氮肥运筹对湘南双季杂交稻生长发育与稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确湘南双季杂交稻适宜的氮肥运筹方式，以早稻品种陆两优996和株两优819、晚稻品种H优518和盛泰优018为材料，比较研究3种分蘖肥、穗肥、粒肥比例（7:2:1，N1；6:3:1，N2；5:4:1，N3）对双季杂交稻产量形成与稻米品质的影响。结果表明，氮肥运筹对双季稻产量及其构成因素有显著影响，早、晚稻实际产量均以N2处理最高，且显著高于N1处理，其增产的原因主要是有效穗数与穗粒数较高。与N1和N3处理相比，N2处理茎蘖数居中，但成穗率最高，且孕穗之后的叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量与干物质积累量最高。各品种糙米率、精米率和整精米率均以N2处理最高；N3处理直链淀粉含量显著低于N1处理，但与N2处理无显著差异；胶稠度随穗肥比例增加呈下降趋势；各品种垩白粒率和垩白度均以N2处理最低，处理间粒长、粒宽和长宽比均无显著差异。从稻米RVA谱特征参数来看，N1处理稻米食味品质最好，略优于N2处理，N3处理米质最差。综合考虑产量与稻米品质，N2处理（分蘖肥:穗肥:粒肥=6:3:1）是湘南双季杂交稻较理想的氮肥运筹方式。

关键词: 双季杂交稻, 湘南, 氮肥运筹, 产量形成, 米质

Abstract:

To explore the optimal nitrogen management way for double cropping hybrid rice in southern Hunan, the effects of three kinds of proportion of base fertilizer, panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer (7:2:1, N1; 6:3:1, N2; 5:4:1, N3) on yield formation and rice quality of double cropping rice early rice varieties, Luliangyou 996 and Zhuliangyou 819, and late rice varieties, H You 518 and Shengtaiyou 018 as materials. The results showed that, nitrogen management had a significant effect on yield and its components of double cropping rice. The yield of early and late rice was the highest in N2 treatment, which was significantly higher than that of N1 treatment. The yield increase was mainly due to the higher effective panicle number and grain number per panicle. Compared with N1 and N3 treatments, N2 treatment showed the medium tillers, the highest heading rate, and the highest leaf area index, leaves chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation after booting stage. The brown rice rate, milled rice rate and whole milled rice rate of all varieties were the highest in N2 treatment. The amylose content in N3 treatment was significantly lower than that in N1 treatment, but there was no significant difference with N2 treatment. The gel consistency decreased with the increase of panicle fertilizer ratio. The chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of all varieties were the lowest in N2 treatment, and there were no significant differences in grain length, grain width and length-width ratio among treatments. From the RVA spectrum characteristic parameters of rice, the eating quality of N1 treatment was the best, slightly better than that of N2 treatment, and the quality of N3 treatment was the worst. Considering the yield and rice quality, N2 treatment (basal tiller fertilizer:panicle fertilizer:grain fertilizer=6:3:1) was an ideal nitrogen management method for double cropping hybrid rice in southern Hunan.

Key words: Double cropping hybrid rice, Southern Hunan, Nitrogen fertilizer management, Yield formation, Rice quality

袁帅, 苏雨婷, 陈平平, 易镇邪. 氮肥运筹对湘南双季杂交稻生长发育与稻米品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023 (2): 91–99

Yuan Shuai, Su Yuting, Chen Pingping, Yi Zhenxie. Effects of Nitrogen Management on Yield Formation and Rice Quality of Double Cropping Hybrid Rice in Southern Hunan[J]. Crops, 2023(2): 91–99

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季别Season	品种Variety	处理Treatment	分蘖期Tillering stage	孕穗期Booting stage	齐穗期Full heading stage	灌浆期Filling stage
早稻Early rice	株两优819	N1	2.46a	3.70c	4.25b	3.52b
		N2	2.35a	4.25a	4.89a	4.02a
		N3	2.25a	3.98b	4.56ab	3.61b
	陆两优996	N1	2.36a	3.51b	4.04b	3.38b
		N2	2.22a	4.18a	4.67a	3.99a
		N3	2.16a	3.60b	4.35ab	3.45b
晚稻Late rice	盛泰优018	N1	2.66a	4.20b	4.66c	3.82c
		N2	2.78a	4.60a	5.26a	4.32a
		N3	2.62a	4.55a	4.91b	4.08b
	H优518	N1	3.20a	4.50b	5.06c	4.07c
		N2	3.13a	5.18a	5.84a	4.68a
		N3	2.91a	4.97a	5.31b	4.38b

季别Season	品种Variety	处理Treatment	分蘖期Tillering stage	孕穗期Booting stage	齐穗期Full heading stage	灌浆期Filling stage
早稻Early rice	株两优819	N1	37.63a	42.10b	44.67b	43.43b
		N2	36.73b	44.67a	47.53a	46.07a
		N3	36.70b	44.40a	46.17a	45.50a
	陆两优996	N1	37.90a	41.20b	46.23b	43.10c
		N2	36.73b	43.91a	48.80a	45.83a
		N3	35.71c	41.83b	47.57b	44.77b
晚稻Late rice	盛泰优018	N1	41.23a	43.91b	45.57b	44.67b
		N2	40.87ab	45.86a	48.10a	46.90a
		N3	40.50b	45.17ab	47.30ab	46.40a
	H优518	N1	42.40a	44.63b	46.63b	45.30b
		N2	42.13a	46.73a	48.80a	47.10a
		N3	39.87b	45.10ab	47.73ab	46.83ab

季别 Season	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
早稻Early rice	株两优819	N1	2.91a	3.64b	7.18b	9.17c	10.22c
		N2	2.83a	4.62a	8.35a	10.76a	12.17a
		N3	2.79a	4.46a	8.04a	10.15b	11.51b
	陆两优996	N1	3.24a	3.63a	6.78b	8.25c	9.52c
		N2	3.15a	3.94a	8.61a	10.20a	11.23a
		N3	3.10a	3.64a	7.52ab	9.07b	10.24b
晚稻Late rice	盛泰优018	N1	3.42a	4.49b	7.17b	9.12b	10.53b
		N2	3.37a	5.22a	8.99a	10.95a	12.71a
		N3	3.28a	4.51b	8.00ab	10.29a	12.22a
	H优518	N1	3.66a	5.53b	7.89c	10.20b	11.56b
		N2	3.73a	6.32a	9.53a	11.60a	13.01a
		N3	3.55a	5.78b	8.60b	11.03ab	12.60ab

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective number of panicles (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (t/hm²)	实际产量 Actual yield (t/hm²)
株两优819 Zhuliangyou 819	N1	294.25b	83.91a	80.12a	27.26a	5.44b	5.25b
株两优819 Zhuliangyou 819	N2	354.25a	82.35a	77.28b	27.86a	6.21a	5.88a
	N3	316.64b	82.29a	79.02ab	27.92a	5.80ab	5.47b
陆两优996 Luliangyou 996	N1	292.63a	79.98a	78.56a	26.67b	4.93b	4.73b
陆两优996 Luliangyou 996	N2	305.85a	80.37a	76.87a	28.52ab	5.46a	5.22a
	N3	298.13a	74.28b	77.62a	30.11a	5.20ab	5.03ab
盛泰优018 Shengtaiyou 018	N1	302.61b	113.32a	65.98b	29.11a	6.58a	6.34b
盛泰优018 Shengtaiyou 018	N2	330.08a	110.33a	71.43a	28.68a	7.39a	7.11a
	N3	309.17b	112.05a	72.71a	28.14a	7.08a	6.78ab
H优518 H You 518	N1	307.64b	115.22b	68.14a	24.58a	5.93b	5.77b
H优518 H You 518	N2	336.88a	122.37a	70.74a	23.87a	6.92a	6.66a
	N3	322.94ab	120.62a	66.47a	24.93a	6.43ab	6.24ab

季别 Season	品种 Variety	有效穗数 Effective number of panicles	穗粒数 Grains per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight	结实率 Seed-setting rate
早稻Early rice	株两优819	0.887^**	0.558^*	0.171	-0.402
	陆两优996	0.837^**	0.657^*	0.136	-0.385
晚稻Late rice	盛泰优018	0.812^**	0.405	0.225	-0.157
	H优518	0.702^**	0.755^**	0.328	-0.298