A-3 -985.22 1976.45
A-4 -1083.32 2172.65 A-4 -1044.64 2095.29 A-4 -1048.38 2102.77
B-1-1 -991.27 2002.55 B-1-1 -940.32 1900.64 B-1-1 -969.71 1959.42
B-1-2 -1012.66 2037.31 B-1-2 -954.87 1921.74 B-1-2 -970.23 1952.46
B-1-3 -1075.27 2158.53 B-1-3 -1043.92 2095.84 B-1-3 -1064.76 2137.52
B-1-4 -1053.29 2112.59 B-1-4 -1003.15 2012.31 B-1-4 -1005.87 2017.74
B-1-5 -1016.94 2041.88 B-1-5 -964.62 1937.23 B-1-5 -979.74 1967.49
B-1-6 -1019.29 2044.57 B-1-6 -965.93 1937.86 B-1-6 -980.03 1966.07
C-0 -999.25 2018.50 C-0 -952.14 1924.29 C-0 -972.65 1965.29
C-1 -1024.98 2063.95 C-1 -972.19 1958.37 C-1 1965.29 1967.72
D-0 -982.92 1989.84 D-0 -941.68 1907.36 D-0 -968.99 1961.99
D-1 -1013.05 2044.09 D-1 -953.45 1924.91 D-1 -968.47 1954.94
D-2 -1013.04 2042.09 D-2 -953.45 1922.91 D-2 -968.47 1952.94
D-3 -1016.16 2048.33 D-3 -958.00 1932.00 D-3 -973.32 1962.64
D-4 -1026.75 2069.50 D-4 -964.63 1945.25 D-4 -973.32 1962.65
E-1-0 -978.77 1993.53 E-1-0 -935.31 1906.61 E-1-0 -966.60 1969.19
E-1-1 -988.45 2006.90 E-1-1 -941.16 1912.32 E-1-1 -967.66 1965.32
E-1-2 -1008.85 2039.70 E-1-2 -957.97 1937.94 E-1-2 -971.00 1964.00
E-1-3 -993.10 2004.20 E-1-3 -943.87 1905.73 E-1-3 -969.48 1956.95
E-1-4 -1024.02 2064.03 E-1-4 -965.46 1946.92 E-1-4 -971.93 1959.86
E-1-5 -1008.90 2035.81 E-1-5 -955.43 1928.85 E-1-5 -973.52 1965.03

表4

R61×W45组合叶宽遗传模型的AIC值

穗上叶宽The width of leaf above ear 穗位叶宽The width of ear leaf 穗下叶宽The width of leaf under ear
模型
Model		 极大似然数值
Max-likelihood-value		 AIC 模型
Model		 极大似然数值
Max-likelihood-value		 AIC 模型
Model		 极大似然数值
Max-likelihood-value		 AIC
A-1 -806.90 1621.80 A-1 -777.37 1562.74 A-1 -769.81 1547.63
A-2 -828.29 1662.59 A-2 -801.26 1608.52 A-2 -797.96 1601.93
A-3 -853.43 1712.86 A-3 -824.59 1655.17 A-3 -822.87 1651.74
A-4 1712.86 1623.29 A-4 -785.23 1576.45 A-4 -780.64 1567.29
B-1-1 -782.34 1584.68 B-1-1 -751.97 1523.93 B-1-1 -748.41 1516.83
B-1-2 -784.65 1581.29 B-1-2 -754.06 1520.11 B-1-2 -748.83 1509.67
B-1-3 -850.41 1708.81 B-1-3 -821.15 1650.30 B-1-3 -821.48 1650.96
B-1-4 -825.62 1657.23 B-1-4 -799.57 1605.14 B-1-4 -796.31 1598.62
B-1-5 -851.39 1710.77 B-1-5 -823.08 1654.16 B-1-5 -821.33 1650.66
B-1-6 -851.39 1708.77 B-1-6 -823.08 1652.16 B-1-6 -821.33 1648.66
C-0 -771.25 1562.49 C-0 -744.56 1509.11 C-0 -740.25 1500.50
C-1 -776.50 1567.00 C-1 -747.56 1509.11 C-1 -743.71 1501.42
D-0 -771.24 1566.48 D-0 -743.19 1510.39 D-0 -740.25 1504.49
D-1 -772.61 1563.21 D-1 -744.28 1506.56 D-1 -734.48 1486.95
D-2 -772.61 1561.21 D-2 -744.28 1504.56 D-2 -734.48 1484.95
D-3 -776.07 1568.13 D-3 -746.34 1508.68 D-3 -742.21 1500.42
D-4 -776.30 1568.61 D-4 -746.33 1508.65 D-4 -742.22 1500.43
E-1-0 -766.21 1568.42 E-1-0 -740.75 1517.51 E-1-0 -733.47 1502.94
E-1-1 -768.67 1567.34 E-1-1 -742.80 1515.61 E-1-1 -733.63 1497.27
E-1-2 -773.48 1568.96 E-1-2 -743.41 1508.83 E-1-2 -739.57 1501.14
E-1-3 -771.29 1560.59 E-1-3 -744.60 1507.20 E-1-3 -739.23 1496.47
E-1-4 -776.40 1568.80 E-1-4 -747.51 1511.01 E-1-4 -743.68 1503.35
E-1-5 -776.37 1570.74 E-1-5 -747.51 1513.02 E-1-5 -743.68 1505.36

表5

组合R61×W75叶宽的遗传参数估计

性状
Trait		 模型
Model		 一阶参数
1st parameter		 估计值
Estimate value		 二阶参数
2nd parameter		 估计值Estimated value
B1 B2 F2
穗上叶宽
The width of leaf above ear		 D-0 m 7.79 σ2p 1.49 2.55 2.45
d 1.28 σ2e 0.58 0.58 0.58
h 1.48 σ2pg 0.89 0.04 0.46
σ2mg 0.02 1.93 1.40
h2pg (%) 59.66 1.70 18.83
h2mg (%) 1.07 75.44 57.31
穗位叶宽
The width of ear leaf		 B-1 m 7.40 σ2p 1.30 2.61 2.73
da 1.86 σ2e 0.49 0.49 0.49
db 0.10 σ2pg
ha 0.51 σ2mg 0.81 2.12 2.24
hb 0.40 h2pg (%)
i 0.41 h2mg (%) 62.34 81.27 82.11
jab -0.91
jba -0.20
l 1.66
穗下叶宽
The width of leaf under ear		 B-2 m 7.47 σ2p 1.24 2.36 2.48
da 1.43 σ2e 0.57 0.57 0.57
db 0.06 σ2pg
ha 0.55 σ2mg 0.67 1.79 1.91
hb 1.54 h2pg (%)
h2mg (%) 54.17 75.81 77.03

表6

组合R61×W45叶宽的遗传参数估计

性状
Trait		 模型
Model		 一阶参数
1st parameter		 估计值
Estimate value		 二阶参数
2nd parameter		 估计值Estimated value
B1 B2 F2
穗上叶宽
The width of leaf above ear		 E-3 m 7.80 σ2p 1.29 1.21 1.80
da -0.68 σ2e 0.47 0.47 0.47
db -0.97 σ2pg 0.25 0.35 0.59
ha -0.80 σ2mg 0.57 0.40 0.75
hb 0.08 h2pg (%) 19.51 28.69 32.55
i -0.03 h2mg (%) 44.16 32.83 41.48
jab 0.19
jba -0.02
l 0.66
穗位叶宽
The width of ear leaf		 D-2 m 6.48 σ2p 1.24 1.02 1.84
d -1.15 σ2e 0.46 0.46 0.46
[d] 0.29 σ2pg 0.23 0.53 0.54
[h] 3.27 σ2mg 0.56 0.03 0.84
h2pg (%) 18.20 51.99 29.56
h2mg (%) 44.79 2.87 45.45
穗下叶宽
The width of leaf under ear		 D-2 m 6.69 σ2p 1.18 0.85 1.79
d -1.37 σ2e 0.47 0.47 0.47
[d] 0.57 σ2pg 0.00 0.36 0.00
[h] 3.07 σ2mg 0.71 0.02 1.33
h2pg (%) 0.00 42.94 0.00
h2mg (%) 60.55 2.06 74.01
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