不同氮肥增效剂对减少豫北麦田气态氮损失及其增产效果研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究氮肥增效剂对豫北麦田气态氮损失及其增产效果的影响，于河南获嘉县进行大田试验，设置9个施氮处理[不施肥+不施增效剂（CK）、减氮20%+不施增效剂（U1）、正常施氮+不施增效剂（U2）、减氮20%+纯氮量的1%脲酶抑制剂（NBPT）（T1）、减氮20%+纯氮量的1%硝化抑制剂（DMPP）（T2）、减氮20%+1/2NBPT+1/2DMPP（T3）、正常施氮+纯氮量的1%NBPT（T4）、正常施氮+纯氮量的1%DMPP（T5）、正常施氮+1/2NBPT+1/2DMPP（T6）]，研究对氮素转化和小麦生长的影响。结果表明，同一施氮水平下产量均表现为T3和T6处理高于其他处理；整个小麦生育期，与U2处理相比，T3和T6土壤NH₄⁺含量分别提高了12.23%~36.10%和0.72%~49.47%，叶面积指数分别提高了7.79%~21.32%和10.08%~49.54%，干物质积累量分别提高了20.32%~35.25%和13.56%~40.43%；分别降低了土壤NO₃^-含量6.51%~34.56%和5.47%~40.20%、N₂O排放通量31.73%~72.53%和24.63%~67.84%，减少了N₂O累积排放通量32.89%和26.67%，均提高了氮肥利用效率。综上，减氮20%（192 kg/hm²）配合脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂组合在不降低产量的前提下可显著降低温室气体排放，利于冬小麦绿色高效生产。

关键词: 小麦, 氮肥增效剂, 铵态氮, 硝态氮, 叶面积指数, 干物质积累量, 产量

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer synergists on gaseous nitrogen loss and yield increase in wheat fields of northern Henan, nine nitrogen application measures were set up, including no fertilizer+no synergist (CK), 20% nitrogen reduction+no synergist (U1), normal application of nitrogen+no synergist (U2), 20% nitrogen reduction+1% of pure nitrogen amount of urease inhibitor (NBPT) (T1), 20% nitrogen reduction+1% of pure nitrogen amount of nitrification inhibitor (DMPP) (T2), 20% nitrogen reduction+1/2NBPT+1/2DMPP (T3), normal application of nitrogen+1% of pure nitrogen amount of NBPT (T4), normal application of nitrogen+1% of pure nitrogen amount of DMPP (T5), and normal application of nitrogen+1/2NBPT+1/2DMPP (T6). The results showed that the yields at the same N application level were all higher in the T3 and T6 treatments than those in the other treatments; during the wheat growth period, compared with the U2 treatment, T3 and T6 increased the soil NH₄⁺ content by 12.23%-36.10% and 0.72%-49.47%, the leaf area index by 7.79%-21.32% and 10.08%-49.54%, and the dry matter accumulation by 20.32%-35.25% and 13.56%-40.43%; reduced soil NO₃^-contents 6.51%-34.56% and 5.47%-40.20%, N₂O discharge flux 31.73%- 72.53% and 24.63%-67.84%, and reduced cumulative N₂O discharge flux 32.89% and 26.67%, all improved the efficiency of N fertilizer utilization. Therefore, the combination of 20% nitrogen reduction with urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions without reducing yield, which is conducive to the green and efficient production of winter wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Nitrogen fertilizer synergists, Ammonium nitrogen, Nitrate nitrogen, Leaf area index, Dry matter accumulation, Yield

贺云霞, 马建辉, 张黛静, 刘东华, 晁晓燕, 陈慧平, 李春喜. 不同氮肥增效剂对减少豫北麦田气态氮损失及其增产效果研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (3): 108–115

He Yunxia, Ma Jianhui, Zhang Daijing, Liu Donghua, Chao Xiaoyan, Chen Huiping, Li Chunxi. Study on the Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Synergists on Reducing Gaseous Nitrogen Loss and Increasing Yield in Wheat Field of Northern Henan[J]. Crops, 2025(3): 108–115

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处理Treatment	肥料Fertilizer	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	NBPT	DMPP
CK	不施肥、不施增效剂	0	0	0	0	0
U1	减氮20%、不施增效剂	192	150	90	0	0
U2	正常施氮、不施增效剂	240	150	90	0	0
T1	减氮20%、纯氮量的1% NBPT	192	150	90	2.4	0
T2	减氮20%、纯氮量的1% DMPP	192	150	90	0	2.4
T3	减氮20%、1/2 NBPT+1/2 DMPP	192	150	90	1.2	1.2
T4	正常施氮、纯氮量的1% NBPT	240	150	90	2.4	0
T5	正常施氮、纯氮量的1% DMPP	240	150	90	0	2.4
T6	正常施氮、1/2 NBPT+1/2 DMPP	240	150	90	1.2	1.2

处理Treatment	穗数Spike number (/m²)	穗粒数Grains per spike	千粒重1000-grain weight (g)	产量Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	515.00±9.00f	45.67±7.62ab	34.38±0.11de	7025.68±551.37d
U1	639.00±14.73e	47.33±5.03ab	35.54±0.41bcd	9357.55±211.92c
U2	667.67±6.53cd	47.67±1.53ab	36.63±0.46b	10 140.44±190.63bc
T1	671.00±8.13cd	52.00±4.36a	35.19±0.61cd	10 684.44±377.56bc
T2	655.67±12.34de	49.00±1.73ab	33.55±0.34e	9380.92±523.68c
T3	734.33±12.66ab	51.67±1.53a	35.24±1.24cd	11 645.77±422.98ab
T4	683.33±11.50c	45.67±1.15ab	38.04±0.66a	10 324.85±263.74bc
T5	718.00±18.33b	43.00±2.65b	37.99±0.97a	10 208.97±236.57bc
T6	743.33±6.03a	52.33±3.06a	36.19±0.78bc	12 303.94±378.05a

处理 Treatment	氮素偏生产力 NPFP (kg/kg)	氮肥农学效率 NAE (kg/kg)	氮素收获指数 NHI (%)
CK	－	－	61.64±1.63c
U1	48.74±0.59cd	12.15±1.15b	64.30±0.19bc
U2	42.25±0.79d	10.60±0.03b	64.64±0.68bc
T1	55.65±0.09ab	19.06±0.40a	69.07±0.20a
T2	48.86±0.72cd	12.27±0.14b	63.38±0.95c
T3	60.66±0.80a	24.06±1.02a	64.40±0.59bc
T4	43.02±1.10d	11.37±0.37b	65.10±0.99bc
T5	42.54±0.49d	10.89±0.94b	61.34±0.59c
T6	51.27±0.58bc	19.62±0.51a	67.98±0.70ab